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  1. n Ireland is situated on the British Isles. It consists of four parts: England, Wales, Scotland & Northern Ireland. London is the capital of the U.K., Great Britain & England. Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland .The capital of Wales is Cardiff & the capital of Northern Ireland is Belfast. English is the official language of the country.

  2. Great Britain

  3. The United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles. It consists of four parts: England, Wales, Scotland & Northern Ireland. London is the capital of the U.K., Great Britain & England. Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland .The capital of Wales is Cardiff & the capital of Northern Ireland is Belfast. English is the official language of the country.

  4. The climate of Great Britain is mild. It is not very hot in summer & it is not very cold in winter. It often rains in England. Besides, English climate is famous for its fogs. The weather in Great Britain changes very often because the Atlantic Ocean & the warm waters of the Gulf Stream influence the climate of Great Britain.

  5. The surface of Great Britain varies greatly. England & Ireland are flat but Scotland & Wales are mountainous. The mountains are not very high, the rivers are not very long in Great Britain. The longest river is the Severn & the deepest one is the Thames.

  6. The U.K. has some mineral resources. Coal & oil are the most important of them. Great Britain is a highly developed industrial country. It is known as one of the largest producers & exporters of iron & steel products, machinery & electronics, chemicals & textile, aircraft & navigation equipment. One of the chief industries of the country is shipbuilding. The main industrial centers are Sheffield, Birmingham, Nottingham, Coventry & Leeds.

  7. There are many universities, collages, libraries in the country. Oxford & Cambridge are the two Great Universities known all over the world.

  8. The U.K. is a constitutional monarchy. The head of the country is the Queen but her power is limited by the Parliament. It consists of two Houses: the House of Lords & the House of Commons. There are four main political parties in Great Britain: the Conservative, the Labour, the Liberal, the Social-Democratic Party.

  9. I. Complete the sentences.

  10. English is…

  11. The weather in Great Britain changes very often because…

  12. One of the chief industries of the country …

  13. The head of the country…but…

  14. The Parliament consists of…

  15. II. Answer the questions.

Where is the United Kingdom of Great Brita

London

London is the capital of Great Britain, its political, economic & commercial center. It is situated on the river Thames. The city is very old & traditionally London is divided into four parts: the City, Westminster, the West End & the East End. They are very different from each other.

The City is the oldest part of London, it is the business & the commercial heart of London. Very few people live here but over a million come to work in numerous banks, offices & firms. In the centre of the City there is the Tower of London & St. Paul’s Cathedral. The Tower was built in the 11-th century & it was used as a fortress, a palace & a prison. Now it is a museum.

Westminster is the aristocratic official part of London. It includes Buckingham Palace, the royal residence & the House of Parliament. It is a beautiful building with two towers: The Clock Tower with Big Ben & the Victoria Tower with the national flag over it. Opposite the House of Parliament there is Westminster Abbey, the place where nearly all kings & queens were crowned

The West End is the richest & most beautiful part of London. It is a symbol of wealth & luxury. The best hotels, restaurants, shops, clubs, parks & houses are situated there. English aristocracy lives in this region. Trafalgar Square is the geographical center of London. It was named in the memory of Admiral Nelson’s victory at the battle of Trafalgar in 1805. Also there is the National Gallery with its wonderful collection of works. Not far from it there is the British Museum famous for its rich library. Another interesting sight in the West End is Hyde Park, the largest of London parks.

The East End is an industrial district of London. There are many factories here. Old residents of the East End are proud to be called cockneys which means true Londoners.

London is the home of many famous Englishmen such as Geoffrey Chaucer, William Shakespeare & so on, who spent most of life in London.

I. Complete the sentences.

  1. London is the capital of…

  2. The City is…

  3. ...& it was used as a fortress, a palace & a prison.

  4. … the place where nearly all kings & queens were crowned.

  5. …is the geographical center of London.

  6. …the largest of London parks.

  7. Old residents of the East End are proud…

II. Answer the questions.

  1. How is London divided traditionally?

  2. What is the oldest part of London? What places of interest are there?

  3. What is Westminster?

  4. What do you know about Trafalgar Square, British Museum & Hyde Park?

  5. What district of London is the center of industry?

III. Retell the text. Russia

Russia is one of the largest countries in the world. Russia lies both in Europe & Asia. Our country is washed by the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean & the Arctic Ocean.

Russia can be divided roughly into two main regions – the highlands & the lowlands. The lowlands cover the greater part of the country with a long mountain range, cutting it into two unequal parts. It is the Urals, which form the natural border between Europe & Asia.

There are some peaks four & a half miles high. There are also lowlands several hundred feet below sea level, steppes & deserts in the south, plains & forests in the midlands, tundra & taiga in the north. Steppe is a treeless plain covered with grass, tundra is a kind of frozen desert in the Arctic region, taiga is a thick coniferous forest stretching to the south of tundra, which is rich in rare specimens of fur-bearing animals: sable, fox, squirrel.

There are many rivers & lakes in Russia. The longest rivers are the Volga, the Yenisey, the Ob; the deepest lakes are the Baikal, & the Ladoga.

Climate in Russia is very varied. In the south-west the weather is usually mild & wet, northern Asia is one of the coldest spot on earth, & in the deserts of the south heat renders life scarcely bearable, but in the middle of the country the climate is moderate & continental.

Russia is rich in mineral resources such as oil, natural gas, coal, gold, etc. The capital of the country is Moscow. It was founded in 1147. Today Moscow is a large & beautiful city. Moscow’s places of interest attract million of people from our & other countries.