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Теория рекламы (2).doc
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Evaluating the effectiveness of the advertising

There are a variety of reasons for testing the effectiveness of advertising, including measuring the achievement of advertising objectives, assessing the effectiveness of copy, illustrations or layout, or evaluating certain media.

Advertising can be evaluated before, during or after the campaign. Pretests are evaluations before the campaign. Pretests attempt to assess the effectiveness of one or more elements of the message. Marketers are sometimes a consumer jury to pretest advertisements. Jurors are asked to judge one or several dimensions of two or more advertisements. Such tests are based on the belief that consumers are more likely than advertising experts to know what will influence them.

A posttest is evaluation of advertising effectiveness after the campaign. Advertising objectives often indicate what kind of posttest will be appropriate. If an advertiser sets objectives in terms of communication – product awareness, brand awareness, or attitude change – then the posttest should measure changes in one or more of these dimensions. Advertisers sometimes use consumer survey or experiments to assess a campaign based on communication objectives. Theses methods are costly, however.

The second type of advertising objectives is the objectives in terms of sales. If advertisers set out objectives in terms of sales, they should determine the change in sales or market share, that can be attributed to the campaign. Unfortunately changes in sales or market share that result from advertising cannot be measured precisely. Actually many factors independent from advertisement affect a firm’s sale and market share. Competitive actions, government actions, changes in economic conditions, consumer preferences and weather are only a few factors that might enhance or diminish a company’s sales or market share. However, by using data about post and current sales and advertising expenditures, an advertiser can make gross estimates of the effects of the campaign on sales or market share.

Scanning

1. Say whether the following statements are true or false

  1. The reasons for testing the effectiveness of an advertising campaign include determining the issues, identifying and analyzing the advertising target.

  2. The evaluation of an advertising includes three periods: before, during and after.

  3. The evaluation before the campaign is called a posttest.

  4. If advertisers want to learn what most important about the product is they survey buyers.

  5. It is believed that advertising specialists are better aware of the best selling features of the product than consumers.

  6. The posttest depends on the basic issues of an advertising platform.

  7. If the objectives o an advertising are in terms of communication, then the posttest should measure changes in dimensions of brand awareness, product awareness, etc.

  8. These methods of evaluation are quite cheap.

  9. The objectives in terms of sales determine the change in sales that can be attributed to the campaign.

  10. Such factors as weather, environmental problems, social and economic changes can enhance or diminish a company’s sales or market share.

  11. Undoubtedly, data about post and current sales and advertising expenditures help an advertiser make gross estimates of the effects of a campaign.

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