What is Accounting?

Accounting has been called «the language of business».Perhaps a better term is «the language of financial decisions».The better you understand the language, the better you can manage the financial aspects of living. Personal financial planning, investments, loans, car payments, income taxes, and many other aspects of daily life are based on accounting. A recent survey indicates that business managers believe it is more important for college students to learn accounting that any other subject. Other surveys show that persons trained in accounting and finance make in to the top of their organizations in greater numbers than persons trained in any other field. Indeed, accounting is an important subject.

Accounting is the system that measures business activities, processes that information into reports and communicates these findings to decision makers. Financial statements are the documents that report on are individual’s or an organization’s business in monetary amounts.

10. Выпишите из текста предложения, в которых глагол-сказуемое употребляется в пассиве.

Вариант 2

1. Переведите текст и выполните следующие за ним упражнения:

Management

Management is the art of getting things done through other people. It includes the personnel who have the right to make decisions that influence company’s affairs.

There are three management levels: top management, middle management and operating management. Top management includes the president, vice presidents, and the general manager. Middle management includes department managers and plant managers. Operating management includes supervisors, foremen, etc.

The most important responsibility of any manager is decision making. Successful management is a skill of choosing from alternatives

Decision making are divided into: recognizing the problem, defining and analyzing the problem, evaluating alternative solution and implementing the approach chosen.

Management functions are planning, organizing, directing, controlling, staffing, and innovating. It should be noted that successful management is based on three basic elements: leadership, motivation and communication.

To operate a successful business one should have management skills because effective management is the key to business success.

2. Найдите в тексте ответы на вопросы и напишите их в той последовательности, в которой заданы вопросы:

Вопросы

1. Whom does the top management include?

2. What managers does middle management include?

3. What specialists does operating management include?

4. What steps is decision making divided into?

5. What are the management functions?

3. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в пассивную форму. Переведите предложения.

1. Freely – convertible currency (buy and sell) for Russian roubles.

2. The contract (sign) on the terms of the supplier.

3. Accounting information (use) by managers, investors, financial analysts.

4. Diplomas and degrees of Oxford University (respect) throughout the world.

5. Their holders (offer) better jobs.

4. Определите функции инфинитива и переведите предложения на русский язык. Подчеркните инфинитив.

1. The main aim of accounting is to show the firm’s financial condition.

2. He refused to prolong the contract.

3. Here are some figures to be referred to later.

4. He has gone to England to perfect his knowledge of English.

5. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на инфинитивные обороты:

1. Nobody expected the dollar to fall so dramatically that day.

2. The capitalist system is known to be based upon the principle of competition.

3. The company is said to be losing a lot of money.

4. The decision is sure to be adopted tomorrow.

5. We insist you to send us price-lists and other documents.

6. Употребите глагол-сказуемое в будущем времени, используя эквиваленты модальных глаголов. Переведите предложения (см. табл.).

1. In this bank you can exchange the currency of any country.

2. You must find another source of financing.

3. I may pay the bills immediately.

7. Переведите предложения. Употребите нужное по смыслу местоимение:

1. There are (some, any) advantages of the corporate form of ownership.

2. There are (some, any) free banking services.

3. (Some, any) sole proprietor requires a certificate to do business.

8. Переведите предложения. Определите функцию глагола have (has).

1. The firm had to give us a discount as the quality of the goods was low.

2. We have done business with you for more than 10 years.

3. He has finished all tests and we may know the results soon.

4. The insurance company will have to pay for this equipment.

5. You have to get a foreign passport to go abroad.

9. Переведите текст. Из абзаца 3 выпишите предложения с инфинитивом в функции обстоятельства цели.