segregation_and_apartheid_in_twentieth_century

GLOSSARY

mode(s) of production: theoretical term, now seldom used, which was coined to express the concept of a production system and its associated form of social organization.

pass laws: network of legislation designed to control and restrict the movement of African labour into towns and cities.

patriarchy: system whereby men attain and preserve positions of social, cultural and economic power over women and junior males.

pre-capitalist: theoretical term pertaining to societies in which noncapitalist forms of production predominate.

proletarianization: theoretical term describing the process whereby men and women are left with nothing to sell but their labour power. This social division of labour relates specifically to the rise of factory production under conditions of capitalism.

QwaQwa: the smallest of the so-called self-governing ‘homelands’, situated on the eastern borders of the Orange Free State and designated as the self-governing territory of the ‘South Sotho’.

rehabilitation: see ‘betterment’.

reserves: see Bantustan.

separate development: an ideological euphemism for apartheid.

sjambok: whip made from animal hide. Often associated with beatings administered by white farmers to their black servants and labourers.

social Darwinism: term used to describe philosophies of political and/or racial hierarchy based on the application of (especially) Darwinian theories of evolutionary struggle to conditions of human social existence.

South African Party (SAP): established on a countrywide basis after Union in 1910, it was the ruling party in the all-white South African parliament until 1924 under Generals L.Botha and J.C.Smuts. It was a vehicle for moderate Afrikaner opinion, as well as many Englishspeakers, anxious to establish conciliation and white unity.

Union: following the Act of Union in 1909, the ex-British colonies of the Cape and Natal merged with the defeated Afrikaner republics of Transvaal and the Orange Free State to form the self-governing Union of South Africa.

United Democratic Front: mass political organization formed in 1983. The UDF was generally supportive of the policies of the then-banned African National Congress and did much to popularize opposition to apartheid in the 1980s.

Volk: Afrikaans (and German) word approximating to ‘people’ or ‘nation’.

Witwatersrand: region centring on Johannesburg around which much of the mining and industrial capacity of South Africa is concentrated.

288