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Федеральное государственное образовательное учреждение

высшего профессионального образования

«Астраханский государственный технический университет»

Кафедра «Иностранные языки в гуманитарном

и естественнонаучном образовании»

Introduction to management

(введение в менеджмент)

Методическое пособие для студентов 1-2 курсoв специальности 340000 «Управление качеством»

Астрахань – 2006

Авторы: профессор кафедры ИЯГЕНО, д.ф.н. Дроздова Т.В.

ст. преподаватель кафедры ИЯГЕНО Дорохова Н.И.

Рецензент: доцент кафедры ИЯГЕНО Акифьева Н.С.

Рассмотрено и утверждено на заседании кафедры ИЯГЕНО, протокол № 13 от 30.06.06.

Unit I text I. Management as a science

Let us briefly look at the term management. Management is a process used to achieve certain goals through the utilization of resources (people, money, energy, materials, space, time). The resources are considered the inputs, and the attainment of the goals the output of the process. The degree of success of the manager's job is often measured by the ratio between the outputs and inputs. This ratio is an indication of the organization's productivity.

Productivity is a major concern for any organization since it determines the well-being of the organization and its participants. Productivity is also one of the most important issues at the national level. National productivity is the sum of the productivities of all organizations and individuals, and it determines the standard of living, the employment rate, and the economic well-being of the country.

The level of productivity, or the success of management, depends on the execution of certain managerial functions such as planning, organiz­ing, directing, and controlling. To carry out these functions, managers engage in a continuous process of making decisions.

Therefore, management is considered by many as equivalent to decision making.

For years, managers have considered decision making to be a pure art—a talent acquired over a long period of time through experience (learn­ing by trial and error). It has been considered an art because a variety of individual styles can be used in approaching and successfully solving the same type of managerial problems in actual business practice. These styles are often based on creativity, judgment, intuition, and experience rather than on a systematic analytical approach.

However, the environment in which management must operate is changing. Man has long since landed on the moon, and technological ad­vancement dictates the pace of our life. Such advances in technology cannot possibly be made or sustained without concurrent advances in the systems of management. Such unusual strides have been possible only because the art of management has increasingly been supplemented by science.

Business and its environment are more complex today than ever be­fore, and the trend toward increasing complexity is continuing. As a result of these trends and changes, it is very difficult to rely on a trial-and-error approach to management. Managers must become more sophisti­cated—they must learn to utilize new tools and techniques that are being developed in their field.

Vocabulary.

to utilize - использовать, утилизировать

utilization – n - использование, применение

input(s) -зд. затраты (total input - общие затраты)

ouput (s)-1.производительность; 2.объём производства, продукция

attainment (n)-достижение, приобретение

ratio (n) - 1. отношение, соотношение, пропорция; 2. коэффициент

to determine – v-1. определять, устанавливать; 2.оканчивать, заканчивать

execution (n)-исполнение, выполнение

to acquire (v)-приобретать, достигать, овладевать.

creativity-творческая способность, творческая жилка, созидать

environment - окружающая среда, окружающая обстановка

to sustain - v-1.переносить,испытывать; 2.выдерживать,проживать

trend - общeе направлениe развития, тенденция, тренд

degree (n)-1. степень; 2. положение, звание

advancement (n) - прогресс, успех, развитие.

Exercise 1. Read the following words and give their Russian equivalents:

degree, to achieve, to consider, resources, productivity, participant, issue, well-being, a variety, successfully, creativity, judgement, intuition, supplement, trial-and-error, sophisticated, tools and technique.

Exercise 2. Match A and B:

А 1) the utilization of resources 2) the level of productivity 3) the employment rate 4) the economic well-being of the country 5) tools and techniques

B a) средства и способы b) экономическое благосостояние страны c) использование ресурсов d) уровень производительности e) уровень занятости

Exercise 3. Look through Text I and find words of the same roots; translate them, analyze the word-combination they are used in. Make up your own sentences with these word-combinations:

to manage; to organize; to plan; to utilize; to operate; to produce

Exercise 4. Answer the questions to Text I:

1. What is “management”?

2. How are inputs and output defined?

3. Why is productivity a major concern for any organization?

4. What does the level of productivity depend on?

5. What is equivalent to management?

6. Why has management been considered an art for years?

7. Is it possible to achieve unusual strides in the art of management without science?

8. What have managers to do in order to become more sophisticated in their field?

Exercise 5. Read and translate the text given below.