Структура специальных вопросов
|
Вопроси-тельные слова |
Вспомога-тельный глагол |
Подлежащее и определение к нему |
Смысловой глагол в форме инфинитива |
Другие члены предложения |
|
What Where When |
Do did will
|
you he your sister |
Do go return |
in the evening? yesterday? home? |
Итак, маркерами времен группы Simple являются:
|
Время |
Утвердительная форма |
Вопросительная и отрицательная формы |
Обстоятельства времени |
|
Present Simple |
инфинитивглаголабезчастицыto (Vo), He, she, it–глаголс окончанием–sили-es (Vs) |
вспомогательные глаголы – doилиdoes |
today, at present, now |
|
Past Simple |
Стандартные глаголы – у глагола окончание –ed (Ved) нестандартные глаголы – 2 форма глагола(в словаре – словоPast) |
вспомогательный глагол did |
yesterday – вчера ago- тому назад lastyear- в прошлом году |
|
Future Simple |
will+инфинитив глагола без частицыto |
вспомогательный глагол will |
Tomorrow-завтра in a month- через месяц next week- на следующей неделе |
Вариант 1.
I. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения. Определите, какой частью речи являются слова с окончанием “S”:
а) показателем 3-го лица ед. ч. глагола в Present Simple;
б) признаком мн. ч. имени сущ.
в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени сущ.
1. Moscow is one of the world’s cultural and scientific centers.
2. The first mentioning of Moscow in chronicles dates back ( относится ) to
1147.
3. The collections of the Historical Museum acquaint visitors with the history of
the Russian State.
4. The researcher states that the new method of work is of great importance for
the fulfillment of the plan.
II. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения, содержащие определения, выраженные сущ.
1. They discussed the economic development plan.
2. The International Tchaikovsky Competition and the International Ballet
Competition took place in Moscow.
III. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения, содержащие различные виды сравнения.
1. This film is much more interesting than that one.
2. My friend is as old as I am.
3. The more you read, the better you know the subject.
4. The second text is not as difficult for translation as the first one.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения, обращая внимание на неопределенные местоимения.
1. There are some 150 museums in Moscow.
2. Any museum of Moscow is of great interest to us.
3. Do they take any books with them?
V. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения. Определите видовременную форму глагола ( время и залог).
1. In 1980 the best sportsmen from five continents met in Moscow.
2. This girl took part in the International Ballet Competition in Moscow.
3. Moscow plants produce such goods as lorries and vehicles, instruments,
industrial equipment, etc.
4. He will be glad to visit Moscow again.
VI. Прочтите и устно переведите с 1-го по 5-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2 и 4-й абзацы текста.
MOSCOW
1. Moscow became the capital of Russian State in 1918. In those difficult post-revolution days the work started on the first plan for the economic construction and reconstruction of Moscow.
2. Now Moscow’s boundaries expanded considerably. In 1972 Moscow covered 878.7 sq. km. and its population was about 8 million people. Today Moscow is an advanced industrial mega polis. Moscow is a main production and technical base of the country’s industry. There are many new industries in Moscow now, such as: machine-tool building, instrument-making, radio-engineering, electronics, chemical industry, etc. Moscow plants produce such goods as lorries, and passenger vehicles, sea-going and river vessels, diesel locomotives, precision instruments and other types of industrial equipment.
3. Thousands of Moscow citizens work at the plants and enterprises of these industries. And new residential districts are built for them.
4. Moscow is a multinational capital. People of different nationalities study side by side in its institute halls and library reading-rooms. They work together at numerous factories and plants of the great city. Moscow has a lot of higher schools with more than 1,000,000 students.
5. Moscow is the heart of the cultural life of the country. The city has some fifty theatres, many concert halls, numerous cinemas, about one hundred and fifty museums, many stadiums and sport halls.
КОНТРОЛЬНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ №1.
ВАРИАНТ 2.
I. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения. Определите, какой частью речи являются слова с окончанием “S”:
a) показателем 3-го лица ед. ч. глагола в Present Simple;
б) признаком мн. ч. имени сущ.
в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени сущ.
1. He works only five days a week.
2. We all know the works of this great writer.
3. We visited Kiev’s famous St. Sophia Cathedral.
4. The Ukraine represents a large economic region in Europe.
II. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения, содержащие определения, выраженные сущ.
1. There are many new machine building factories in the country.
2. These engineers deal with cosmic ray studies.
3. The Kiev underground is short, but beautiful.
4. This light industry establishment is not far from our Institute.
III. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения, содержащие различные виды сравнения.
1. This museum is much more interesting than that one.
2. This university building is not as large as that one.
3. We discussed the most important problems at the meeting yesterday.
4. The more often you use English words in speech, the better you learn them.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения, обращая внимание на неопределенные местоимения.
1. No student of this group was in Kiev.
2. Some of the students will go on an excursion tomorrow.
3. Any museum of Kiev is of great interest to us.
4. Some two million people live in Kiev.
V. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения. Определите видовременную форму глагола ( время и залог ).
1. My friend left Kiev for Moscow.
2. Boris and I played chess after dinner.
3. They will be glad to see us in Kiev again.
4. The first view of Kiev gives you a feeling of a big city.
VI. Прочтите и устно переведите с 1-го по 5-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2 и 4-й абзацы текста.
KIEV
1. The land of the Ukraine is vast and beautiful, its fields are fertile, and the energy of the mighty Dnieper River is enormous. The Ukraine represents a large economic region in Europe. In Soviet times many giant industrial enterprises, dams and hydro-electric stations, thousands of factories, collective and state farms, new cities and towns came into being in the Ukraine.
2. Kiev is the capital of the Ukraine. It is one of the most beautiful cities in Europe. Its population is some two million people.
3. Kiev is the largest center of national Ukrainian culture. There are many research institutes, the Academy of Science of the Ukraine, many higher and hundreds of secondary schools in Kiev. The University which bears the name of Shevchenko stands in the center of the city. Kiev has a history that goes back for more than ten centuries.
4. Kiev is a highly developed industrial city. There are many engineering, instrument-building, food processing and light industry establishments in Kiev. The Kiev plants and factories produce complex automatic lathes, excavators, sea and river ships, motor-cycles, electrical measuring instruments, planes, machine-tools, artificial fibers and diamonds. The Ukrainian scientists discovered the way of manufacturing artificial diamonds and developed the methods of electric welding. They made progress in nuclear physics, chemistry and other branches of science.
5. The Ukraine exports manufactured goods to more than 70 foreign countries. The Ukraine develops the relationships with Russia and other countries in political, economic and cultural spheres.
КОНТРОЛЬНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ №1.
ВАРИАНТ 3.
I. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения. Определите, какой частью речи являются слова с окончанием “S”:
а) показателем 3-го лица ед. ч. глагола в Present Simple;
б) признаком мн. ч. имени сущ.
в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени сущ.
1. The country exports its products to 40 countries.
2. The exports consist of non-ferrous metals, machinery, chemical equipment,
etc.
3. What is your teacher’s name?
4. The scientists achieved great results in this branch of science.
II. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения, содержащие определения, выраженные сущ.
1. His sister is a ten-year-old girl.
2. This power-station equipment is quite new.
3. The lecturer named cotton yarn production figures in his report.
4. The new institute building is not far from my house.
III. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения, содержащие различные виды сравнения.
1. The Moskva River is not as wide and deep as the Neva.
2. This street is as wide as the next one.
3. The Trans-Siberian railway is much more longer than any railway in the
world.
4. The longer I stayed in Minsk, the more I liked it.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения, обращая внимание на неопределенные местоимения.
1. There are some faculties in our Institute.
2. Some 20 students took part in sport competition.
3. Any result in our experiment is of great importance for the whole research.
4. No one knew about this discovery.
V. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения. Определите видовременную форму глагола ( время и залог ).
1. This student took an active part in the public life of his Institute.
2. The achievements in science will provide for the progress in economy.
3. Machine-builders use the latest technical achievements in their work.
4. The extra-mural students received paid leaves for their exams.
VI. Прочтите и устно переведите с 1-го по 5-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2 и 4-й абзацы текста.
MINSK
1. Minsk is the capital of Byelorussia, its political, economic and industrial center. Before the revolution it was a provincial town with some 100,000 inhabitants. Years of development transformed Minsk entirely. Today it is a large modern city with a population of some 800,000 people.
2. Minsk is a cultural and scientific center of Byelorussia. It has many museums, but perhaps the most famous are the Museum of the 1st Congress of the RSDLP and the Museum of the History of the Great Patriotic War.
3. Before the revolution there was not a single higher educational establishment in Minsk. There are now nearly thirty educational establishments including the University and many scientific research institutes.
4. Nowadays Minsk is a city of highly developed industry. The powerful MAZ lorries of the Minsk Automobile Works are famous not only in the country but far beyond its borders. The designers of the Minsk universal electronic computers, the most popular in the country, were awarded the State Prize. Farmers highly appreciate the new Minsk tractors which are highly reliable and easy to work. The Minsk Tractor Works is one of the biggest industrial enterprises. Every day hundreds of bright newly painted machines leave the factory gates. With each passing year the tractor builders perfect their skills and improve the technology of production.
5. Minsk workers are on friendly terms with their colleagues from other countries. Many specialists come from other countries to perfect their skills.
КОНТРОЛЬНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ №1.
ВАРИАНТ 4.
I. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения. Определите, какой частью речи являются слова с окончанием “S”:
а) показателем 3-го лица ед.ч. глагола в Present Simple;
б) признаком мн. ч. имени сущ.
в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени сущ.
1. This teacher lectures on physics.
2. His lectures are of great help to us.
3. This city’s art museum enjoys great popularity.
4. The City is London’s financial and commercial heartland.
II. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения, содержащие определения, выраженные сущ.
1. London is the nation’s capital and government services are also an important
sector.
2. Tower Bridge is the most famous and distinctive bridge in London.
3. There are many picture galleries and museums in London.
III. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения, содержащие различные виды сравнения.
1. The Volga is much longer than the Thames.
2. The second text is as difficult as the first one.
3. This town is not as large as that one.
4. The more exercises we do, the better we understand grammar rules.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения, обращая внимание на неопределенные местоимения.
1. Our country is very large; no one country is equal to it in size.
2. Do you go anywhere this morning?
3. Any student translates this text without a dictionary.
4. Some 20 students took part in sport competition.
V. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения. Определите видовременную форму глагола ( время и залог ).
1. Neither my friend nor I translated this text.
2. The delegation of this republic took an active part in the conference.
3. London lies on either side of the River Thames.
4. A light in the tower shows when the House of Commons is in session.
VI. Прочтите и устно переведите с 1-го по 5-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2 и 4-й абзацы текста.
LONDON
1. London is the capital of the United Kingdom of Great Britain. It lies on either side of the River Thames. The population of London is 6,904,600; the area is 1,579 sq. km. London is more than two thousand years old. It is the United Kingdom’s main center of population, commerce and culture and the largest port in England.
2. There are many places of interest in London. One of them is Trafalgar Square with Nelson’s monument 145 feet high. The Houses of Parliament, built in 1840 on the site of a former royal palace, are steeped in pomp and tradition, ceremony and splendor. Tourism and retail trade are among the major sectors of the city’s economy. And, because London is the nation’s capital, government services are also an important sector.
3. Buckingham Palace is the Royal Residence; it is the London home of the Queen. When the flag is flying on the top she is at home. Now Buckingham Palace is the Royal Residence of the Head of State – Queen Elizabeth II.
4. London is known all over the world for its green parks. The most celebrated parklands are the six royal parks that sweep through London’s West End. Hyde Park is the most popular. It is the largest park in London as well as one of the royal parks.
5. London is the center of the country’s cultural life. There are many picture galleries and museums here. The National Gallery and the others house a priceless collection of paintings. Founded in 1735, the British Museum is a treasure house of the works of man from prehistoric times to the present day. There are important displays of antiquities from Egypt, Western Asia, Greece, Rome and the East.
КОНТРОЛЬНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ №1.
ВАРИАНТ 5.
I. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения. Определите, какой частью речи являются слова с окончанием “S”:
а) показателем 3-го лица ед. ч. глагола в Present Simple;
б) признаком мн. ч. имени сущ.
в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени сущ.
1. Everything in St. Petersburg reminds you of the history of Russia.
2. The city’s art museums enjoy great popularity.
3. He always watches TV program in the evening.
4. Something is wrong with your watches.
II. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения, содержащие определения, выраженные сущ.
1. He passes his examinations with excellent marks.
2. These plants produce automatic control instruments for underground transport.
3. There are many new machine building factories in the country.
III. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения, содержащие различные виды сравнения.
1. This film is not as interesting as that one.
2. The more you travel, the better you know our country.
3. This problem was much more important than that one.
4. The Leningrad metro is as beautiful as the Moscow one.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения, обращая внимание на неопределенные местоимения.
1. Some of these articles are very interesting.
2. Have you any friends in St. Petersburg?
3. There are some 363 bridges in St. Petersburg.
4. No student can translate this article without the help of a dictionary.
V. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения. Определите видовременную форму глагола ( время и залог ).
1. The legendary cruiser Aurora gave the signal for the assault on the Winter
Palace.
2. Every monument and every building in St. Petersburg has a history of its own.
3. St. Petersburg will maintain close contacts with other countries.
4. The magnificent city on the Neva always played a prominent role in Russian
and world history.
VI. Прочтите и устно переведите с 1-го по 5-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2 и 4-й абзацы текста.
ST. PETERSBURG
1. The magnificent city on the Neva always played a prominent role in Russian and world history. Many years ago the working people of Russia accomplished the Revolution here, in Petrograd. The city was founded in 1703 by Peter the Great. Now St. Petersburg is more than 300 years old.
2. In the hard years of the Second World War, Leningrad became a symbol of courage in the bitter fighting against the Nazi invaders. Almost hundred days and nights of the siege of Leningrad multiplied the combat glory of the city.
3. Hundreds of thousands of students from many countries study in more than 50 higher schools of St. Petersburg. The city maintains close contacts with many countries.
4. Its plants and factories produce powerful ships and tractors, giant electric turbines for the largest power-stations of the country, television sets and refrigerators, rolling mills and precision instruments for various branches of industry and science.
5. St. Petersburg is a large industrial, cultural and scientific center. We can see products of its enterprises in many foreign countries. The northern capital always plays a great role in the development of many important branches of the economy.
CONTROL WORK N 2
Для того чтобы выполнить контрольную работу N 2, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка.
Видо-временные формы глагола:
а) активный залог – формы Simple (Present, Past, Future); формы Continuous (Present, Past, Future); формы Perfect (Present, Past, Future).
b)пассивный залог этих же форм. Особенности перевода пассивных конструкций на русский язык.
Модальные глаголы:
выражающие возможность: can (could), mayи эквивалент глаголаcan – be able;
выражающие разрешение: may (might) и эквивалент глаголаmay – be allowed;
выражающие долженствование: must, его эквивалентыto have toиto be to; should.
Простые неличные формы глагола. Причастие. Participle I (Present Participle), Participle II (Past Participle) в функциях определения и обстоятельства.
a) Употребление временных форм глагола в действительном залоге
Active Voice
|
Инфинитив
Время |
Simpleинфинитив без частицы to |
Continuous be+Participle I (Ving) |
Perfect Have + Participle II (Ved или 3 форма глагола) |
|
Present |
Ask asks (he, she, it) вспомогат.гл. do, doesв вопросах и отрицат.предл. |
a Is asking are |
h has (he,she,it) asked written |
|
Past |
Asked wrote, went вспомогат.глагол did
|
w were asking |
had asked written |
|
Future |
Will ask |
will be asking |
will have asked, written |
m
ave
as
Note:
Времена группы Continuous переводятся глаголами несовершенного вида (что делаю? что делал? что буду делать?), так как показывают процесс выполнения действия. Чаще всего ошибки происходят при переводеPast Continuous.
Iwas asking– Яспрашивал(нельзяпереводитьспросил )
Времена группы Perfectчаще всего переводятся глаголами совершенного вида (что сделал? или что сделаю?), так как показывают законченное, завершенное действие.
I have asked – Я спросил.