III. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на конструкцию «Сложное подлежащее с инфинитивом».

1. Electronic devices and turbine parts are known to be produced by different fabricating processes. 2. Radio engineering is found to be of great importance for many branches of modern science. 3. Laser is sure to find a wider application in different branches of industry. 4. Our life seems to be quite impossible without metals and alloys. 5. The steel strength is believed to depend on the nickel content. 6. Much information is likely to come through space. 7. The process of metal purification proves to be based on the fact that all metals have different melting points. 8. An installation for purification of metals is considered to be one of the most important for electronics and power engineering. 9. Oil is known to be extracted in this region. 10. Energy is certain to fuel Russia`s and the world`s economic growth. 10. Russia`s role as an energy supplier and transporter appears to be growing. 11. Natural gas and oil are said to be the most important fuels after oil. 12. The first well is believed to have been drilled in China about 1100 A.D. 13. These two wells may appear to cross the same formation. 14. The agreement doesn`t seem to have been signed. 15. The pipeline under construction is likely to bring gas to serve the densely populated areas.

IV.Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на инфинитив.

To move oil from the place of production to the place of consumption is of prime importance. 2. The problem is to forecast how much water will be produced. 3. The people in the oil industry have to be broadly knowledgeable to find and apply new technologies. 4. To be usable oil must be refined. 5. The effect is too small to be detected. 6. The most important parameter to be examined is the rock porosity of the formation. 7. To raise the field production is to increase the volume of oil to be transported. 8. To prevent energy shortage scientists are experimenting with different sources of energy. 9. The new discoveries to be spoken of were made in this field.

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Post-Soviet Russia (40)

The political breakup of the Soviet Union in 1992 caused a disruption of ties between oil field equipment manufacturers in Azerbaijan and Ukraine and oil producers in Russia.

The collapse of the ruble meant that the prices of many input goods and services rose steeply, while the domestic price of oil remained at the old subsidized level. To add to the troubles of oil producers, many state entities that purchased oil from the producers had become insolvent, precipitating a rash of nonpayment’s to producers. Concurrently, the collapse of the economy resulted in a drop in the domestic consumption of oil. The financial troubles of producers, combined with the collapse in domestic demand, forced a complete halt to all new exploration and drilling activity, and even work-over of existing wells. This disruption, coupled with the systemic problems of the Soviet-era oil industry, meant that the decline in Russian oil production that started in 1988, when output was 11.4 million b/d, to this day with Russian production falling to 5.9 million b/d in 1998.

The concurrent collapse of domestic demand for oil and Russia's declining production meant that oil export volumes remained fairly uniform even through the transition era. The foreign exchange realized by the export of oil was the principal source of hard-currency revenues to the Russian government. Hence, the growth of these revenues was set as a priority by the Russian government. Since the government was incapable of making the managerial and financial decisions necessary to reverse the industry's decline, it privatized the oil sector and decided to allow limited foreign investment.