По необходимости [см. тж. В силу необходимости] |
581(996) |
По необходимости [см. тж. В силу необходимости]
Since we are a cold-metal shop, we of necessity use a large amount of cast iron.
По нескольку капель
Add silver nitrate, a few drops at a time.
По... нормам
The ancient methods of handling fractions were not very efficient by our standards.
По обе стороны [см. тж. Расположенные по обе стороны]
With the straightedge placed along this line, make pencil marks at 60 and 120 units each way from the centre.
The cells lie on each side of the midline.
The potential energy rises parabolically on either side of the equilibrium position.
По общему мнению
It is generally agreed that the colours seen on the surface of the satellite are consistent with ...
По общему признанию
The screer is acknowledged to be among (or is recognized to be one of) the most efficient devices available.
По общему согласию
Q5,570 years is the "accepted value" by common agreement.
По объёму
By volume, these layers make up 3 percent of the continental crust.
По обычаю [см. тж. По традиции]
The solvent term is by convention omitted.
По одному [см. тж. Один за другим]
Virtual gluons can be emitted singly.
The investigator can go on to test various cell components one at a time (or one by one) to determine just which are affected by the hormone.
По одному или партиями
Workpieces can be suspended from hooks or loaded into fixtures singly or in multiples.
По окончании
With these machining operations completed, the transfer arm was traversed away from the secondary turret.
After completing the check, connect the test coil and ...
On completion of the injection sequence, the guard is opened and the dies are separated. After completion of the working stroke ...
By the time the end of the wave is formed at the completion of the oscillation,...
At the close (or conclusion) of synthesis, long continuous DNA molecules are the end product.
По определению
The speed ratio of a belt drive is, by definition, the ratio of the angular speed of ...
p-Aminophenol reacts with both acids and bases, and is therefore amphoteric by definition.
По опыту
We know from experience that...
По орбите [см. тж. Двигаться но орбите, Полёт по орбите]
The space station continually travels in an orbit about the Earth. The vehicle was travelling on the Earth's
orbit.
По оси [см. тж. Откладывать на (или по) оси] |
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По оси [см. тж. Откладывать на (или по) оси]
This causes measurable expansion along the с axis.
По основанию [см. Логарифм числа по основанию].
По отношению к [см. тж. Вогнутый по отношению к, Инертный по отношению к, Относительно, Реактивный по отношению к]
Substituents para to the displaced group provide ...
This result allowed determination of the apparent velocity of any small section of the wave in reference to the velocity of the stable section.
The skip is positioned at the correct loading point in relation to the chute. The placement of the transducer relative to the site to be irradiated ...
Specific gravity relative to air ...
The fluid is at rest relative to a contact discontinuity. The voltages are with reference to the chassis.
The instrument indicates the tilt of the aircraft with reference to the horizon.
The position of the film curve with relation to the curves for component parts may be explained by the fact that...
Care should be taken to set the throttle valve in the correct position with (or in) respect to the pressure governor spindle.
If the solution is now made 0.2 M with respect to sodium chloride,...
The metal is positively charged with respect to the solution.
По оценкам [см. По приближённым оценкам].
По очереди [см. тж. Один за другим, Поочерёдно]
There are 130 lines which must make use of this network in turn.
По памяти
Answer from memory.
По периметру
Four recording heads are mounted around the periphery (or circumference) of a drum. Wall panels have been installed along the perimeter of each floor.
По поверхности [см. тж. Двигаться по поверхности]
Mass transfer over the entire plate surface is observed.
По поводу [см. тж. В отношении, Относительно]
There was much speculation as to the origin of...
По поводу того
Before a conclusion can be reached on whether or not this province has always been a part of ...
По понятной причине
Those deposits have not been explored, and for good reason.
По порядку
If you number the carbon atoms of the hexagon in order, then ...
По порядку важности это:
At present the water existing on the Earth is distributed in three separate reservoirs; in order of importance they are the oceans, the continents and the atmosphere.
По последним измерениям
The equatorial diameter of Neptune is about 28,000 miles at latest measurement.
По последним подсчётам |
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По последним подсчётам
A considerable number of gene loci (79 at the last count) have now been definitely assigned to the X chromosome.
По построению
By the construction of ψ, any element is...
По праву [см. Завоёвывать принадлежащее ему по праву место].
По приближённым оценкам
Most large reservoirs behind big dams have an estimated useful life of a century or two.
По приблизительным подсчётам
An estimated 455,000 cu km of water evaporates annually from the ocean surface.
По прибытии на
On arrival at the roasting plant, coffee beans are blended to achieve ...
По привычке
Many of the trivial terms are still used through habit.
По принципу
These fields are constructed on the model of electromagnetism.
The device operates on the same principle as the electron-positron rings.
By the same token, for any operation that can be applied to a pair of operands there is a corresponding ...
По причине [см. тж. Благодаря, В результате, Ввиду, Вследствие, Из-за]
This assumption can be dismissed on two counts.
For this reason a rapid-scan spectrometer is essential.
The destruction of the insulation by reason of static discharges ...
По причине, не зависящей от
In some cases random error occurs for reasons beyond the control of the experimenter.
По программе [см. Действовать в соответствии с программой, Изменяться в соответствии с программой].
По проектам
We build such machines to our designs.
По протяжённости
A plane wave is infinite in extent.
По прошествии... лет
When ten years have elapsed (or After a lapse of ten years) the fuel cost will...
По прошествии некоторого времени [см. По истечении некоторого времени].
По прямой [см. тж. Двигаться по прямой, Перегибаться по прямой]
The particle moves as a crow flies (соl.).
The chain pitch is measured on a straight line between the centres of adjacent pins. The satellite model was moving in a straight line over a stationary Earth.
The particle moves in (or along) a straight line.
По радиусу [см. тж. Загибать по радиусу, Расстояние по радиусу]
Each set is made up of six valves arranged on a radius round the centre.
По различным причинам [см. По разным причинам]. |
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По различным причинам [см. По разным причинам].
По размерам I
Air classifiers are used to separate particles by size.
The particles differ in size.
The particles are sorted out by sizes.
По размерам II
The grooves are machined to the dimensions given in Fig. 3.
По размеру
The tubes are cut to length.
The ram is accurately machined and ground to size.
The material is drilled and punched to suit the size of the rivet.
По разному
The coat is constructed of identical molecules, variously called subunits or cap-somers.
По разным причинам
For a variety of reasons (or For various reasons), this involved a number of invalid assumptions.
По распространённости
Barium is eighteenth in abundance in the Earth's crust. The ninth most abundant element is titanium.
По реакции [см. тж. Путём реакции]
The free arsenic sublimes according to (or in accordance with) the reaction 4FeAsS+ ...
This compound was obtained by the Grigard reaction.
По ряду причин
This terminology can be confusing for a number (or a variety, or several, or a diversity) of reasons.
По ряду пунктов
Although the fission hypothesis seems satisfactory on a number of counts, there are strong objections.
По самым скромным подсчётам
By the most conservative estimate, continental crust has existed for ...
По своей конструкции
The connectors are coaxial in construction (or design).
По своей массе
Jupiter is far larger in mass than the Moon is.
По своей природе [см. тж. По своему характеру]
This situation is strongly contrasted with that in nuclear fission, which by its (very) nature must produce ...
The charge-coupled device is basically analogous in nature.
The generation of turbulence is random in nature (or in character).
In that case you might better consider some of the newer controllers, which inherently possess a high degree of flexibility.
Row В by its nature cannot distort ...
Optical processors are inherently two-dimensional and parallel.
По своей структуре |
585(996) |
По своей структуре
Both belts are homogeneous in structure (or structurally).
По своей функции
This form of mRNA is not really messenger in function but may play some other role in the cell
(biol.).
По своему желанию
They applied patterns of light to the silicon film and changed its conductivity at will.
По своему составу
These rocks are compositionally equivalent to the familiar rock types.
По своему характеру [см. тж. По своей природе]
Field effect transistors are more similar in concept(ion) to the thermionic valve than bipolar transistors.
The proximate analysis is empirical in character.
The most direct and conceptually simple way to describe...
По своим масштабам
The device is similar to the ISR in conception but much larger in scale.
По свойствам и составу
In properties and composition the A-31 system is quite similar to ...
По сезонам [см. Распределение по сезонам].
По системе
For small units without a circulatory lubricating system, the oil is often treated on the batch system.
По склону [см. Вниз по склону, Стекать по склону]. По скорости [см. Взвешенный по скорости].
По скромной оценке
According to a conservative estimate,...
По совпадению
The Sun has an overall dipole field of about one gauss; by coincidence this is about the same as the Earth's field.
По современным нормам (или понятиям) [см. тж. Согласно современным взглядам]
The first computers were crude and very expensive by today's (or present) standards.
По соображениям
Gamma sources will be preferred for technical reasons.
For given conditions three-bladed propellers are better from considerations of efficiency than fourbladed ones.
From technical considerations ...
По соображениям безопасности
For safety reasons (or For reasons of safety),...
По составу
The vapour is uniform in composition. The standards are similar in composition.
По состоянию на
Data are as of October 1, 1983.
По спектру
The photomultiplier moves across the spectrum.
По сравнению с [см. тж. Преимущество по сравнению с ]
The asteroid would then have a period of revolution of about six years as compared with (or to) Jupiter's period of twelve years.
The hopper machine gives a substantialincrease in loading rate as against the standard loader. These fuels are scarce (as) compared to (or with) coal.
The first part outlines the distinctive characteristics of nuclear as opposed to conventional fuel. Compared to conventional enamels, low-temperature enamels have proper resistance to ...
A reduction in width of the heads from standard can produce an increase in noise level. The variations are even smaller in (or by) comparison with (or to)...
Improvements on the original torches concern new types of heat elements. Roof bolts have several advantages over other methods of roof support. This is a very elaborate receiver greatly improved over ...
Relative to chemical methods of analysis, chromatographic methods have many unique features. Even by comparison with a white dwarf a neutron star is tiny.
The heat loss through the wall of the oven will be small in relation to the energy-delivery capability of the final control elements.
When compared to the copper wire in a cable, the cellular core is a poor conductor. This volume is small when compared to the volume in cans.
По сравнению с ... выглядит миниатюрно
The hypothetical shell of planetoids dwarfs the known Solar System (известная Солнечная система выглядит миниатюрно...).
По сравнению с ним
The four inner planets differ greatly from the four outer planets, which are giants by (or in) comparison.
По сути дела [см. тж. В принципе, По существу, Фактически]
Inorganic chemistry is properly a study of...
По существу [см. тж. В основном, В принципе, Фактически]
This method is conceptually identical with the one described in ...
At that time essentially nothing was known about...
The physics of Rydberg atoms is essentially the physics of hydrogen.
Composite propellants are essentially mixtures of an inorganic oxidizer and a fuel.
In essence (or In substance), bacterial metabolism is a model from which the results are likely to be applicable to plants and animals.
The adaptive principle consists in essence of three things:...
A demonstration of an optical bottle in air would in essence be a demonstration of optical levitation.
The radiation from the explosion zone is substantially black body radiation.
По существу представляет собой
This equipment amounts to a closed-circuit feedback system.
По существующей шкале
The accepted atomic weight of oxygen on the present scale is 159994+0.0001.
По тем же причинам
For similar reasons we do not discuss...
По тем же соображениям
By the same reasoning Uranus would be dimmer than Saturn.
By a similar argument, the number of odd integers is equal to the number of all integers.
По тем же соображениям, что и в отношении |
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По тем же соображениям, что и в отношении
By the same reasoning (or token) as for
the pure gas limit the flow is a backward-facing rarefaction wave.
По течению [см. Вверх по течению, Вниз и вверх по течению от].
По типу [см. Построен по типу. Происходить по типу, Разработан по типу].
По той же причине [см. тж. По тем же соображениям]
The laser beam has no mass and can be easily moved and controlled; by the same token (or for the same reason) it does not generate mechanical responses.
По той или иной причине
Such schemes will fail for any of several reasons (or for one reason or other).
По той причине, что
Mixtures of paint are known as subtractive mixtures for the reason that each paint absorbs ...
This version has been discarded on the grounds that it requires ...
По тому же принципу
The design of ... follows the same pattern.
По тому же принципу, что и при
The gas can be purified on the same lines as in the earlier preparation.
По точкам [см. тж. Измерение по точкам]
Recording the intensity of light point by point across the spectrum ...
По традиции [см. тж. По обычаю]
By convention, all thermodynamic state functions are represented by capital letters.
As a matter of convention, G is used to designate a transfer function in the forward loop.
По траектории
The missile is guided through space along its trajectory. The particle is moving in a circular path.
По требованию
This provides a means for calling upon the memory of a flip-flop on demand.
По трубе
The flow through a pipe ...
Liquid flowing in a pipeline ...
По уравнению [см. тж. По формуле] The Na2CO3 decomposes into CO2 and sodium hydroxide according to the (following) equation: ...
The lattice spacing is determined by (or using) Bragg's relation.
The surface concentration of paramagnetic oxide calculated by equation 7 is too large.
По фазе [см. тж. Модулированный но фазе, Сдвинут по фазе, Смещен по фазе]
The wave motion is different in phase from that of the primary waves incident on the medium.
По Фаренгейту
At 68 degrees Fahrenheit ...
По форме [см. тж. Изменяться по форме]
The punches are machined to the shape of the door panel. Equation (9.107) is identical in form to Eq. (9.106).
По форме и размеру
The aggregate produced should be cubical in shape (or form) and uniform in size.
They are of the same size and conformation.
По формуле [см. тж. По уравнению] |
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По формуле [см. тж. По уравнению]
It can be computed from the formula: ...
The thermal efficiency of the boiler is calculated with (or by) the (following) formula: ...
По химическому составу [см. Аналогичный по химическому составу].
По центру
Holes are drilled through the centres.
The discharge tube was placed through the centre of the slot.
По циклу
Turboprop engines work on the Brayton cycle.
По часовой стрелке, против часовой стрелки
Clockwise rotation of the shaft will move the paper in an anticlockwise (or counter-clockwise) direction.
The cylinder rotates clockwise, anti(or counter) clockwise.
По частям [см. Интегрирование по частям]. По шаблону [см. Резать по шаблону].
По ширине
The flow is not uniform across the width.
The value of lambda changes across the width of the band ...
По ширине и долготе
The location of an earthquake in latitude and longitude...
По шкале I
The angle through which the cell has turned is observed by the scales A and B. The critical angle is read off on the scales.
По шкале II
The hardness of amber is 2-2. 5 on Mohs' scale.
По шкале времени
On the time scale of atomic phenomena ...
По эллипсу
The interplanetary vehicle will proceed along an ellipse. The apparent positions of stars move in small ellipses.
По этим данным
On this evidence, a complete cycle might require 2000 to 4000 years.
По этой причине [см. тж. Вследствие этого, Поэтому]
Because of this [or For this reason, or That (or This) is why, or Therefore] the refraction method is known as "The First Arrival Method".
По этому вопросу
Information on this point will be very important.
There is little information on this subject [or matter, or problem, or score (Amer.)].
По этому принципу
Only a small percentage of all known metals have been investigated along these lines. The unit is designed on this principle.
Побережье [см. Недалеко от побережья]. |
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Побережье [см. Недалеко от побережья]. Поблизости [см. Близлежащий].
Побочное явление [см. тж. Давать побочные явления]
The extraction of petroleum may seem to have little impact on the land surface, but there are important undesirable side effects in some instances.
Побочный продукт
As an important by-product of the Bohr model...
Побочный эффект (или Побочное действие)
There were other side actions (or effects) as well.
Поведение [см. Вести себя нормально]
Поведение ионов
Many aspects of ionic behaviour in biochemical systems are still not fully understood.
Повернуть на один полный оборот
The motor turns all print wheels by one complete revolution.
Повернуть на угол
The analyzer must be rotated to the right 111° for a solution of glucose. The rollers swing the cases through
90 deg.
The conveyor may be swung 45° to either side of centre.
Повернуть на четверть оборота
Rotate the disk a quarter turn.
Поверхностная обработка
The surface finish of the TV cabinet was superb.
Surface treatment of the bearing ...
Поверхностное ознакомление [см. Беглое ознакомление]. Поверхностный осмотр [см. При поверхностном осмотре].
Поверхностный слой
A superficial oxide layer ...
Поверхность [см. Внешняя поверхность, Внутренняя поверхность, Двигаться по поверхности, На поверхности, Несущая поверхность, По поверхности].
Поверхность вращения
A surface of revolution.
Поверхность земли
About 70 per cent of the Earth's surface is covered by ...
Поверхность раздела [см. тж. На поверхности раздела]
An oil-metal interface ...
Поверхность склеивания
A bond area.
Поверхность соприкосновения
Поверхность твердого тела |
590(996) |
Поверхность твердого тела
If a particle comes in contact with a solid surface, ...
Повёрнут в направлении
The steering gear controls the direction toward which the front wheels are pointed.
Повёрнут одной стороной к
The Moon always presents one face to the Earth.
Both Mercury and Venus turn (or keep) one face eternally to the Sun and have no solar day.
Повёрнутый к
The Jupiter-facing hemisphere of Callisto seems to be ...
По-видимому [см. тж. Вероятно, По всей вероятности]
There appears to be little difference in the oxidation properties of ... and ...
The segment supposedly carried two genes. The oxidation is likely to be: R-S-H ...
The gases appear to be [or are apparently (or evidently)] insoluble in the polymer crystallites. It seems likely that a substantial correction for transpiration may be required.
These vessels presumably carry the secretory products of the cortical cells.
По-видимому есть основания утверждать, что
It seems reasonable to say that the problem has been resolved.
Повинен в
The flame atomization source is to be blamed for a high incidence of large, unvapourized particles in the analyte region.
Повлечь за собой [см. Влечь за собой].
Поворачивать [см. Вращать ..., Повернуть, Резко поворачивать].
Поворачивать за угол
This permits one wheel of the car to rotate faster than the other when turning a corner.
Поворачивать на ... градусов
The fixture is turned (or rotated) through 90 degrees by a swivelling unit.
Поворачивать на один полный оборот The disks are turned through one complete revolution for each operation.
Поворачиваться
The cutter is indexed (or turned) in steps of 90°.
Поворачиваться вверх
The curve turns up in the vicinity of the loading point.
Поворачиваться на ... градусов
When a compass point is rotated through 180°,...
Поворачиваться на угол
When the magnetic induction В is applied, the direction of current flow swings (or turns) through some angle due to the Lorentz force.
Поворачиваться под различными углами к
The workpiece can be presented to the machine at various angles.
