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1. Complete the table with the derivatives of the following words:

Verb

Noun

Adjective

Harm

Contaminate

Damage

Minimal

------------------------------------

Extinction

Destruction

Increase

Reduced

effect

Corrode

Consume

Fertile

Exhaust

2. Match the words in Column a and Column b to form collocations. In several cases more than one variant is possible.

Column A

Column B

to melt

to burn

to attack

to lower

to support

to treat

to discharge

to minimize

to flood

coastal cities

fish population

the ozone layer

fossil fuel

water quality

polar ice caps

waste

harm

pollutants

3. Now use the expressions from Exercise 2 to complete the following sentences. Pay attention to the form of the verb.

  1. This fishing lake is an auxiliary drinking water supply for the capital city of Augusta. But as a result of runoff from agriculture and residential areas, different pollutants have ________ _____________ __________ below standards. 

  2. Glaciers are disappearing into the oceans, the ________-___________ are _____________. That could accelerate global warming as less light is reflected back to space.

  3. By reporting spills and pollution quickly, the appropriate measures can be undertaken quickly and the  ____________  from the incident can be ______________ .

  4. Dangerous _________ must be ___________ before it is disposed of in a landfill and must also meet strict criteria. Certain types of waste are banned from landfill including those that are explosive, flammable or infectious. 

  5. ___________ _____________ ______________ releases CO2 into the atmosphere, hence the anxiety that extensive use of these fuels is causing climate change.

  6. Acid rain has made numerous lakes so acidic that they no longer _________ ____________ ______________.

  7. According to China report, the government has decided to introduce high charges for the right to ____________ dangerous ______________ into Lake Taihu.

  8. High flying aircraft, ranging from commercial craft such as Concorde to military spy planes and the space shuttle, contribute to ________ _______. The engines of these vehicles, particularly those traveling at supersonic speeds, produce oxides of nitrogen which will also ______________ __ ____________ ___________.

  9. It listed likely effects of global warming: rising seas will _________ ___________ _____________, melting glaciers will dry up the source of future water supplies, and up to 30 percent of all plant and animal species may become extinct.