I. Speaking: Obstetrics and Gynecology

Exercise 1. Practise the pronunciation of the following words.

Unreliable, threaten, wheel, vague, warning, premature, guess, sweatbox, whispering, gynecology, pause, nightmare.

Exercise 2. Learn the following fetus ['fi:tas] плід

gynecology [,gaini'kT)lod3i] гінекологія

ovum (pi. ova) - яйцеклітина

pelvis ['pelvis] таз

period ['pisriad] менструація

to miss a period (syn. to be overdue) -

мати затримку менструації pregnancy - вагітність pregnant - вагітна

signs of pregnancy - ознаки вагітності ectopic, or extrauterine pregnancy -

позаматкова вагітність reproduction - відтворення;

розмноження vagina [vo'djains] піхва birth [Ьз:0] народження childbirth - пологи to give birth to a child - народити

дитину

(child)birth pains - перейми a woman in childbirth - породілля deliver [di'livo] народжувати delivery (syn. labor ['leibs]) - пологи obstetrician [,Dbsti'triJn] акушер obstetrics [sb'stetriks] (syn. midwifery)

- акушерство midwife - акушерка

words and word combinations, onset ['onset] початок (хвороби, пологів) premature [prams'tjuo] передчасний;

недоношена дитина term [гз:т] термін, строк, певний період a full-term baby - доношена дитина newborn - новонароджений stillborn - мертвонароджений afterbirth - послід, плацента cesarian section [si'zeorion'sekjh] кесарів розтин birth activity - пологова діяльність conception - запліднення

fertility [f3:'tibti] здатність до відтворення потомства infertility - безпліддя gestation [dsa'steijh] період вагітності gestosis [dp'steozis] {syn. toxemia) токсикоз вагітних; гес гоз

maternity [тзЧз:пігі] материнство maternity home - пологовий будинок maternity leave - декретна відпустка miscarriage [mis'k£erid5] викидень to curette - вишкрібати кюреткою uterus [ juitsrss] (syn. womb [wu:m]) матка umbilical [лт'ЬіІікзІ] пупковий umbilical cord - пуповина to induce abortion - викликати викидень to perform abortion - робити аборт

Exercise 3. Pay attention that obstetricians can work at:

• a female (antenatal) department (жіноча консультація);

• a maternity home/hospital;

• a feldsher-midwife station (ФАП);

• prophylactic centers of large facilities (factories, plants, etc.).

Exercise 4. Read the necessary obstetrical terminology and translate it with a dictionary.

1. The fetal position is the correlation of separate parts of the fetus (the head, the trunk and the limbs).

2. The fetal position is also the relation of the fetal axis to the vertical axis of the uterus.

3. And it is also the position of the fetal back towards the sides of the uterus.

4. The fetal axis is the conventional line that goes from the back of the head to the coccyx.

5. The fetal presentation is the position of the fetus towards the plane of the pelvic entry.

6. The presenting part of the fetus is that part of it, which lies nearer to the small pelvic entry.

7. At a female department a midwife must be able to measure the sizes of the abdomen and the pelvis; to determine the term of pregnancy.

8. At a maternity home a midwife prepares the woman in childbirth to birth activity, manages the delivery, and provides all hygiene of the woman after labor.

Notes:

fetal position - положення плода в матці fetal presentation - передлежання плода presenting part of the fetus - передлегла частина плода fetal axis f'aeksis] вісь плода

Exercise 5. Make up sentences using the word combinations:

• the work of a midwife

• to give birth to a child

• a woman in labor

• at the maternity home

• to measure the sizes of the pelvis and abdomen

• to determine the term of pregnancy

Exercise 6. Read and translate the text using a dictionary.

a) During my midwifery practice in the 4* year I was called to a woman in labor. It was going to be my first case of delivery and I was very nervous. The door was opened by a thin girl of about five who took me upstairs to the room where the expectant mother was lying. I hoped to find a midwife there, the cool, experienced midwife that usually controlled all the students, but there was nobody. I was alone with my patient. I felt like an actor who forgot the words and found that the prompter (суфлер) had gone out for a drink.

"Nov/, Mother," I said cheerfully. "How many children do you have?" - "Five, Doctor," she answered.

Well, that was something. At least one of us knew a bit about childbirth. I wondered what to do.

b) "I think it's coming, Doctor!" she cried out between birth pains. I grasped her hand."You'll be all right in a minute," I said as confidently (впевнено) as possible. "Leave it tome."

I turned into the corner and looked as if 1 was waiting for the time to interfere. Out of my pocket 1 drew a small but valuable book in a red cover "The Student's Friend in Obstetrical Difficulties" by Sir Percy Cudlip. He was an old obstetrician and had no illusions about what students would find difficult. It started with "The Normal Delivery". The text was written in short numbered paragraphs, like a cookery book, і looked at the first page. "Sterility," it said. "The student must try to achieve sterile surroundings for the delivery and scrub up himself as for a surgical operation. If there are no sterile towels, newspapers may be used as they are often bacteria free."

c) Newspapers, that was it! There was a pile of them in the corner, and I scattered themover the floor and the bed. This was a common practice in the district and if Mr. Percy Cudlipknew how many babies were born yearly on the "Daily Herald", he would be most surprised.I put a bowl with hot water on the table, took some soap and brush from the bag and startedscrubbing.

"Oh, Doctor, Doctor!" cried the mother. "Calm down!" I said quietly. I went on scrubbing. The mother moaned. A cat which had not been removed, jumped in the middle of the newspapers and started tearing them with its claws (кігті).

d) Suddenly I became aware of a new note in the mother's cries - a higher weak noise. Idropped the soap and pulled down the blanket.

The baby was washed and put into a drawer (ящик) of a wardrobe that for a year was to be his cot. The mother was delighted and said she had never had such a comfortable delivery.

"Do you do a lot of babies, Doctor?" she asked. "Hundreds," I said. "Every day." "I'll call him after you, Doctor. I always call them after the doctor or the nurse."

I was very proud of the child. It was my first baby, born through my own skill and care. I had already forgotten that my single manoever in helping the delivery was pulling back the blanket.

(From Doctor in the House by R. Gordon) Exercise 7. Give English words meaning the following.

1) Afield of medicine that studies physiological and pathological processes associated withpregnancy, delivery and postnatal period;

2. a specialist that helps women during childbirth;

3. a woman that is having her baby;

4. a baby that is born before term;

5. a process of uniting a spermatozoon with an egg;

6. a baby that has just been born;

7. a chamber where premature babies are kept.

Exercise 8. Retell the text according to the plan.

1. Gordon appears in the house of a woman in labor.

2. Gordon reads the textbook.

3. His preparations for the delivery.

4. The happy end.

Exercise 9. Say whether these statemens are true or false.

1. Premature babies are always stillborn.

2. In the 19"' century most women gave birth to their children in maternity homes.

3. Abortions are harmless for a woman's health.

4. Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite are characteristic sings of early pregnancy.

5. In all cases when a woman misses her period, she must be considered pregnant.

6. Vaginal bleeding during early pregnancy is a true sign of a miscarriage.

7. If a woman is not able to conceive normally, artificial conception can help her.