Основы специальной педагогики и психологии / 3 поддержка / Альманах ИКП / Логоп.обслед. в 2-3 г-схема-Стребелева
.pdfиу фихиэ рхщъръыъи тцшшнтюрцххцс чнмилцлртр шиц
ú ø
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
è KWWS ZZZ LVH LLS QHW DOPDQDK LQGH[ KWP
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
ù '
ì # $
' í è ù
ø è
>ZlZ h[ke_^h\Zgby
<hajZkl j_[_gdZ
>Zggu_ ^hj_q_\h]h ij_^j_q_\h]h b j_q_\h]h ZgZfg_aZ
Khklhygb_ kemoZ ih aZdexq_gbx ki_pbZebklZ
Khklhygb_ aj_gby ih aZdexq_gbx ki_pbZebklZ
>Zggu_ gZ[ex^_gby b h[ke_^h\Zgby
Q_j_i klb]fu ^bawf[jbh]_g_aZ q_j_iZ
Ebph |
|
gZebqb_ klb]f ^bawf[jbh]_g_aZ |
|
g_ijhba\hevgu_ ^\b`_gby fbfbq_kdhc fmkdmeZlmju hp_gb\Zxlky \h \j_fy |
|
jZa]h\hjZ kf_oZ ieZqZ djbdZ |
|
ijhba\hevgu_ ^\b`_gby fbfbq_kdhc fmkdmeZlmju k ]h^Z |
|
mf_gb_ ih^gylv [jh\b |
|
mf_gb_ gZofmjblv [jh\b |
|
mf_gb_ meu[gmlvky |
|
mf_gb_ gZ^mlv s_db |
|
GZebqb_ hlkmlkl\b_ Zkbff_ljbb fbfbq_kdhc |
fmkdmeZlmju gZebqb_ |
iZj_aZ iZjZebqZ |
|
FbfbdZ ebpZ |
|
Lhgmk fbfbq_kdbo furp hij_^_ey_lky ijb kh\f_klghf hkfhlj_ j_[_gdZ |
|
g_\jhiZlheh]hf b eh]hi_^hf |
|
Ghk± kljh_gb_ |
|
J_ne_dku hjZevgh]h Z\lhfZlbafZ ^ey |
^_l_c k hj]Zgbq_kdbf |
ihjZ`_gb_ PGK kbg^jhfhf >PI |
|
:jlbdmeypbhgguc ZiiZjZl
<_jogyy q_exklv kljh_gb_
Gb`gyy q_exklv kljh_gb_ :ghfZebb kljh_gby
G_ijhba\hevgu_ ^\b`_gby hp_gb\Zxlky \h \j_fy _^u ijb fbfbq_kdbo ijhy\e_gbyo ijb a\mdh\uo b j_q_\uo j_Zdpbyo \h \j_fy [h^jkl\h\Zgby b b]ju
Ijhba\hevgu_ ^\b`_gby k ]h^Z f_k ih ihdZam b keh\m \ajhkeh]hmf_gb_ hldjulv jhl
mf_gb_ aZdjulv jhl
mf_gb_ aZdmkblv gb`gxx ]m[mmf_gb_ aZdmkblv \_jogxx ]m[m
Hp_gb\Zxlky dhhj^bgbjh\Zgghklv ^\b`_gbc h[t_f ^\b`_gbc m^_j`Zgb_ ihau i_j_oh^ hl ^\b`_gby d ^\b`_gbx
^jm]b_ hkh[_gghklb ^\b`_gbc Lhgmk furp gb`g_c q_exklb
Khhlghr_gb_ f_`^m \_jog_c b gb`g_c q_exklvx
=m[u
&ljh_gb_
ZghfZebb kljh_gby iheh`_gb_ ]m[ \ ihdh_
g_ijhba\hevgu_ ^\b`_gby ]m[ hp_gb\Zxlky \h \j_fy _^u ijb fbfbq_kdbo ijhy\e_gbyo ijb j_q_\uo j_Zdpbyo \h \j_fy [h^jkl\h\Zgby b b]ju Ijhba\hevgu_ ^\b`_gby ]m[ k ]h^Z f_k ih ihdZam b keh\m \ajhkeh]h
ihp_emc
meu[dZ
ljm[hqdZ meu[dZ k ]h^Z Hp_gb\Zxlky dhhj^bgbjh\Zgghklv ^\b`_gbc h[t_f ^\b`_gbc m^_j`Zgb_ ihau i_j_oh^ hl ^\b`_gby d ^\b`_gbx
Fur_qguc lhgmk ]m[ djm]h\hc furpu jlZ
GZkbevkl\_ggu_ ^\b`_gby \ furpZo ]m[
Yaud kljh_gb_
ZghfZebb kljh_gby gZebqb_ iZj_aZ iZjZebqZ Zljhnbb furp yaudZ iheh`_gb_ yaudZ \ ihdh_ g_ijhba\hevgu_ ^\b`_gby yaudZ
ijhba\hevgu_ ^\b`_gby yaudZ k ]h^Z f_k ih ihdZam b keh\m \ajhkeh]h
\ukh\u\Zgb_ yaudZm[bjZgb_ _]h gZaZ^
ih^gbfZgb_ gZ \_jogxx ]m[m
\ukh\u\Zgb_ gZ gb`gxx ]m[m
qZkbdb
ihs_edb\Zgb_ yaudhf Hp_gb\Zxlky
dhhj^bgbjh\Zgghklv ^\b`_gbc h[t_f ^\b`_gbc m^_j`Zgb_ ihau i_j_oh^ hl ^\b`_gby d ^\b`_gbx GZkbevkl\_ggu_ ^\b`_gby yaudZ
Ih^tyauqgZy ma^_qdZ
ZghfZebb kljh_gby fur_qguc lhgmk yaudZ L\_j^h_ g_[h &ljh_gb_
ZghfZebb kljh_gby Fy]dh_ g_[h kljh_gb_ ZghfZebb kljh_gby GZebqb_ iZj_aZ
g_ijhba\hevgu_ ^\b`_gby fy]dh]h g_[Z
ijhba\hevgu_ ^\b`_gby fy]dh]h g_[Z k e_l
ihdZreb\Zgb_ gZebqb_ kZeb\Zpbb
GZebqb_ hjZevguo kbgdbg_abc
>uoZl_evguc ZiiZjZl Lbi ^uoZgby
Jblf ^uoZgby
=hehkh\hc ZiiZjZl Kljh_gb_ ZghfZebb kljh_gby
=hehk hkh[_gghklb
]h^ f_k ]h^ f_k
IhgbfZgb_ j_qb ihgbfZ_l gZa\Zgby hdjm`Zxsbo ij_^f_lh\ ^_ckl\bc b ^\b`_gbc
: IhgbfZgb_ j_[_gdhf gZa\Zgbc hdjm`Zxsbo ij_^f_lh\
FZl_jbZe ljb q_luj_ b]jmrdb bah[jZ`Zxsb_ \b^ ljZgkihjlZ
`b\hlguo ij_^f_lu h[boh^Z ij_^f_lu ^_lkdbo b]j fZrbgZ qZku fyqbd kh[ZdZ
F_lh^bdZ \uy\e_gby kblmZpby _kl_kl\_ggZy I_j_^ j_[_gdhf jZkdeZ^u\Zxlky q_luj_ dhgljhevguo ij_^f_lZ GZ \hijhk \ajhkeh]h =^_
" j_[_ghd ^he`_g hlukdZlv \k_ ij_^f_lu Ihke_ wlh]h bo m[bjZxl klZ\yl \ ^jm]hf ihjy^d_ b \gh\v ij_^eZ]Zxl bo gZclb
Ihfhsv j_[_gdm _keb j_[_ghd hrb[Z_lky beb g_ bs_l \a]ey^hf gZau\Z_fmx b]jmrdm \ajhkeuc ihdZau\Z_l _fm lhevdh ^\_ b]jmrdb b kijZrb\Z_l =^_"Ijb hlkmlkl\bb hl\_lZ ihdZau\Z_l h^gm ba b]jmr_d b gZau\Z_l __ Fh`gh ihdZaZlv b gZa\Zlv ^\_ b]jmrdb Z aZl_f kijZrb\Zlv h[h \k_o q_luj_o
Ih\_^_gb_ j_[_gdZ ih ijhkv[_ \ajhkeh]h gZoh^bl kZf beb ijb ihfhsb gm`gu_ ij_^f_lu ihdZau\Z_l jmdhc beb [_j_l \ jmdb AZ^Zgb_ kqblZ_lky
\uiheg_gguf _keb j_[_ghd \u[bjZ_l g_ f_g__ lj_o ij_^f_lh\ G_ ihgbfZ_l gZa\Zgby hdjm`Zxsbo ij_^f_lh\
FZl_jbZe ij_^f_lu h^_`^u h[m\b
F_lh^bdZ \uy\e_gby kblmZpby _kl_kl\_ggZy ijb h[s_gbb k j_[_gdhf \ ]jmii_ J_[_gdm ij_^eZ]Z_lky gZclb q_luj_ ij_^f_lZ ba h^_`^u rlZgbrdb rZidm [hlbgdb ieZlv_
Ihfhsv j_[_gdm _keb j_[_ghd g_ bs_l ij_^f_lu beb hrb[Z_lky \ajhkeuc ij_^eZ]Z_l \f_kl_ ihbkdZlv bo ih^\h^bl j_[_gdZ d rZid_ ijhkbl gZclb __ _keb ihbkdZ g_l ih^\h^bl j_[_gdZ d ieZlvx aZl_f d rlZgbrdZf Fh`gh gZclb k j_[_gdhf ^\Z ij_^f_lZ ba q_luj_o : aZl_f jZkdeZ^u\Z_l gZ \b^guo f_klZo ij_^f_lu b ij_^eZ]Z_l j_[_gdm gZclb bo
Ih\_^_gb_ j_[_gdZ ih keh\m \ajhkeh]h kZf beb k ihfhsvx gZoh^bl g_ f_g__ lj_o ij_^f_lh\
G_ gZoh^bl b g_ ihgbfZ_l gZa\Zgbc hdjm`Zxsbo ij_^f_lh\ ; IhgbfZgb_ j_[_gdhf ^_ckl\bc
FZl_jbZe kx`_lgZy b]jmrdZ dmdeZ lZj_edZ djh\ZldZ
F_lh^bdZ \uy\e_gby kblmZpby _kl_kl\_ggZy J_[_gdm ij_^eZ]Z_lky \uihegblv ^_ckl\by Ihdhjfb dmdem Iheh`b dmdem \ djh\Zldm
Ihfhsv j_[_gdm _keb j_[_ghd g_ \uihegy_l ^_ckl\by beb g_ fh`_l bo
\uihegblv \ajhkeuc ihdZau\Z_l wlb ^_ckl\by Z aZl_f ijhkbl j_[_gdZ
\uihegblvIheh`b kiZlv dmdem >Zc ihiblv dmde_
Ih\_^_gb_ j_[_gdZ \uihegy_l ^_ckl\by ih ijhkv[_ \ajhkeh]h kZf beb k ihfhsvx \ajhkeh]h
G_ \uihegy_l ^_ckl\bc ih ijhkv[_ \ajhkeh]h
< J_[_ghd hjb_glbjm_lky \ ]jmii_
F_lh^bdZ \uy\e_gby kblmZpby _kl_kl\_ggZy Ijb ijh\_^_gbb j_`bfguo ijhp_kkh\ hj]ZgbaZpbb b]ju j_[_gdm ij_^eZ]Z_lky \uihegblv ke_^mxsb_ ^_ckl\by IhdZ`b ]^_ m gZk ju[db GZc^b ]^_ qZku B^b fulv jmdb
Ih\_^_gb_ j_[_gdZ \uihegy_l g_ f_g__ lj_o ihjmq_gbc \ajhkeh]h AZ^Zgb_ kqblZ_lky \uiheg_gguf _keb j_[_ghd j_rZ_l \k_ ljb aZ^Zqb
G_ hjb_glbjm_lky \ ]jmii_
:dlb\gZy j_qv ihevam_lky e_i_lhf b hl^_evgufb h[e_]q_ggufb keh\Zfb \ fhf_gl ^\b]Zl_evghc Zdlb\ghklb m^b\e_gby jZ^hklb
F_lh^bdZ \uy\e_gby kblmZpby _kl_kl\_ggZy GZ[ex^_gb_ aZ j_[_gdhf
\_^_lky \h \j_fy kZfhklhyl_evghc ^_yl_evghklb \ l_q_gb_ fbg Ihfhsv j_[_gdm _keb j_[_ghd \h \j_fy b]ju g_ ijhbaghkbl a\mdh\ b
e_i_lguo keh\ \ajhkeuc \uau\Z_l m g_]h m^b\e_gb_ jZ^hklv Ihkfhljb \hl dmdeZ eyey Zc G_l eyeb Ihbsb ]^_ eyey : \hl hgZ Ihke_ ihdZaZ
\ajhkeuc ijh^he`Z_l gZ[ex^_gb_ ih^^_j`b\Zy bgl_j_k j_[_gdZ d b]jmrdZf
Ih\_^_gb_ j_[_gdZ jZaghh[jZagh e_i_q_l kZf beb ihke_ b]ju kh \ajhkeuf ihevam_lky h[e_]q_ggufb keh\Zfb ^Zc [Zo Z\ Z\ eyey
Mihlj_[ey_fu_ e_i_lgu_ b h[e_]q_ggu_ keh\Z
G_ e_i_q_l g_ ihevam_lky h[e_]q_ggufb keh\Zfb
]h^ f_k ]h^ f_k
IhgbfZgb_ j_qb
: H[h[s_gb_ ij_^f_lh\ ih kms_kl\_gguf ijbagZdZf \ ihgbfZ_fhc j_qb \ dhgnebdlghc kblmZpbb
FZl_jbZe ^\Z h^ghjh^guo ij_^f_lZ hlebqgu_ ^jm] hl ^jm]Z ih dZdhfm eb[h ijbagZdm gZijbf_j dhrdZ [_eZy dhrdZ q_jgZy kh[ZdZ q_jgZy b dhgljhevguc ij_^f_l dmdeZ
F_lh^bdZ \uy\e_gby kblmZpby _kl_kl\_ggZy I_j_^ j_[_gdhf jZkdeZ^u\Zxl ij_^f_lu \ lZdhc ihke_^h\Zl_evghklb kh[ZdZ q_jgZy dhrdZ q_jgZy dhrdZ [_eZy dmdeZ <ajhkeuc ij_^eZ]Z_l ihdZaZlv kgZqZeZ h^gm dhrdm aZl_f ^jm]mx ihlhf kh[Zdm dmdem Ihke_ wlh]h ij_^f_lu f_gyxl f_klZfb b j_[_gdm ij_^eZ]Zxl gZclb bo _s_ jZa
FZl_jbZe eh`dZ ^_k_jlgZy eh`dZ b]jmr_qgZy kh\hd ih \_ebqbg_ b p\_lm koh^guc k h^ghc ba eh`_d dmdeZ
F_lh^bdZ \uy\e_gby lZ `_ qlh b \ i_j\hc kblmZpbb
Ih\_^_gb_ j_[_gdZ gZoh^bl h^ghjh^gu_ ij_^f_lu ih keh\m \ajhkeh]h
dhrdm [_emx b q_jgmx eh`dm ^_k_jlgmx b b]jmr_qgmx G_ h[h[sZ_l ij_^f_lu ih kms_kl\_gguf ijbagZdZf \ ihgbfZgbb j_qb
; IhgbfZgb_ ij_^eh]h\ b ij_^eh`gh iZ^_`guo dZl_]hjbc ihgbfZgb_ ij_^eh]h\ \ gZ
FZl_jbZe dhjh[dZ k djurdhc dm[bd
F_lh^bdZ \uy\e_gby j_[_gdZ ijhkyl kijylZlv dm[bd iheh`blv dm[bd gZ dhjh[dm gZ klhe b l ^
Ih\_^_gb_ j_[_gdZ ijZ\bevgh \uihegy_l ihjmq_gby \ajhkeh]h
G_ ihgbfZ_l ij_^eh`gh iZ^_`guo dhgkljmdpbc g_ \uihegy_l ihjmq_gby
Kemoh\h_ \gbfZgb_ b nhg_fZlbq_kdbc kemo jZaebqZ_l g_j_q_\u_ a\mdb
]h^ f_k
FZl_jbZe gZ[hj b]jmr_d rbjfZ ^\Z [m[gZ ^\Z dhehdhevqbdZ q_luj_ ^_j_\yggu_ eh`db
F_lh^bdZ \uy\e_gby j_[_gdm ij_^eZ]Zxl ihb]jZlv \ b]jm M]Z^Zc qlh a\mqbl
Ih\_^_gb_ j_[_gdZ ijZ\bevgh \u[bjZ_l b]jmrdb ih bo a\mqZgbx
:dlb\gZy j_qv Feh\Zfb h[e_]q_ggufb gZijbf_j [b [b b ijhbag_k_ggufb ijZ\bevgh fZrbgZ gZau\Z_l ij_^f_lu b ^_ckl\by \ fhf_gl kbevghc aZbgl_j_kh\Zgghklb
FZl_jbZe q_luj_ ij_^f_lZ dmdeZ aZcqbd i_lmrhd dhl_ghd f_rhq_d beb dhjh[dZ ba dhlhjhc hgb \ugbfZxlky
F_lh^bdZ \uy\e_gby kblmZpby _kl_kl\_ggZy <ajhkeuc g_h`b^Zggh \ugbfZ_l ba f_rhqdZ ij_^f_l b kijZrb\Z_l Dlh wlh qlh wlh"
Ih\_^_gb_ j_[_gdZ gZau\Z_l ij_^f_lu ijZ\bevgh gZijbf_j aZyp fZrbgZ b h[e_]q_ggufb keh\Zfb
Mihlj_[ey_fu_ keh\Z
G_ ihevam_lky ihegufb ijhklufb keh\Zfb
IhgbfZgb_ j_qb ]h^ f_k ]h^ f_k
: IhgbfZgb_ g_keh`guc jZkkdZa ih kx`_lghc dZjlbgd_ hl\_qZ_l gZ
\hijhku \ajhkeh]h
FZl_jbZe bah[jZ`_gb_ kx`_lguo dZjlbghd gZijbf_j fZevqbd ihbl ehrZ^dm ^_lb mfu\Zxlky ^_lb iheb\Zxl p\_lu ^y^y qbgbl fZrbgm
l ^
iZju
F_lh^bdZ \uy\e_gby kblmZpby _kl_kl\_ggZy <ajhkeuc deZ^_l gZ klhe dZjlbgdb ij_^eZ]Z_l j_[_gdm ihkfhlj_lv gZ gbo b kijZrb\Z_l =^_"
IhdZ`b
Ihfhsv j_[_gdm _keb j_[_ghd aZljm^gy_lky hl\_lblv fh`gh jZkkfhlj_lv kx`_l dZjlbg b aZ^Zlv ^hihegbl_evgu_ \hijhku hlghkysb_ky d hl^_evguf i_jkhgZ`Zf dZjlbgu
Ih\_^_gb_ j_[_gdZ hl\_qZ_l gZ \hijhku \ajhkeh]h kjZam eb[h k ihfhsvx ^hihegbl_evguo \hijhkh\
G_ ihgbfZ_l g_keh`guc jZkkdZa ih kx`_lghc dZjlbgd_ g_ hl\_qZ_l gZ \hijhku \ajhkeh]h
; IhgbfZgb_ ij_^eh`gh iZ^_`guo dhgkljmdpbc ihgbfZgb_ ij_^eh`gh iZ^_`guo dhgkljmdpbc k ij_^eh]hf ih^
FZl_jbZe dhjh[dZ k djurdhc dm[bd F_lh^bdZ \uy\e_gby j_[_gdm ij_^eZ]Zxl kijylZlv dm[bd
Ih\_^_gb_ j_[_gdZ ijZ\bevgh \uihegy_l ihjmq_gby
G_ ihgbfZ_l ij_^eh`gh iZ^_`guo dhgkljmdpbc g_ \uihegy_l ihjmq_gbc
< IhgbfZgb_ _^bgkl\_ggh]h b fgh`_kl\_ggh]h qbkeZ kms_kl\bl_evgh]h
]h^ f_k
FZl_jbZe dZjlbgu klhe klheu fZrbgZ fZrbgu fyq fyqb eh`dZ eh`db rZj rZju
F_lh^bdZ \uy\e_gby j_[_gdm ij_^eZ]Zxl ihdZaZlv ]^_ klhe Z ]^_ klheu b
Ih\_^_gb_ j_[_gdZ ba iylb iZj ihdZau\Z_l ijZ\bevgh ljb q_luj_ iZju dZjlbghd
G_ ihdZau\Z_l Z oZhlbqgh i_j_[bjZ_l dZjlbgdb
= IhgbfZgb_ keh\ ^_ckl\bc \ujZ`_gguo dZl_]hjb_c \ha\jZlghklb ]eZ]heZ ]h^ f_k
FZl_jbZe dZjlbgu dmdeZ fh_l jmdb dmdeZ fh_lky fZevqbd dZlZ_l fZrbgm fZevqbd dZlZ_lky \ fZrbg_ ^_\hqdZ h^_\Z_l ^_\hqdZ h^_\Z_lky
F_lh^bdZ \uy\e_gby j_[_gdm ij_^eZ]Zxl ihdZaZlv ]^_ dmdeZ fh_l Z ]^_ fh_lky b l ^
Ih\_^_gb_ j_[_gdZ ba lj_o iZj dZjlbg ijZ\bevgh ihdZau\Z_l ^\_ ljb
G_ ihdZau\Z_l g_ ihgbfZ_l
> IhgbfZgb_ kmnnbdkZevguo hlghr_gbc
IhgbfZgb_ keh\ k kmnnbdkhf mf_gvrbl_evghklb ]h^ f_k
FZl_jbZe dZjlbgdb fZrbgZ [hevrZy b fZe_gvdZy kh[ZdZ [hevrZy b fZe_gvdZy fyq [hevrhc b fZe_gvdbc qZrdZ [hevrZy b fZe_gvdZy F_lh^bdZ \uy\e_gby j_[_gdm ij_^ty\eyxl dZjlbgdb b kijZrb\Zxl ]^_ fZrbgZ Z ]^_ fZrbgdZ ]^_ kh[ZdZ Z ]^_ kh[ZqdZ Ih\_^_gb_ j_[_gdZ gZoh^bl g_h[oh^bfu_ dZjlbgdb
G_ ihgbfZ_l g_ gZoh^bl
&emoh\h_ \gbfZgb_ b nhg_fZlbq_kdbc kemo jZaebq_gb_ j_q_\uo a\mdh\ ]h^ f_k
FZl_jbZe gZ[hj b]jmr_d rbjfZ ^\_ kh[Zdb ^\_ dhrdb ^\Z i_lmoZ ^\_ dhjh\u
F_lh^bdZ \uy\e_gby j_[_gdm ij_^eZ]Zxl ihb]jZlv \ b]jm M]Z^Zc dlh l_[y iha\Ze"
Ih\_^_gb_ j_[_gdZ ih a\mdhih^jZ`Zgbx gZoh^bl g_h[oh^bfu_ b]jmrdb
:dlb\gZy j_qv
: H[hagZq_gb_ k\hbo ^_ckl\bc keh\Zfb b ^\mokeh\gufb ij_^eh`_gbyfb
F_lh^bdZ \uy\e_gby kblmZpby _kl_kl\_ggZy J_q_\u_ ijhy\e_gby j_[_gdZ gZ[ex^Zxlky \ b]j_ \ j_`bfguo fhf_glZo aZgylbyo
Ih\_^_gb_ j_[_gdZ \h \j_fy b]ju b ^jm]hc kblmZpbb khijh\h`^Z_l k\hb
^_ckl\by keh\Zfb b ^\mokeh\gufb ij_^eh`_gbyfb G_ khijh\h`^Z_l k\hb ^_ckl\by ^\mokeh\gufb ij_^eh`_gbyfb
Ihegu_ keh\Z dhlhju_ mihlj_[ey_l
H[jZapu ^\mokeh\guo ij_^eh`_gbc
OZjZdl_j Z]jZffZlbafZ \ ij_^eh`_gbb
; Keh]h\Zy kljmdlmjZ keh\Z
qZku Mihlj_[e_gb_ ^\mokeh`guo keh\ ]h^ f_k lbiZ iZiZ fZfZ ibeZ Mihlj_[e_gb_ h^ghkeh`guo keh\ ]h^ f_FlbiZ ^hf \hl fyq lZf
<BA\mdh\Zy klhjhgZ keh\Z
Hlf_qZxlky bkdZ`_gby hlkmlkl\b_ aZf_gu kf_r_gby a\mdh\ =eZkgu_ a\mdb ]h^ f_k
Kh]eZkgu_ a\mdb
IhgbfZgb_ j_qb
: IhgbfZgb_ dhjhldh]h jZkkdZaZ \ajhkeh]h [_a ihdZaZ h kh[ulbyo [u\rbo \ hiul_ j_[_gdZ
FZl_jbZe ki_pbZevgh ih^]hlh\e_gguc jZkkdZa h kh[ulbb ohjhrh agZdhfhf j_[_gdm
Ih\_^_gb_ j_[_gdZ hl\_qZ_l gZ \hijhku \ajhkeh]h
G_ ihgbfZ_l jZkkdZa g_ hl\_qZ_l gZ \hijhku
; IhgbfZgb_ ij_^eh`gh iZ^_`guo dhgkljmdpbc ihgbfZgb_ ij_^eh`gh iZ^_`guo dhgkljmdpbc k ij_^eh]Zfb m k
FZl_jbZe rZjbd kdZl dhjh[dZ k djurdhc
F_lh^bdZ \uy\e_gby j_[_gdZ ijhkyl ihdZlblv rZjbd k ]hjdb kh klheZ iheh`blv rZjbd m dhjh[db
Ih\_^_gb_ j_[_gdZ ijZ\bevgh \uihegy_l ihjmq_gby
G_ ihgbfZ_l ij_^eh`gh iZ^_`gu_ dhgkljmdpbb g_ \uihegy_l ihjmq_gby
< IhgbfZgb_ _^bgkl\_ggh]h b fgh`_kl\_ggh]h qbkeZ ]eZ]heZ ]h^Z FZl_jbZe dZjlbgu fZevqbd kljhbl ^_lb kljhyl ^_\hqdZ jbkm_l ^_lb jbkmxl ^_\hqdZ _kl ^_lb _^yl
F_lh^bdZ \uy\e_gby j_[_gdm ij_^eZ]Zxl ihdZaZlv ]^_ kljhbl Z ]^_
kljhyl b l ^
Ih\_^_gb_ ba lj_o iZj dZjlbg ijZ\bevgh ihdZau\Z_l ^\_ ljb iZju
G_ ihdZau\Z_l g_ ihgbfZ_l
Kemoh\h_ \gbfZgb_ b nhg_fZlbq_kdbc kemo jZaebq_gb_ \ukhlu ]hehkZ
]h^Z
FZl_jbZe gZ[hj b]jmr_d rbjfZ ^\Z f_^\_^y [hevrhc b fZe_gvdbc
^\_ kh[Zdb [hevrZy b fZe_gvdZy ^\_ dhrdb [hevrZy b fZe_gvdZy
F_lh^bdZ \uy\e_gby j_[_gdm ij_^eZ]Zxl ihb]jZlv \ b]jm Lboh ]jhfdh Ih\_^_gb_ j_[_gdZ jZaebqZ_l \ukhlm ]hehkZ
:dlb\gZy j_qv
: Ijb h[s_gbb kh \ajhkeuf ihevam_lky lj_okeh\gufb ij_^eh`_gbyfb mihlj_[eyy ijbeZ]Zl_evgu_ b f_klhbf_gby
F_lh^bdZ \uy\e_gby kblmZpby _kl_kl\_ggZy \h \j_fy b]ju j_`bfguo ijhp_kkh\ ijb h[s_gbb kh \ajhkeuf
Ih\_^_gb_ j_[_gdZ h[sZ_lky kh \ajhkeuf ihkj_^kl\hf j_qb ^\mo b lj_okeh\gufb ij_^eh`_gbyfb
G_ h[sZ_lky kh \ajhkeuf ^\mo b lj_okeh\gufb ij_^eh`_gbyfb
H[jZapu lj_okeh\guo ij_^eh`_gbc j_[_gdZ
OZjZdl_j Z]jZffZlbafZ
; Mihlj_[e_gb_ \bgbl_evgh]h iZ^_`Z ]h^Z < Mihlj_[e_gb_ ij_^eh`gh]h iZ^_`Z ]h^Z = Mihlj_[e_gb_ keh\ k kmnnbdkhf mf_gvrbl_evghklb ]h^Z
> IjZdlbq_kdh_ mihlj_[e_gb_ bf_gbl_evgh]h iZ^_`Z fgh`_kl\_ggh]h qbkeZ k hdhgqZgb_f u b ]h^Z
? Keh]h\Zy kljmdlmjZ keh\Z mihlj_[e_gb_ lj_okeh`guo keh\ [_a kl_q_gby kh]eZkguo ]h^Z lbiZ fZrbgZ fZebgZ kh[ZdZ fhehdh
@ A\mdh\Zy klhjhgZ keh\Z hlf_qZxlky bkdZ`_gby hlkmlkl\b_ aZf_gu kf_rZgby a\mdh\
=eZkgu_ a\mdb ]h^Z Kh]eZkgu_ a\mdb
IhgbfZgb_ j_qb
: IhgbfZgb_ h[jZs_gghc j_qb ihgbfZgb_ keh\ h[hagZqZxsbo ij_^f_lu ^_ckl\by b ijbagZdb
b]jmrdb dmdeZ fbrdZ fyq xeZ aZcdZ ihkm^Z qZrdZ lZj_edZ eh`dZ h^_`^Z rZidZ iZevlh [hlbgdb ieZlv_ rlZgbrdb jm[ZrdZ f_[_ev klhe klme rdZn djh\Zlv qZklb l_eZ ]heh\Z jmdb gh]b r_y qZklb ebpZ ]eZaZ jhl ghk s_db eh[
^hfZrgb_ `b\hlgu_ kh[ZdZ dhrdZ i_lmo ehrZ^v dhjh\Z ljZgkihjl fZrbgZ Z\lh[mk ih_a^ kZfhe_l njmdlu y[ehdh Zi_evkbg keb\Z h\hsb fhjdh\v h]mj_p ihfb^hj
qZklb l_eZ `b\hlgh]h ]heh\Z gh]b o\hkl ]eZaZ mku ^_ckl\by h^_\Zlvky _klv iblv meu[Zlvky b]jZlv kljhblv dZlZlvky fulv
]eZ^blv e_qblv
ijbeZ]Zl_evgu_ h[hagZqZxsb_ \_ebqbgm p\_l b \dmk [hevrhc fZe_gvdbc ^ebgguc dhjhldbc djZkguc kbgbc `_eluc a_e_guc keZ^dbc dbkeuc
gZj_qby [ebadh ^Ze_dh gbadh \ukhdh [ukljh f_^e_ggh l_fgh k\_leh FZl_jbZe ehlh dZjlbgguc fZl_jbZe
; IhgbfZgb_ ij_^eh`gh iZ^_`guo dhgkljmdpbc b ij_^eh]h\ ihgbfZgb_ ij_^eh]h\
aZ ih ^h gZ^ k f_k
FZl_jbZe rZjbd dm[bd dhjh[dZ k djurdhc f_[_ev ]jmiiu klhe klme
]hjdZ F_lh^bdZ \uy\e_gby j_[_gdm ij_^eZ]Zxl \uihegblv ihjmq_gby
< IhgbfZgb_ _^bgkl\_ggh]h b fgh`_kl\_ggh]h qbkeZ ijbeZ]Zl_evgh]h
]h^Z f_k
FZl_jbZe dZjlbgu kbgbc neZ`hd Fbgb_ neZ`db djZkguc neZ`hd djZkgu_ neZ`db djZkguc dm[bd djZkgu_ dm[bdb [hevrhc dm[bd [hevrb_ dm[bdb
F_lh^bdZ \uy\e_gby j_[_gdm ij_^eZ]Zxl gZclb [hevrhc dm[bd b [hevrb_ dm[bdb
Ih\_^_gb_ j_[_gdZ gZoh^bl g_h[oh^bfu_ dZjlbgdb
G_ ihgbfZ_l g_ gZoh^bl
= IhgbfZgb_ gZklhys_]h b ijhr_^r_]h \j_f_gb ]eZ]heZ ]h^Z f_k
[_k_^Z k j_[_gdhf h lhf qlh hg ^_eZe beb [m^_l ^_eZlv Ih\_^_gb_ j_[_gdZ ihgbfZ_l gZklhys__ b ijhr_^r__ \j_fy G_ ihgbfZ_l \j_f_g ]eZ]heZ
Kemoh\h_ \gbfZgb_ b nhg_fZlbq_kdbc kemo jZaebq_gb_ keh\ [ebadbo ih a\mqZgbx ]h^Z f_k
FZl_jbZe dZjlbgu furdZ fbrdZ klhe klme mku mrb _`ZlZ furZlZ dhkZ dhaZ
F_lh^bdZ \uy\e_gby j_[_gdm ij_^eZ]Zxl gZclb g_h[oh^bfmx dZjlbgdm
Ih\_^_gb_ j_[_gdZ ijZ\bevgh gZoh^bl dZjlbgdb jZaebqZ_l keh\Z [ebadb_ ih a\mqZgbx
:dlb\gZy j_qv : =h\hjbl fgh]hkeh\gufb ij_^eh`_gbyfb [he__ lj_o keh\
F_lh^bdZ kblmZpby _kl_kl\_ggZy <ajhkeuc g_ijbgm`^_ggh [_k^m_l k j_[_gdhf gZ ex[mx [ebadmx _fm l_fm
Ih\_^_gb_ j_[_gdZ \ k\h_c j_qb mihlj_[ey_l ohly [u h^bg jZa fgh]hkeh\gh_ ij_^eh`_gb_ [he__ lj_o keh\ H[jZapu fgh]hkeh\guo ij_^eh`_gbc
OZjZdl_j Z]jZffZlbafZ \ ij_^eh`_gbb
G_ ]h\hjbl fgh]hkeh\gufb ij_^eh`_gbyfb
; IjZdlbq_kdh_ mihlj_[e_gb_ jh^bl_evgh]h iZ^_`Z ]h^Z f_k
< IjZdlbq_kdh_ mihlj_[e_gb_ ^Zl_evgh]h iZ^_`Z ]h^Z f_k
|
= IjZdlbq_kdh_ mihlj_[e_gb_ l\hjbl_evgh]h iZ^_`Z ]h^Z f_k |
|
|
|
> IjZdlbq_kdh_ mihlj_[e_gb_ _^bgkl\_ggh]h b fgh`_kl\_ggh]h |
qbkeZ |
|
|
kms_kl\bl_evgh]h ]h^Z f_k |
|
|
|
? IjZdlbq_kdh_ mihlj_[e_gb_ \ha\jZlguo ]eZ]heh\ ]h^Z f_k |
|
|
|
@ IjZdlbq_kdh_ mihlj_[e_gb_ _^bgkl\_ggh]h b fgh`_kl\_ggh]h qbkeZ |
||
|
]eZ]heZ ]h^Z f_k |
|
|
|
Ihy\eyxlky \hijhku ]^_"dm^Z"]h^Z f_k ]h^Z f_k |
|
|
|
F_lh^bdZ \uy\e_gby |
\ajhkeuc \_^_l aZibkv j_qb j_[_gdZ \h |
\j_fy |
|
j_`bfguo ijhp_kkh\ beb kZfhklhyl_evghc ^_yl_evghklb \ l_q_gb_ |
||
|
fbg |
|
|
|
Ih\_^_gb_ j_[_gdZ ohly [u jZa aZ^Z_l \hijhk ]^_"beb dm^Z" |
|
|
|
G_ ihy\eyxlky \hijhku \ j_qb j_[_gdZ |
|
|
|
B Keh]h\Zy kljmdlmjZ keh\Z |
|
|
|
Mihlj_[e_gb_ ^\mokeh`guo keh\ lbiZ ebfhg [Zlhg |
|
|
|
D A\mdh\Zy klhjhgZ keh\Z |
|
|
|
Hlf_qZxlky bkdZ`_gby hlkmlkl\b_ aZf_gu kf_r_gby a\mdh\ |
|
|
|
=eZkgu_ a\mdb ]h^Z f_k |
|
|
|
Kh]eZkgu_ a\mdb |
|
|
|
|
]h^Z f_k ]h^Z |
|
|
IhgbfZgb_ j_qb |
|
|
|
: IhgbfZgb_ ij_^eh`gh iZ^_`guo dhgkljmdpbc b ij_^eh]h\ |
|
|
|
IhgbfZgb_ ij_^eh]h\ q_j_a hdheh i_j_^ ]h^Z |
|
|
|
FZl_jbZe rZjbd dm[bd dhjh[dZ k djurdhc f_[_ev ]jmiiu klhe klme |
||
]hjdZ |
|
|
|
|
F_lh^bdZ \uy\e_gby j_[_gdm ij_^eZ]Zxl \uihegblv ihjmq_gby |
|
|
|
Ih\_^_gb_ j_[_gdZ \uihegy_l ihjmq_gby |
|
|
|
G_ \uihegy_l ihjmq_gby g_ ihgbfZ_l ij_^eh]b |
|
|
|
; IhgbfZgb_ keh\ k kmnnbdkhf m\_ebqbl_evghklb |
|
|
|
FZl_jbZe dZjlbgdb |
_`b [hevrhc b fZe_gvdbc ^hfZ [hevrhc b |
|
|
fZe_gvdbc dhlu [hevrhc b fZe_gvdbc |
|
|
F_lh^bdZ \uy\e_gby j_[_gdm ij_^ty\eyxl dZjlbgdb b kijZrb\Zxl ]^_ _` Z ]^_ _`bs_ b l ^
Ih\_^_gb_ j_[_gdZ gZoh^bl g_h[oh^bfu_ dZjlbgdb
G_ ihgbfZ_l g_ gZoh^bl
< IhgbfZgb_ ij_nbdkZevguo hlghr_gbc
IhgbfZgb_ ]eZ]heh\ k jZaebqgufb ijbklZ\dZfb
F_lh^bdZ \uy\e_gby j_[_gdZ ijhkyl \uihegblv ihjmq_gby hldjulv aZdjulv ijbg_klb mg_klb aZ\_jgmlv jZa\_jgmlv
Ih\_^_gb_ j_[_gdZ ijZ\bevgh \uihegy_l ihjmq_gby
G_ ihgbfZ_l g_ \uihegyxl ihjmq_gby