- •Стадульская н.А., Антипова л.А.,
- •Введение
- •Unit 1. Becoming a dentist
- •Part I. Speaking and vocabulary
- •Student’s life
- •Part II. Conversation
- •Case 1:
- •Case 2:
- •About myself
- •Vocabulary:
- •Part III. Reading
- •My future specialty. Dentistry active vocabulary of the text
- •Part IV. Listening
- •Part V. Writing
- •Writing a Dental Curriculum Vitae (cv)
- •Example. Profile.
- •Основные этапы аннотированного перевода:
- •Dental education in russia and abroad
- •Part VII. Grammar
- •(Иметь)
- •Present simple active
- •Past simple active
- •Future simple active
- •Имя существительное (noun)
- •Артикль
- •Неопределенный артикль (Indefinite Article)
- •Определенный артикль (Definite Article)
- •Нулевой артикль (Zero Article)
- •Имя прилагательное (adjective)
- •Степени сравнения прилагательных
- •2. Многосложные
- •3. Исключения
- •Числительное (the numeral)
- •Part VIII. Project
- •Part IX. Test yourself
- •1. Put the verb into a right form:
- •2. Fill in the correct article.
- •3. Fill in the correct form of the verb “to be”.
- •3. Fill in the correct form of the verb “have”.
- •4. Translate the following words and phrases:
- •Unit 2. Major organ systems
- •Part I. Speaking and vocabulary
- •Breathing and the respiratory system
- •Part II. Conversation
- •Case 2:
- •Case 1:
- •Dialogue
- •Part III. Reading
- •How the body works? active vocabulary of the text
- •Part IV. Listening
- •Body Systems Rap
- •Part V. Writing
- •Образец делового письма
- •Part VI. Translation
- •Blood and the heart
- •Part VII. Grammar
- •Наречие (adverb)
- •II. Правила правописания
- •V. У некоторых наречий есть степени сравнения
- •Местоимения (pronouns)
- •Предлоги (prepositions)
- •Prepositions
- •1. Предлоги времени (prepositions of time):
- •Устойчивые словосочетания с предлогами времени:
- •2. Предлоги места (prepositions of place)
- •3. Предлоги направления (movement prepositions)
- •Continuous tenses active (времена группы continuous)
- •Present continuous active (настоящее длительное время)
- •Утвердительная форма
- •Past continuous active (прошедшее длительное время)
- •Утвердительная форма
- •Future continuous active (будущее длительное время)
- •Утвердительное предложение
- •Part VIII. Project
- •Part IX. Test yourself
- •1. Put the verb into the correct form, Present Continuous or Present Simple.
- •2. Put the verb into the correct form, Past Continuous or Past Simple.
- •3. Complete the sentences:
- •Unit 3. Human teeth
- •Part I. Speaking and vocabulary
- •Part II. Conversation
- •Case 2:
- •Case 1:
- •Dialogue
- •Part III. Reading
- •Exercise 9: Study Active Vocabulary of the text “Tooth Infection Signs And Symptoms” and read it: active vocabulary of the text
- •Tooth infection signs and symptoms
- •What type of dentist do I need?
- •Part IV. Listening
- •Exercise 12: Listen to the “Learn About the Teeth”
- •Part V. Writing
- •Part VI. Translation
- •Фирменные названия (brandnames / trademarks)
- •Branded and generic medicines
- •2. What is the main idea of the text?
- •Part VII. Grammar perfect active
- •The present perfect tense
- •Слова-спутники:
- •The past perfect tense
- •The future perfect tense
- •Способы словообразования в английском языке
- •Modal verbs
- •В группу модальных глаголов входят:
- •Part VIII. Project
- •Part IX. Test yourself
- •Unit 4. Dental care
- •Part I. Speaking and vocabulary
- •Label the Teeth
- •Types of dental fillings
- •Mercury-free dentistry
- •Part II. Conversation Useful phrases: Reservation. Conference.
- •Case 1:
- •Case 2:
- •Dialogue arrange a conference
- •Conference requirements
- •Part III. Reading
- •Basics of oral health active vocabulary of the text
- •Part IV. Listening
- •Black teeth
- •Part V. Writing
- •A contract
- •Four Common Types of Business contracts.
- •Never work without a business contract!
- •Contract of employment
- •Part VI. Translation Многозначность лексики, полисемия
- •Are bad teeth hereditary?
- •Part VII. Grammar
- •The passive voice
- •Types of questions
- •Impersonal sentences
- •Part VIII. Project
- •Part IX. Test yourself
- •1. Transform the following sentences into Passive Voice.
- •2. Correct mistakes
- •3. Continue following sentences and translate them:
- •3. Complete the sentences:
- •4. Fill in this Contract my english learning contract
- •Appendix Unit 1. Becoming a Dentist text 1. What's a typical workday like for a dentist?
- •Text 2. Top 9 dental problems
- •1. Bad Breath
- •2. Tooth Decay
- •Unit 2. Major Organ Systems text 1. Human digestive system
- •Text 2. Integumentary system organs
- •Integumentary System Functions
- •Unit 3. Human Teeth text 1. What is oral hygiene
- •The Risks of Poor Oral Hygiene
- •How Important is Good Oral Hygiene
- •Oral Hygiene Methods
- •Tooth Brushing
- •Teeth Flossing
- •Other Interdental Cleaning Tools
- •Mouthwash
- •Text 2. Antibiotics and gum disease
- •How antimicrobial treatment of gum disease works?
- •Types of antimicrobial treatment for gum disease
- •Antibacterial toothpaste
- •Periostat (Doxycycline)
- •Follow-up on antibiotic treatments of gum disease
- •Risks of antibiotic treatments of gum disease
- •Unit 4. Dental Care text 1. How to become a dental hygienist
- •Text 2. Mini dental implants vs. Traditional dental implants
- •Dentistry english
Teeth Flossing
The use of dental floss is important for the cleaning of the areas between teeth (interdental cleaning) and under the gum line. These are areas where the toothbrush bristles can't reach and clean. For this reason we have to floss our teeth at least once a day in addition to toothbrushing.
Other Interdental Cleaning Tools
In addition to dental floss we can use other interdental cleaning tools such as small interdental brushes or devices like WaterPik. These are especially useful for patients with dental bridges, tooth implants or dental braces.
Mouthwash
Mouthwashes or mouthrinses can be used complementary of brushing and flossing. Although their most common use is for freshening the breath, some contain fluoride and antimicrobial agents to increase teeth protection. In any case, it must be clear that the use of mouthwashes can NOT substitute regular brushing and flossing of teeth.
Text 2. Antibiotics and gum disease
Antimicrobial treatment is a non-surgical periodontal disease treatment, commonly used to fight gum disease by either inhibiting bacterial growth or/and by killing harmful bacteria. Antiseptics which stop the growth of bacterial plaque are usually used as a preventative measure to reduce the risk of developing periodontal disease or treating early stages of gingivitis. Antibiotics which kill bacteria are prescribed by dentists for the treatment of dental abscesses and periodontitis, the most severe form of gum disease.
How antimicrobial treatment of gum disease works?
Gum disease is caused by the action of dental plaque bacteria. The toxins produced by bacteria cause initially the inflammation of the gums and, if not treated, the infection of periodontal tissues results in loss of bone and connective tissues that keep teeth in place and finally in tooth loss. The purpose of antimicrobial treatment is to decrease the amount of bacteria in the mouth that cause periodontal disease.
Antiseptics which are mainly used for prevention and mild gingivitis have bacteriostatic action. They suppress the metabolism of bacteria cells inhibiting or slowing down the growth of dental plaque. Antibiotics have bactericidal action; they work by killing bacteria. Antibiotic therapy is used for the treatment of advanced periodontitis.
However, antimicrobial therapy alone is not enough for eliminating dental plaque or treating gum disease. The preventive action of antiseptics is effective only if combined with daily oral hygiene. Antibiotics can not provide treatment of periodontal disease unless used in conjunction with tooth scaling and root planing and/or surgical gum disease treatments. They are also prescribed for acute types of periodontal disease such as aggressive juvenile periodontitis and acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG).
Types of antimicrobial treatment for gum disease
Dentists prescribe or use different types of antibacterial therapy depending on the type and stage of gum disease. Antimicrobial medications may be topically applied to a specific area of the mouth, taken internally as a pill or a liquid, or applied in the form of a toothpaste or a mouth rinse.
The type of antibiotic treatment that is more suitable for each case depends upon the types of bacteria in the patient’s mouth. For this reason, sometimes a dentist may take a sample from the infected area and send it to a lab in order to determine the exact type of the harmful bacteria and prescribe the most effective antibiotic for the treatment of periodontal disease.
Different forms of antimicrobial medications include: