Том 4
.pdf55
!$ "* !
— . . ., =.7. > 1— . . ., . . '
. . , ! .; ! . . . 7 , . . . ( % «# »)
< #8 @=# " " C $/ $# 8 > " $"- > "#& > "! 8 # "! 8 ? %# @ "$= > $, > " > " D # " A8$# # " # " & > A!!# # >, $& > & "! 8-" > " #/, # $8 $#8 #8> "! 8 8, >$" 8>8 " = 8 . & D # % # " $" >? #8 % ? $? > 8 8 # " # 8 & / "- ! 8 , # > @=# " ? " # " 8 > " #/ 8 C #-$.
' / ? $& C " $ " , " >/ $#8- ## $# #$ &* " # 8 C # / # A& # " / $/. ' " " / 8 $& > ?=# $# #$> $" # " 8 % 8 = # "! 8 [1] # &C # 8> ! 8# # A # & / A& #- " / $# $ $# #$ &* " #.
& " " # D# " # $> #8 $ " "#&- >8# "! 8 8# ?>& 8 #%# $C 88 EMTLab, % ? ! ' . " 8 &* "#& C - "! 8 ?>& % %> C++. &* #8 # ?>- & & % ## &C # 8 " " # D C #8 $ " / >8# A& 8 8# [2].
" " # > > 8 C # / "#" 8> "!- 8 `-167000/500/220 ?> $& > $8 > C 8 C #- / # A& # " / " 8> % 8 = # . % &* > " $" > -! % / " 8 & "! 8 #8 & " C "$" & "* " % &* 8# A "$#8 . < " &* % # "- / 8 C # " # 8 C #$ A "$#8 ?> #% "- >, ? "$# " #8 " # " > # A "$#8 &* > " #&&- C 88 " = " & & "* $? 8 " C % # " / 8 C-
311
# " #. < # $& > % # " / # ## ?&@- & "* * D "$# % &* .
< & >/ ? $ # C $C 88 % # & @- " " / & % ? # 8 # " # % #/ $ " &@- # "#& > "! 8 $# $# ## $" > " 8.
0 +
1.0 & 0. ., ' % . . E 8> % 8 = # 8 C ?8 > "!- 8 . .: C# , 1974.
2.Dommel H.W. An Algorithm for Finding the Steady State Solution of Electric Networks // Transmission & Distribution Conference and Exposition: Latin America, 2006.
312
'. . , ! .; ! . .". 0 , . . ., . . . ( % «# »)
/ #% $?& 8 !#%# # 8 & ## # 8 & # % =# > & " "- " # C $" & # 8, # % > $""> $ $& % > ?& " / C % C ?& . % > $""> C % 8 ?& "$ A& 8 C # #%& # , 8$- 8 > # "$&* > #" # # C " % > " # 8 # #" # 8# % . 8 "& # * " / & & / # C " # # # # #!# ## % 8 & ##.
& $& # "$&* > #" # % # C A&- 8 C # C #%& # #"$&*% @ " / & >/ # • *-% [1]. Š ?> $"& # * A &@ #@ " # C "#C & # $& # * "--8 $" & # "#C & , $% & # * #%8- # "$ "#C & 8 #, #"$&*% " / & $? % # . ' / ? & $" # / & > "$ % #% ?& % C A % & #"$&*% " / & & (1):
3(t) |
1 |
ei |
2 |
te t2 /2 , |
|
|
T |
(1) |
|||||
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
C T — $# " #&& #/, $& @=#/ 8 "#8 &* % # - " >, @ 8 ? # *.
' / & >/ % " #&& C 88 % $% & & % > ! 8 % &* % > > " > #$% >, # > # "# " # "#C & . & " = C % 8 "#8 &* > > " > #"* #$% 28—68 . & #"- = C % 8 "#8 &* > > " > $>D 300 . & " > % # ?> #$% 52 120 .
" & $# " # $8 $ $# &* " %* 8 8- "#8 &* / #% / #8$&*" C& C % / ! 8> # 8 "#8 &* / / " /, $& @= /" / & 8 "$ -" #&& C 88> : 8 ?>" " & $# C& 8 % , 8 ? & >" # " > $& "* C "$.
& C# # " & & "$&* > #" # A& 8 C # C #%& # % , #%8 C /.
0 +
1. $ . ., ! . ., ( ! . ., * @. . ""& # - #" # #" C % 8 #" "" >8 ?& 8 % C - C A % & # % 8& / //U •. 2005. .75. | 7.
313
0.2. ! , ! .; ! . . . ?! , . . ., . ( " %, *. )
! ,
'8$"# > " 6—10 ' D# $#8 # $& # % =# > ! % > % 8> #/ % 8&@ ( FF), " > #"$&*-
% ## >"D# C 8 # (' ) & / $"& &* " # 3I0. & % > % =# &* / % / & " 8# #8 &* C' ! % > $# # FF, $& @= C # " #- &* " *. < # 8# #8 &* C ' $# # > * &* ' , C # 8> "! 8 8# [1].
'? '. . #" # # .E. #? # [1, 2] & # "$ ' , C # 8 C "! 8 8#, $& #"$&*% * $$"#8-
#@ # / 8 C # # # , # # @ $#8 # #- " # 8 D # % #, $ 8 8 # $ m . • & >/
%, >$& >/ " #"$&*% # 8 8 # ' "#" 8 Matlab, $% &, "$ ' , C # 8> "! 8 8#, " =- " % #"# " # $$"#8 ## # / 8 C # # # . E # "$ ' , C # 8> 8 & 8# "! 8 , ?- @=# &* @ # @ 8 C # # # C / # &- / A& # " # " & / ( 42 # 330), # 8 & 8#, #"$&*% @- =#8# % > # $$"#8 ## # / 8 C # # # - % > " & /, $% & , #? & @ "$ $- $"#8 # # 8 # B arctg( H ) 4H m .
" A / $$"#8 ## % ? > 8 8 # " # 8 $#- @=# "#& > "! 8 #$ , # ` " >"D#8$# 8 220—110 ' 8 = " *@ 10—80 ' # " > "! 8-#$ # EF $# 8 6—10 ' 8 = " *@ 250—2500 ' , # " 8> % 8 = # ! 8 A # & > #" # ' , 8 #$& # $8 #" # ' (8 & /, ! %).
% ? > 8 # A # & > " 8> % 8 = # "! 8-#"$&*% > & # 8# #8 &* C ' ! % >$# # FF " 6—10 '.
0 +
1.* . . " 8# #8 &* C >"D# C 8 # $# ! %- > % 8> # % 8&@ " " #% / # 8$"# / /- &*@ // . ' . '>$. 26. ? > ?& " # & / / % =# > # 8 # #. — .: C# , 1966. — E. 89—105.
2.0 . . '>"D# C 8 # #, C # 8> "! 8 8#. .: C 8#% , 1962.
314
0. $. " , ! .; ! . .". 0 , . . ., ., ( % «# »)
#
" & , ? &*D# " $ $#/ 8 & ## ?\ $D- " % # # " % 8 C ?\ " C " = C . E- 8 > 8 > " 8 & # % =# > ?\ " C& C ! #"$&*% @ %8 " * % # # " > " ?\ . " ?>/ # " $" & @ #""& # " #"$&*% # 8 #" "" > "#&* % > ?& C A % & "& #/ %- # # # % # # " =# , > " = " $#- ? @ !#%# " 8 # $"" $# 8 & # / % 8- > ?\ &* / C % / ?" .
"$#8 &* > #""& # $% , $8 «%-?& — ?\ > $& " " #» %8 % # % > # ! 8# # % " " # 8 " = C , > 8 C ?> * >8# & $""
$# 8 & # / ?\ [1]. "$#8 &* / , -
" * ! 8# # " = C -" % % 8& C " C A&-$& % C ?& " =- " % " & , C # " # #%- > C D# > $>D & 10 88. < # # " # #% > D# > 8 8 & # 8 0,7 "8 ?&@ " % #/ " " # $# 8- ?\ % 8 #% ?& ( #". 1).
/ " = " # - # " # #% > D# > ?\ # 8 & # " * $ - # 8 ?\ % 8 #% ?&
% C A % & . '> & $#8 &* >/ #$% # " # #%- > D# > " C 8 & # ( 2,0 4,0 "8), $# > ? "$# @ " & D# "& # & " .
0 +
1. Investigation of compacted and extended objects lightning protection effectiveness on models using artificial clouds of charged water aerosol. Proc. of the 31st Inter. Conf. on Lightning Protection / A.G. Temnikov, L.L. Chernensky, A.V. Orlov at el. Vienna, Austria, 2012. . 123.
315
. . " , ! .; . 7 ! , .; ! . . . $, . . ., . ( % «# »)
< "$# >8 $& # 8 #""& #/ ?& " # >" &*- > A& & C#/ & " $#8 # $& %8> $" C #- A& # " C ? * C % " A!! # C #" # % > " # [1]. C &* / #" # / " " @= / > % > " # $# $" 8 % & " , >- C# 8>/ #% ?& " # $& %8>, # $@=#/ $# "$& C$& %8 / A& .
' A / ? A "$#8 &* #""& "* % #"#8 " # > C#- 8 C % # > C# @= C $# , & "$# $# @= C $& %8 C # @=#/ A& (5 # 14 ) # &% > 8 # & #A& # " C ? * : E' < ( %- ? E ) # 8# # 8 # -16 ( « 8# »).
"$#8 > $ #%8 #@ > C# 8 C $#"* C- 8 # 8 $& %8 #8# " 8 $# "" ## > C# @= C A& 10 88. '" A "$#8 > $#"* " 8 % $# " 1 &/8# . % &* > #%8 #/ $# > #". 1.
|
90 |
MT-16 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
80 |
SVMPE |
|
|
|
|
|
MT-16 5 kHz |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
70 |
SVMPE 5kHz |
|
|
|
|
|
60 |
|
|
|
|
|
56&7 |
50 |
|
|
|
|
|
40 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
30 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
U,kV
. 1. $ ) #$# ) # F^ # G ! -! *- )= * $! "
0 +
1. ! . ., . . & !#%# " # $""> C % / #%- & ##. .: % &*" #/ 8 , 2008.
316
. . "! , .; !- .". 0 , . . ., .; .3. $ !* , . . ., . ( % «# »)
E 8 > 8 > " 8 & # % =# > ?\ " C&- C ! #"$&*% @ %8 " * % # # " >
"?\ . & # ?\ , % >- # $ $" > % # , "- # # " #, # ? &*D# " " &* > $#%- " > ?\ , ? #8 D * 8 " &* % #8- " % > % : 1) % =# $8> 8 & ## # ? > $ - > #/ " 8 %8 " # ? % # ?\ % >$" > ?& " /; 2) % =# % # # $" > #" #/ ?\ $# $8> # " > 8 & ## "#" 8 8 & # % =# >.
% " , % # #@ " = C " ?\ $D- " $& # C % , $ > " #8- @ "$>D . & % >$" C ?\ " # # # % #- # " =# % ? #8 > * # #/ % # # " #8 / >, % # # 8 $# # * %C- #@ # % > . & A!! # " # 8 & # % =# > ? #8 ""8 #- * &* "$" # " = C # C % #8 /" #
"#" =#8 8 8 & ##, "& # % # # "- C # "& # C "$D C % # # .
" > & ? > #""& #/ # # # " C "8>"& # ? $%# > " &* # # % #- # " =# % , > 8 C #"$&*% *" " A!-
! # " # 8 & # % =# >: % > ”Q = 1 8 & [1,2]; $ - " * A& # " C $& E = 4—5 '/"8 [2]; % " * $# & " 1 8 ?%# D# > ?\ U = 400—500 ' [3].
! " -( + 14.132.21.1803).
0 +
1.Becerra M. and Cooray V. A simplified physical model to determine the lightning upward connecting leader inception, IEEE Trans. Power Del. 2006. V. 21. | 2.
2.Farouk A.M. Rizk Modeling of Proximity Effect on Positive Leader Inception and Breakdown of Long Air Gaps IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY. 2009. V. 24. N 4. . 2311—2318.
3.(-! ?. ., &- @.'. •#%# 8 & ## # 8 & # % =# >. .: •#%8- , 2001. 319 ".
317
. . 3 , .; ! . . . ?! , . . ., . ( " %, *. )
E 8 > 8#$"" > #!! # &* > % =# > #/ A&$# ( F ) ?& @ " >" #8# $% & 8# - " # &* " # # ?>" /" # [1].
C # # * A # $% 8 C " &* $# # , $#8 , ? " 8 C # # @= C "#& > "! 8 , 8 " >/ #/
# . . #% #? & "& > $?& 8 — # % 8> # ( F) % ? &*D $ "$# & # , ($# "& ## "- / " # &* " #) " # ?>" /" # F [2].
'>? 8 8 & C % # " # $ - C % #" # # " ? > # F $& " " # #!! # &* C # - 8 % C ? "$# " >" -
Idn " # &* " * #8 #8 % 8>- # 8 % $ "$# & # .$>/ $"" $# # F $ 8 & , 8 $# 8 &- " # F.
D# * @ $?& 8 $& C-
n#"$&*% # 8 "$# &* / "$# F ,
. 1. X LL % !" )& |
C# @= / #!! # &* >/ |
) / = #$ |
>"D# C 8 # . < # D # F, # & |
+$ |
?> / F , #!! # &* >/ >"- |
|
D# C 8 # ?% 0, $# # — % # &* % " ( #". 1). % # " ## >"D# C 8 # $ 8 % =#- = 8 / ## % # #%-% C , " / #% " % =#= 8 / - ## $#" # % $#$& / " > #%8 # ! 8> . #8 ? % 8, $& # &* "$* " = " & "- >/ &* ! 8> " % =#= 8 / <.
"$* ? "$# >" @ " # &* " * F % ? &*D $ "$# & # # >" ?>" /" # # 8 #"$&*% *" " $& # &* / " @= / "$# #!!- # &* > % =# #/.
0 +
1.Kasztenny B., Benmouyal G., Altuve H.J., and Fischer N. Tutorial on Operating Characteristics of Microprocessor-Based Multiterminal Line Current Differential Relays, proceedings of the 38th Annual Western Protective Relay Conference, Spokane, WA, October 2011.
2.Roberts J., Tziouvaras D., Benmouyal G., and Altuve H.J. The Effect of Multiprinciple Line Protection on Dependability and Security, proceedings of the 55th Annual Georgia Tech Protective Relaying Conference, Atlanta, GA, May 2001.
318
. . 9!1 , ! .; ! . &. . # , . . ( % «# »)
!
< # $# ## #% & ## "#& > "! 8 " # % " #8$&*" > $ $#/, % /" @=# " # $ - &* / #% & ##. E A / &*@ $/ $# "! 8 > % #"$&*% " "$# %# $C 88 ? "$# . ' " #8 @=# " " C D #/ * $C 88 C % /- " # #8$&*" #"$> &* C $# % " # # &* C #" # E, $# A 8 # > " " #" # C C "$# & # .
% ? > ! ' 8$*@ > $C 88> # EMTLab $% & @ >$& # * / " " 8 !#C ## #"$>- &* / " # # 8 " 8>8 $8 C @ " & * > $#8 #8- " # #"$&*% 8 C $/ $# $ #, " ? , %- # @= C $# &* > #"$> # >? " #8$&*" $# . 8 #$# % &* #8$&*" > #"$> #/ " 8 >? " ! 8 #8$&*" C #"$> &* C % /" # " C &- " $8 8 #" ""## $# % ? > #/ E 1516.2 # " [1] $ >" &* >8 #"$> # 8.
& >$& # #"& > " ?>& 8 #!# # $C 88 EMTLab, $% & $" # " > &* & $& C , # & " % C C % C #8$&*" . % &* > " $#, &@ # " 8 % 8 = # % C # # " # $#- " # # $# # $& #@ # > #"$> &* > $#/ >? " . # & > $8 > #"$> &* C #8$&*" $&- "* $" " 8 "$# &* / $> C #"& / ? ? # "- " ## " [1]. A!!# # > %$" , $& > " $8 =*@ %- / " 8> 8 # #"$> #/, % 8 "* $&- > " 8 " # &* >8 #" # 8. & 10%-C >? " # "- > A!!# # %$" " #C & 15—20 %, " # &*" ? #8 " # $"8 $# / [1] 8 # # ? ? # % &*-#"$> #/.
< & > % &* > #"$&*% @ " $# $C / ## E 1516.2 # " 60060-1.
0 +
1. IEC 60060-1:2010 High-voltage test techniques. — Part 1: General definitions and test requirements.
319
&. . $, ! .; ! . . . * 1, . . ., . ( % «# »)
!
E #8 >/ % " = " 8 C# >" &* > " /- " . & # " #8 — #" # # "#&* C A& # " C $& . ' 8 ? % @ " # > # &>, " @=# #8# " # #% , " /" & #" # % $#8 " / # . .
#8 #% $"" , $& @=# % # # " #8 C % % , & " ! # #% # C % #%& # 8 % [1]. •& C / " #8 C & $& @ " &* > A& >, ? #- 8> & "$" # $& C " #8 . "$" 8 " #8 8 #%& # % # # ? /D# " #8 [2].
" ? " * % # # $& > " #8 "#&* 8 A& # " 8 $& — # 8 C & # [3]. < A 8 % 8 $8 8 "$" " 8 " " #- 8 # # /. < # $& > "& # "" # 8 #8# 8 " * ? &*D#8, & %8 >8 8 " #8 % #8- /" # % " A& # " C $& # ! # #% ## [2].
! ' « » % ? 8 8 8 #- " 8 &* " #8 C % % [4] # % @= 8$*@-$C 88 . •>& >$& > #" &* >/ A "$#8 $ #%- #@ & # $& C " #8 8 A& #- " 8 $& . ' *# & "* $" * $& E0 (E0 = 50 100 '/"8) # &* "" # 8 8#.
< % %8 " * " # /, "$" @=# " $?%- " # C C . E # # C & % 8 & " $ 8 # &* C "" # 8 #8#. E = " $&* "" # , $# 8 ! # #% # = 8 ? "$# * " # /. ?% # 8 " #8 . % &* "$ " 8 #$% % #/ E0, 8 $#& "* 8 # .
0 +
1.€!- .(., % .U., -)= . . • # #% # "8 " / %-# #"& #%& # 8 C % C % // ' . 1982. .20. |3.
2.^ # .'., ( ! #! & . ., ! &% . ., - . .
' # ! # #% ## "$" # $& > " #8 % // ' " # . 2012. | 2.
3.?! L-* " > # # >" # $#/ / . . • # # .; $ ?=. . .<. ' = C# . .: % &*" #/ 8 , 2010.
4.( ! #! & . ., ^ # .'., U . . 8 8 8 #- " 8 &* " #8 C % % " 8 & # # ! # #% ##
//' " # . 2011. |3.
320
