2. What is the main idea of the text?
a) The generic name is the official medical name for the active ingredient of the medicine.
b) Generic medicines are cheaper than brand-name medicines
c) Pharmacist must differentiate generic medicines from brand-name medicines
Part VII. Grammar perfect active
-
to have + Participle II
The present perfect tense
|
Утвердительная форма |
Отрицательная форма |
Вопросительная форма |
|
I have worked He has worked She has worked It has worked We have worked You have worked They have worked |
I have not worked He has not worked She has not worked It has not worked We have not worked You have not worked They have not worked |
Have I worked? Has he worked? Has she worked? Has it worked? Have we worked? Have you worked? Have they worked? |
Мы используем:
I. Когда мы говорим о прошедших действиях и хотим подчеркнуть их ВАЖНОСТЬ в настоящем, а не ВРЕМЯ, когда они произошли.
e.g. We have cleaned the house. The house is cleaned now.
Мы убрали в доме. Дом чистый сейчас.
( Неважно, когда мы убрали дом, главное, что он чистый.)
II. Когда мы говорим о действиях, завершившихся в неистекший период времени.
Today – сегодня
This week – на этой неделе
This month – в этом месяце
e.g. What have you done this month? -Что вы сделали в этом месяце?
III. Когда мы говорим о действиях, которые начались в прошлом и продолжаются в настоящем.
Since – с
For – в течение
e.g. Helen has played the piano since she was 5. - Хелен играет на пианино с 5 лет.
IV. Когда мы говорим о действиях, которые произошли только что, когда-либо, уже или не происходили никогда.
e.g. I have already watered the flowers.-Я уже полил цветы.
Слова-спутники:
Ever – когда-либо
Never – никогда
Just – только что
Before – раньше, прежде
Already – уже
Yet – ещё, уже (в отрицательных и вопросительных предложениях)
e.g. Have you ever been to the USA?
No, I have never been to the USA.
Exercise 19. Put the verb in brackets into the Present Perfect Tense.
1. I (to eat) my breakfast. 2. We (to drink) water. 3. He (to bring) them some meat and vegetables. 4. You (to put) the dishes on the table. 5. They (to have) tea. 6. She (to take) the dirty plates from the table. 7. The children (to put) on their coats. 8. The pupils (to write) a dictation. 9. My friend (to help) me to solve a difficult problem. 10. I (to learn) a poem. 11. She (to tell) them an interesting story. 12. Kate (to sweep) the floor. 13. The waiter (to put) a bottle of lemonade in front of him. 14. Susan (to make) a new dress for her birthday party. 15. She (to open) a box of chocolates.
Exercise 20. Open the brackets using Present Perfect Tense. Make negative and interrogative sentences.
1. We have just (to talk) about it.
2. He has just (to say) something about it.
3. He has (to tell) us nothing about it.
4. She has (to tell) them some stories about dogs.
5. We have (to have) two lessons today.
6. She has not (to speak) yet.
7. They have (to ask) me several questions.
8. He has already (to learn) the rule.
9. Have you (to read) any stories by Jack London?
10. Who has (to write) this article?
11. We have already (to learn) a lot of English words.
12. Who has (to teach) you to do it?
13. He has just (to do) something for us.
14. Have you (to find) the book?