Vocabulary

1. disruption of ties - разрыв связей

2. input goods- потребляемый продукт (в процессе производства)

3 . steep - 1. Крутой 2. Чрезмерный, преувеличенный З. Раздутый, очень высокий (о ценах)

4. entity - 1. Объективная реальность 2. Сущность, существо 3. Организм

5. to precipitate - 1. Низвергать 2. Ускорять, торопить (to precipitate a crisis) 3. Ввергать

6. concurrent - 1 .совпадающий 2. Согласованный

7. halt - остановка

8. work-overs- ремонт, ремонтные работы, капитальный ремонт скважин.

9. to couple with smith. - удваивать чем-либо

10. unabated - неослабленный, неуменьшенный.

11. to continue unabated - неослабевать, неуменьшаться

12. to purchase - покупать, приобретать

Ответьте на вопросы в соответствии с содержанием текста.

1. What did the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1992 cause?

2. What did the collapse of the ruble mean?

3. What did collapse of the economy result in?

4. What did a complete halt to all new exploration and drilling activity force?

5. What was the principal source of hard-currency revenues to the Russian government?

6. Why did the government privatize the oil sector?

7. When did the decline in Russian oil production start?

Темы для устной работы.

OIL AND GAS DEPOSITS.

Forty free gas deposits have been registered in the region, among them there is a unique Orenburg gas condensate deposit. Its gas is distinguished for its multy-component composition including ethane, butane, propane, sulphur, helium and condensate. It makes possible to use gas as an energy source and a valuable chemical raw material* A large gas and chemical complex operates on the Orenburg gas field. It annually produces nearly 55 million cu₀m₀ of cleaned gas and 1 million tons of sulphur as well as gas condensate, helium, ethane, propane, butane, fraction, light hydrocarbon, wide fraction and odorant These products piped to Tataria, Bashkiria, Samara Region, Moscow, Ukraine and to Eastern European countries-Romania, Poland, Bulgaria, the Chech Republic, Slovakia and Germany. Oil reserved make up more than 400 million tons. Crude oil is delivered to consumers via pipeline. The oil-refining industry is re-presented by the Orsk oil refinery and the Orenburg experimental petroleum fuel oil plant. The Orsk oil- refinery produces various grades of gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuel, a wide range of lubricating oils and oil asphalt. The Orenburg petroleum oil plant producers petroleum jelly and various lubricants. The Orenburg Region is one of Russia's leading producers of oil and gas products. The region’s oil and gas complex requires further development.

Oil and Gas Fields Development Department

My speciality

I'm a drilling engineer (a production engineer). I specialize in drilling oil wells. (My specialty is drilling oil wells).My specialty is oil and gas production practice (methods).

My specialty is very hard but very important and interesting. It requires the knowledge of some sciences, such as physics, chemistry, geology, mathematics and some others.

The discovery of oil is the first stage in oil production. . When oil is discovered the task of an oil engineer is to estimate the reserves and to investigate the reservoir conditions. For this purpose a well should be drilled. This is the job of a drilling engineer. Drilling involves many problems. It is a very costly and time-consuming operation and the success of the work depends on the quality and proper choice of the drilling equipment as well as drilling methods to be used.

The drilling engineer is to take cars of these problems. He is responsible for reducing the cost and time of drilling. The drilling process may be dangerous. It may involve many hazards -blowouts, water influx, bit sticking and so on. They can be prevented if the engineer is experienced and competent. So, while drilling the well the engineer must carefully watch the process in order to prevent dangerous situations. He is to recommend the safest methods, the best equipment for the particular reservoir conditions and the most economic rates of drilling and production, When oil (or gas) is discovered the well is put on production. To maintain the well productivity at an optimum rate is the task of an oil production engineer. When a well reaches the point of producing below its economic rate, the production engineer faces the problem of choosing some technique of boosting the natural pressure. There are various methods of well stimulation: acidizing, perforation, fracturing, water flooding, chemical treatment and others. The choice of the proper one for the particular reservoir conditions is essential for the success. This job requires good knowledge and skill of a production engineer.