XII. Rewrite the sentences using sinceorfor.

1. Carol works for his mother. He began doing this seven years ago.

2. Claudia began working for the World Health Organisation in 1997.

3. Jack plays the violin. He began when he was three.

4. Ann is taking riding lessons. She started on her last birthday.

5. Ali has a house in Marrakesh. He bought it five years ago.

6. Nick is staying with friends in Kiev. He arrived last week.

7. Jane lives in Munich. She started living there five years ago.

XIII. Open the brackets using Present Perfect or Past Simple.

• (1 you/hear) the news about Cathy?

• No, what (2 happen)?

• She (3 have) an accident. She was running for a bus when she (4 fall) down and (5 break) her leg.

• Oh, how awful! When (6 this/happen)?

• Yesterday afternoon. Sarah (7 tell) me about it last night.

• Last night! You (8 know) last night, and you (9 not/tell) me!

• Well, I (10 not/see) you last night. And I (11 not/see) you today, until now.

• I hope she`s all right. She (12 have) lots of accidents, you know. She (13 do) the same thing two years ago.

XIV. Open the brackets using Present Perfect or Past Simple.

The original Olympic Games (1 begin) around 800 BC in Ancient Greece, and (2 continue) until they (3 be) abolished by the Roman Emperor Theodosius in AD 393. The first modern Olympics (4 take place) in Athens in 1896, and since then, more than a dozen different countries (5 stage) the Summer Olympics. The cities of Paris, London, Berlin and Los Angeles (6 stage) the Olympics twice. In 1956, Australia (7 become) the first country outside Europe and America to stage the Olympics, while Mexico (8 be) the first Latin American country to stage the Olympics, in 1968. Many of the greatest athletes in the world (9 take part) in the Olympic Games, but no one (10 equal) the achievements of the great Finnish athlete, Paavo Nurmi, who between 1920 and 1928 (11 win) nine gold and three silver medals. The Olympic Games (12 see) many tragedies and triumphs. For example, in the marathon of 1908, the little Italian, Dorando Pietri (13 collapse) five times in the last part of the race, but (14 come) first – only to be disqualified because spectators (15 help) him over the finishing line. And in 1936, the famous black American athlete Jessee Owens, (16 break) six world records in a single day! From the first modern Olympics in Athens, when only fourteen countries (17 participate), the Olympics (18 grow) to include over 140 countries. Gold, silver and bronze medals (19 go) to over 8,000 men and women.

XV. Insert Past Simple or Past Perfect.

1. When he returned to his hotel he (find) a message that someone (telephone) in his absence.

2. They (pass) the door of their inn, and (walk) a little way down the village, before they (recollect) the precise spot in which it stood.

3. The moon (not/rise). There was nothing to dispel the dark of the night.

4. They didn`t speak to him again until he (eat).

5. When Martin (enter) the room, Helen (turn) her head round quickly.

6. He (hardly/light) another cigarette when the general (come) into the courtyard.

7. She was a woman of nearly fifty who (obviously/be) pretty once.

8. One night there flew over the city a little Swallow. His friends (go) away to Egypt six weeks before, but he (stay) behind.

9. He (just/leave) the hall when a stranger (enter).

10. After he (take) a drink to himself, Mrs. Fettle (return).