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Киевский национальный экономический университет им. В. Гетьмана

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Directions

In the rest of this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. For questions 31-60, you are to choose the one best answer, (A), (B), (C), or (D), to each question. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage.

Questions 31 through 34 are based on (he following reading.

Elizabeth Blackwell was born in England in 1821, and emigrated to New York City when she was ten years old. One day she decided that she wanted to become a doctor. That was nearly impossible for a woman in the middle of the nineteenth century. After writing many letters seeking admission to medical schools, she was finally accepted by a doctor in Philadelphia. So determined was she, that she taught school and gave music lessons to earn money for her tuition.

In 1849, after graduation from medical school, she decided to further her education in Paris. She wanted to be a surgeon, but a serious eye infection forced her to abandon the idea.

Upon returning to (he United Slates, she found it difficult to start her own practice because she was a woman. By 1857 Elizabeth and her sister, also a doctor, along with another female doctor, managed to open a new hospital, the first for women and children. Besides being the first female physician and founding her own hospital, she also established the first medical school for women.

31. Why couldn't Elizabeth Blackwell realize her dream of becoming a surgeon?

(A) She couldn't get admitted to medical school.

(B) She decided to further her education in Paris.

(D) It was difficult for her to start a practice in the United States.

32. What main obstacle almost destroyed Elizabeth's chances for becoming a doctor?

(A) She was a woman.

(B) She wrote too many letters.

(D) She couldn't establish her hospital.

33. How many years elapsed between her graduation from medical school and the opening of her hospital?

A) 8

(B) 10

(D) 36

34. All of the following are "firsts" in the life of Elizabeth Blackwell, except

(A) she became the first female physician

(B) she was the first woman surgeon

(D) she established the first medical school for women

Questions 35 through 38 are based on the following reading.

Glands manufacture and secrete necessary substances. Exocrine glands secrete their products through ducts, but endocrine glands, or ductless glands, release their products directly into the bloodstream.

One important endocrine gland is the thyroid gland. It is in the neck and has two lobes, one on each side of the windpipe. The thyroid gland collects iodine from the blood and produces thyroxine, an important hormone, which it stores in an inactive form. When thyroxine is needed by the body, the thyroid gland excretes it directly into the bloodstream. Thyroxine is combined in the body cells with other chemicals and affects many functions of the body.

The thyroid gland may be underactive or overactive, resulting in problems. An underactive thyroid causes hypothyroidism, while an overactive one causes hyperthyroidism. The former problem, called myxedema in adults and cretinism in children, causes the growth process to slow down. A cretin's body and mind do not grow to their full potential. Hyperthyroidism, on the other hand, results in extreme nervousness, an increase in heart action, and other problems.

Either hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism may result in goiter, or an enlarged thyroid gland. A goiter will appear when the body is not getting enough iodine. Goiter is less common today, since most people use iodized salt.

35. The thyroid gland is called an endocrine gland

(A) because it has ducts

(B) because it has lobes

(D) because it is located in the neck

36. A cretin is

(A) a child with hyperthyroidism

(B) an adult with an underperforming thyroid gland

(D) an extremely irritable child

17. Which of the following is a probable result of myxedema?

(A) sluggishness

(B) hyperactivity

(D) perspiration

38. A goiter is

(A) a person with myxedema

(B) a swollen thyroid gland

(D) a chemical

Questions 39 through 43 are based on the following reading.

A recent investigation by scientists at the U.S. Geological Survey shows that strange animal behavior might help predict future earthquakes. Investigators found such occurrences in a ten-kilometer radius of the epicenter of a fairly recent quake. Some birds screeched and flew about wildly; dogs yelped and ran around uncontrollably.

Scientists believe that animals can perceive these environmental changes as early as several days before the mishap.

In 1976 after observing animal behavior, the Chinese were able to predict a devastating quake. Although hundreds of thousands of people were killed, the government was able to evacuate millions of other people and thus keep the death toll at a lower level.

39. What prediction may be made by observing animal behavior?

(A) an impending earthquake

(B) the number of people who will die

(D) environmental changes

40. Why can animals perceive these changes when humans cannot?

(A) Animals are smarter than humans.

(B) Animals have certain instincts that humans don't possess.

(D) Humans don't know where to look.

41. Which of the following is not true?

(A) Some animals may be able to sense an approaching earthquake.

(B) By observing animal behavior scientists perhaps can predict earthquakes.

(D) All birds and dogs in a ten-kilometer radius of the epicenter went wild before the quake.

42. In this passage, the word evacuate most nearly means

(A) remove

(B) exile

(D) emaciate

43. If scientists can accurately predict earthquakes, there will be

(A) fewer animals going crazy

(В) a lower death rate

(D) fewer environmental changes

Questions 44 through 47 are based on the following reading.

As a result of the recent oil crisis, 9.9 million of California's 15 million motorists were subjected to an odd-even plan of gas rationing. The governor signed a bill forcing motorists with license plates ending in odd numbers to buy gas only on odd-numbered days, and those ending in even numbers on even-numbered days. Those whose plates were all letters or specially printed had to follow the odd-numbered plan.

Exceptions were made only for emergencies and out-of-state drivers. Those who could not get gas were forced to walk, bike, or skate to work.

This plan was expected to eliminate the long lines at many service stations. Those who tried to purchase more than twenty gallons of gas or tried to fill a more than half filled tank would be fined and possibly imprisoned.

44. All of the following are true except

(A) officials hoped that this plan would alleviate long gas lines

(B) a gas limit was imposed

(D) the governor signed the bill concerning gas rationing

45. Those who violated the rationing program

(A) were forced to walk, bike, or skate to work

(B) were fined and possibly imprisoned

(D) were forced to use odd-numbered days

46. The gas rationing plan was not binding on

(A) even-numbered license plates

(B) odd-numbered license plates

(D) out-of-state plates

47. California was forced to adopt this plan because

(A) a recent oil crisis necessitated it

(B) too many drivers were filling their tanks with more than twenty gallons and spilling it

(D) too many motorists had odd-numbered plates

Questions 48 through 52 are based on the following passage.

As far back as 700 b.c., man has talked about children being cared for by wolves. Romulus and Remus, the legendary twin founders of Rome, were purported to have been cared for by wolves. It is believed that when a she-wolf loses her litter, she seeks a human child to take its place.

This seemingly preposterous idea did not become credible until the late nineteenth century when a French doctor actually found a naked ten-year-old boy wandering in the woods. He did not walk erect, could not speak intelligibly, nor could he relate to people. He only growled and stared at them. Finally the doctor won the boy's confidence and began to work with him. After many long years of devoted and patient instruction, the doctor was able to get the boy to clothe and feed himself, recognize and utter a number of words, as well as write letters and form words.

48. The French doctor found the boy

(A) wandering in the woods

(B) at his doorstep

(D) speaking intelligibly

49. In this passage, the word litter most nearly means

(A) garbage

(B) master

(D) hair

50. The doctor was able to work with the boy because

(A) the boy was highly intelligent

(B) the boy trusted him

(D) the boy was dedicated and patient

51. Which of the following statements is not true?

(A) She-wolves have been said to substitute human children for their lost litters.

(B) Examples of wolves' caring for human children can be found only in the nineteenth century.

(D) The young boy never was able to speak perfectly.

52. In this passage, the word preposterous most nearly means

(A) dedicated

(B) scientific

(D) absurd

Directions for questions 53 and 54

For each of these questions, choose the answer that is closest in meaning to the original sentence. Note that several of the choices may be factually correct, but you should choose the one that is the closest restatement of the given sentence.

53. Hal used to play on the country club's racquetball team.

(A) Hal plays with the racquetball team at the country club.

(B) Hal doesn't play racquetball any more, but still belongs to the country club.

(D) Hal used to team up with the country club and play racquetball.

54. Peter is attending a private school and is majoring in electronics.

(A) Peter is specializing in electronics at a private school.

(B) Peter is a major at a private electronics school.

(D) Peter's private school is letting him major in electronics.

Questions 55 through 60 are based on the following reading.

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a bacteria that has been isolated from sea water, shell fish, finfish, plankton and salt springs. It has been a major cause of food poisoning in Japan and the Japanese have done several studies on it. They have confirmed the presence of V. parahaemolyticus in the north and central Pacific with the highest abundance in inshore waters, particularly in or near large harbors.

A man named Nishio studied the relationship between the chloride content of sea water and the seasonal distribution of V. parahaemolyticus and concluded that while the isolation of V. parahaemolyticus was independent of the sodium chloride content, the distribution of V. parahaemolyticus in sea water was dependent on the water temperature. In fact it has been isolated in high frequencies during summer, from June to September, but was not isolated with the same frequency in winter.

Within four or five days after eating contaminated foods, a person will begin to experience diarrhea, the most common symptom; this will very often be accompanied by stomach cramps, nausea, and vomiting. Headache and fever, with or without chills, may also be experienced.

55. Which of the following locations would be most likely to have a high concentration of Vibrio parahaemolyticus?

(A) a bay

(B) a sea

(D) sediment

56. The safest time for eating seafood is probably

(A) August

(B) November

(D) September

57. The most common symptom of V. parahaemolyticus is

(a) nausea

(B) diarrhea

(D) headache and fever

58. The incubation period for this illness is

(A) 2 to 3 days

(B) 3 to4 hours

(D) several months

59. Nishio's study showed that

(A) the presence of V. parahaemolyticus was dependent on neither the salt content nor the water temperature

(B) the presence of V. parahaemolyticus was dependent on only the salt content

(D) the presence of V. parahaemolyticus was dependent on the water temperature

60. The word cramp in the reading means most nearly

(A) noises

(B) toxicity

(D) high temperature

PRACTICE TEST 4

SECTION II:

STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION

PART A

DIRECTIONS

Questions 1-15 are incomplete sentences. Beneath each sentence you will see four words or phrases, marked (А), (В), (С), and (D). Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. Fill in the space so that the letter inside the oval cannot be seen.

1. The cyclist_________ he crossed the main street.

(A) looked with caution after

(В) had looked cautiously before

(D) looks cautious when

2. Here_________ notebook and report that I promised you last week.

(A) is the

(B) are the

(D) has been a

3. Neither Jane nor her brothers _________ a consent form for tomorrow's field trip.

(A) need

(B) needs

(D) has need

4. Cuba is_________ sugar-growing areas in the world.

(A) one of the larger

(B) one of largest

(D) largest

5. The skiers would rather_________ through the mountains than go by bus.

(A) to travel on train

(B) traveled by train

(D) traveling by the train

6. That magnificent_________ temple was constructed by the Chinese.

(A) eight-centuries-old

(B) eight-century's old

(D) eight-century-old

7. There were two small rooms in the beach house, _________ served as a kitchen.

(A) the smaller of which

(B) the smallest of which

(D) smallest of that

8. Pioneer men and women endured terrible hardships, and _________.

(A) so do their children

(B) neither did the children

(D) so did their children

9. Last year, Matt earned_________ his brother, who has a better position.

(A) twice as much as

(B) twice more than

(D) twice as more as

10. _________ , he would have been able to pass the exam.

(A) If he studied more

(B) If he were studying to a greater degree

(D) Had he studied more

11. Mr. Duncan does not know_________ the lawn mower after they had finished using it.

(A) where did they put

(B) where they did put

(D) where to put

12. The facilities of the older hospital_________

(A) is as good or better than the new hospital

(B) are as good or better that the new hospital

(D) are as good as or better than those of the new hospital

13. Our flight from Amsterdam to London was delayed_________ the heavy fog.

(A) because of

(B) because

(D) as result

14. The teacher suggested that her students _________ experiences with ESP.

(A) write a composition on their

(B) to write composition about the

(D) had written any compositions for his

15. Of the two new teachers, one is experienced and _________

(A) the others are not

(B) another is inexperienced

(D) other lacks experience

PART B

DIRECTIONS

In questions 16-40 each sentence has four underlined words or phrases. The four underlined parts of the sentence are marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.

16. While searching for the wreckage of a unidentified aircraft, the Coast Guard encountered severe squalls at sea.

А В C D

17. Although a number of police officers was guarding the priceless treasures in the museum, the director worried that someone

А В

would try to steal them.

C D

18. Since it was so difficult for American Indians to negotiate a peace treaty or declare war in their native language, they used a

А В C

universal understood form of sign language.

19. Louis Braille designed a form of communication enabling people to convey and preserve their thoughts to incorporate a series

А В C

of dots which were read by the finger tips.

20. While verbalization is the most common form of language in existence, humans make use of many others systems and

А В C

techniques to express their thoughts and feelings.

21. The need for a well-rounded education was an idea espoused by the Greeks in time of Socrates.

А В C D

22. Writers and media personnel sell theirselves best by the impression given in their verbal expression.

А В C D

23. In the spirit of the naturalist writers, that author's work portrays man's struggle for surviving.

А В C D

24. Stephen Crane's story is a clinical portrayal of man as an animal trapped by the fear and hunger.

А В C D

25. Their silly, whiny conversation on a child level was meant to create tension and heighten Nancy's fears and anxiety.

А В C D

26. For a long time, this officials have been known throughout the country as political bosses and law enforcers.

А В C D

27. Nora hardly never misses an opportunity to play in the tennis tournaments.

А В C D

28. Air pollution, together with littering, are causing many problems in our large, industrial cities today.

А В C D

29. Because of the severe snow storm and the road blocks, the air force dropped food and medical supplies close the city.

А В C D

30. Hummingbirds are the only birds capable to fly backward as well as forward, up, and

А В C D

down.

31. The news of the president's treaty negotiations with the foreign government were received with mixed emotions by the citizens

А В C

of both governments.

32. Angle's bilingual ability and previous-experience were the qualities that which helped her get the job over all the other

А В C D

candidates.

33. Joel giving up smoking has caused him to gain weight and become irritable with his acquaintances.

А В C D

34. They asked me what did happen last night, but I was unable to tell them.

А В C D

35. The test administrator ordered we not to open our books until he told us to do so.

А В C D

36. Our new neighbors had been living in Arizona since ten year before moving to their present house.

А В C D

37. I would of attended the meeting of the planning committee last week, but I had to deliver a speech at a convention.

А В C D

38. We are suppose to read all of chapter seven and answer the questions for tomorrow's class.

А В C D

39. The explanation that our instructor gave us was different than the one yours gave you.

А В C D

40. In the sixteenth century, Spain became involved in foreign war with several other European countries and could not find the

А В C

means of finance the battles that ensued.

SECTION III: VOCABLUARY AND READING COMPREHENSION

Part A

DIRECTIONS

In questions 1-30 each sentence has an underlined word or phrase. Below each sentence are four other words or phrases, marked (A), (B), (('), and (D). You are to choose the one word or phrase that best keeps the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined word or phrase Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and nil in the space that corresponds to the letter you have chosen. Fill in the space so that the letter inside the oval cannot be seen.

1. The house by the-sea had a mysterious air of serenity about it.

(A) melancholy

(B) joy

(D) calmness

2. The speaker emphasized the need for cooperation in the project that we were about to undertake.

(A) accentuated

(B) downplayed

(D) displayed

3. Marsha found it difficult to cope with the loss of her job.

(A) anticipate

(B) think about

(D) confirm

4. The number of unemployed people in our country is increasing rapidly.

(A) licensed

(B) working

(D) jobless

5. Migrant workers have difficulty finding steady employment.

(A) midget

(B) diligent

(D) unmotivated

6. Christopher Columbus was the first person to navigate under the patronage of Queen Isabella of Spain.

(A) explore

(B) sail

(D) circumvent

7. The sun's intense rays distorted the image on the horizon.

(A) reflected

(B) altered

(D) disrupted

8. A new government department was established to control maritime traffic.

(A) sea

(B) military

(D) air

9. His company empowered him to negotiate the contract.

(A) helped

(B) forbade

(D) ordered

10. His involuntary reflexes betrayed his feelings.

(A) automatic

(B) unbelievable

(D) unreasonable

11. The principal congratulated the student on his outstanding display of leadership.

(A) alluded

(B) scolded

(D) contacted

12. A middle-aged woman of tremendous girth sat down beside the other patients in the waiting room.

(A) prestige

(B) rotundity

(D) mirth

13. Numbing terror filled their brains as they witnessed the explosions.

(A) torpid

(B) tantalizing

(D) sentient

14. The atmosphere in the police chief's office was electric with contention.

(A) discord

(B) rejoicing

(D) curiosity

15. Penny's impromptu speech given at the state competition won her the first prize.

(A) interesting

(B) informative

(D) expressive

16. The slender boy scaled the wall like a lizard.

(A) balanced

(B) crawled

(D) climbed

17. The salon was the most elegant room Madeline had ever seen, despite its austerity.

(A) flexibility

(B) design

(D) simplicity

18. The Royal Museum contains a facsimile of the king's famous declaration.

(A) copy

(B) showcase

(D) new edition

19. The raccoon is a nocturnal animal.

(A) harmless

(B) night

(D) diurnal

20. The author wrote with great clarity, not missing a single detail.

(A) genius

(B) cleverness

(D) extensiveness

21. Double agents live in a perpetual state of fear.

(A) perfect

(B) constant

(D) perpetrated

22. After the alien spacecraft had hovered over the park for a short while, it vanished.

(A) landed

(B) disappeared

(D) rose

23. After receiving the insulting letter, Ron became furious.

(A) ghastly

(B) resentful

(D) irate

24. Her childhood poverty caused Lucy to be very thrifty as she grew older.

(A) practicality

(B) indigence

(D) shyness

25. If the crops are not irrigated soon, the harvest will be sparse.

(A) watered

(B) plowed

(D) fertilized

26. While in Europe on vacation, the twins roamed the countryside on their bikes.

(A) rounded

(B) rocked

(D) rustled

27. The coroner was able to extract a minute particle of cloth from under the victim's fingernail.

(A) infinitesimal

(B) significant

(D) short

28. Let's suppose that we are floating in a cool pool on a hot summer's day.

(A) imagine

(B) imply

(D) suggest

29. The students' records were not readily accessible for their perusal.

(A) offered

(B) available

(D) accountable

30. Scientists say that brown genes are dominant and blue ones are recessive.

(A) controlling

(B) docile

(D) doleful

Pan В

DIRECTIONS

Questions 31 through 34 are based on the following reading.

Why would anyone want to set aside a day to honor a lowly little groundhog? The answer to that question is not certain, but a group of people get together every February 2 in Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania, to watch Punxsutawney "Pete" leave his burrow. What "Pete" does next, many believe, will indicate whether spring is just around the corner or a long way off. You see, in Pennsylvania on this date there is usually a great deal of snow on the ground, and the little animal has been hibernating during the long, cold winter. He gorged himself during the autumn months and then went into his burrow for a long sleep, his body fat helping keep him alive. But as he с emerges on February 2, he looks very thin. If the sun is shining brightly and he sees his shadow, according to legend, it scares him back into his home where he will stay another six weeks. Should it be cloudy and gray, the little animal will supposedly wander around for food—a Sure sign that spring is near. While many believe in the groundhog's predictions, it is unwise to accept them as factual.

31. According to this reading, why do people gather every year to observe the groundhog?

(A) He's cute and playful, and children love to watch him.

(B) He's looking for food and the people want to help him find it in the' snow.

(D) The people want to be sure he is alive after such a long winter.

32. How does the groundhog manage to stay alive during the long winter?

(A) People set out food for him.

(B) His stored body fat sustains him.

(D) It is a mystery as yet unsolved.

33. Which of the following is not true?

(А) Animals have a certain instinct which helps them predict the seasons.

(B) According to the legend, the groundhog leaves his burrow on February 2.

(D) After his long period of hibernation, the groundhog looks very thin.

34. What prediction does the groundhog supposedly make?

(A) If he sees his shadow, it will soon be spring.

(B) If he sees his shadow, spring will not arrive for another six weeks.

(D) If he does not see his shadow, all the snow will disappear immediately.

Questions 35 through 38 are based on the following reading.

The First Amendment to the American Constitution declares freedom of the press to all men. Although this right was not officially adopted until 1791, the famous Zenger trial of 1735 laid the groundwork for insuring this precious freedom.

John Peter Zenger emigrated as a teenager from Germany. In 1733 he began publishing the New York Weekly Journal. The following year, he was arrested for writing a story about the crown-appointed governor of New York. While he was imprisoned for nine months, Zenger's wife dutifully published the newpaper every day, bravely telling the truth about the corrupt government officials sent by the king to govern the colonies.

Finally Zenger's long-awaited trial took place. The hostile judge dismissed Zenger's local lawyers, making it necessary for his wife to seek out Andrew Hamilton, a prominent Philadelphia lawyer. Persuaded by Hamilton, the jury bravely returned a not-guilty verdict defying the judge's orders for a conviction.

As a result of determination and bravery on the part of the colonists, a lasting victory for freedom of the press was set by a young immigrant.

35. John Peter Zcnger was a_____________

(A) corrupt governor of New York

(B) famous lawyer

(D) hostile judge

36. What political problem existed in the colonies at that time?

(A) Government officials were corrupt.

(B) Newspapers exaggerated the truth about the political officials.

(D) All newspaper publishers were imprisoned.

37. How long did it take after the Zenger trial before the concept of freedom of the press was officially adopted?

(A) 9 months

(B) 1 year

(D) 58 years

38. Which of the following is not true?

(A) Despite Zenger's imprisonment, his newspaper continued to be published.

(B) Andrew Hamilton encouraged the jury to fight for freedom.

(С) The jury obeyed the judge's orders and convicted Zenger.

(D) The king controlled the colonies through his own appointed rulers.

Questions 39 through 41 are based on the following reading.

When buying a house, you must be sure to have it checked for termites. A termite is much like an ant in its communal habits, although physically the two insects are distinct.

Like those of ants, termite colonies consist of different classes, each with its own particular job. The most perfectly formed termites, both male and female, make up the reproductive class. They have eyes, hard body walls, and fully developed wings. A pair of reproductive termites founds the colony. When new reproductive termites develop, they leave to form another colony. They use their wings only this one time and then break them off.

The worker termites arc small, blind, and wingless, with soft bodies. They make up the majority of the colony and do all the work. Soldiers arc also wingless and blind but are larger than the workers and have hard heads and strong jaws and legs. They defend the colony and are cared for by the workers.

The male, and female of the reproductive class remain inside a closed-in cell where the female lays thousands of eggs. The worker* place the eggs in cells and care for them.

39. How are termites like ants?

(A) They live in communities, and each class has a specific duty.

(B) Their bodies are the same shape.

(D) The females' reproductive capacities are the same.

40. Which of the following is not true?

(A) All termites have eyes.

(B) Some termites cannot fly.

(D) Termites do not fly often.

41. Which of the following statements is probably true?

(A) Thousands of termites may move together to develop a new colony.

(B) The male and female reproductives do not venture outdoors except to form a new colony.

(D) A worker could easily kill a soldier.

Questions 42 through 46 are based on the following reading.

In recent years, there has been an increasing awareness of the inadequacies of the judicial system in the United States. Costs are staggering both for the taxpayers and the litigants—and the litigants, or parties, have to wait sometimes many years before having their day in court. Many suggestions have been made concerning methods of ameliorating the situation, but as in most branches of government, changes come slowly.

One suggestion that has been made in order to maximize the efficiency of the system is to allow districts that have an overabundance of pending cases to borrow judges from other districts that do not have such a backlog. Another suggestion is to use pretrial conferences, in which the judge meets in his chambers with the litigants and their attorneys in order to narrow the issues, limit the witnesses, and provide for a more orderly trial. The theory behind pretrial conferences is that judges will spend less time on each case and .parties will more readily settle before trial when they realize the adequacy of their claims and their opponents' evidence. Unfortunately, at least one study has shown that pretrial conferences .actually use more judicial time than they save, rarely result in pretrial settlements, and actually result in higher damage settlements.

Many states have now established another method, small-claims courts, in which cases over small sums of money can be disposed of with considerable dispatch. Such proceedings cost the litigants almost nothing. In California, for example, the parties must appear before the judge without the assistance of counsel. The proceedings are quite informal and there is no pleading—the litigants need to make only a one-sentence statement of their claim. By going to this type of court, the plaintiff waives any right to a jury trial and the right to appeal the decision.

In coming years, we can expect to see more and more innovations in the continuing effort to remedy a situation which must be remedied if the citizens who have valid claims are going to be able to have their day in court.

42. The pretrial conference, in theory, is supposed to do all of the following except

(A) narrow the issues

(B) cause early settlements

(D) increase settlement costs

43. What is the main topic of the passage?

(A) All states should follow California's example in using small-claims courts in order to free judges for other work.

(B) The legislature needs to formulate fewer laws so that the judiciary can catch up on its older cases.

(D) While there are many problems with the court system, there are viable suggestions for improvement.

44. The word litigants means most nearly

(A) jury members

(B) commentators

(D) taxpayers

45. Which of the following is true about small-claims courts?

(A) It is possible to have one's case heard by a jury if he or she is dissatisfied with the court's decision.

(B) The litigants must plead accurately and according to a strict form.

(D) The parties may not present their cases without an attorney's help.

46. What can we assume from the passage?

(A) Most people who feel they have been wronged have a ready remedy in courts of law.

(B) Many people would like to bring a case to court, but are unable to because of the cost and time required.

(D) Pretrial conferences will someday probably have replaced trials completely.

Questiions 47 through 50 are based on the following reading.

In 1971, the great Persian Empire celebrated the 2500th anniversary of its founding. Its founder was Cyrus the Great, who proclaimed himself the King of Kings. His son Cambyses succeeded him, conquering Egypt and expanding the empire. Darius I followed Cambyses and was probably the most famous of this long line of kings. Under his rule, the empire stretched as far as India. Governors were placed in charge of the provinces. Extensive systems of roads and waterways improved communication throughout the realm. He was one of a few ancient rulers who permitted his subjects to worship as they wished. The magnificent city of Persepolis, founded under his direction in 518 B.C., was a ceremonial center then as well as in the 1970's,

47. Who is considered the founder of the Persian Empire?

(A) Persepolis

(B) Cyrus

(D) Cambyses

48. in what year was the Persian Empire founded?

(A) 2500 B.c.

(В) 518В.С.

(D) 971 a.d.

49. Who was the predecessor of Cambyses?

(A) Egypt

(B) Darius I

(D) Cyrus

50. Which of the following best describes the empire under Darius I?

(A) ceremonial

(B) bellicose

(D) progressive

Questions 51 through 54 are based on the following reading.

In an effort to produce the largest, fastest, and most luxurious ship afloat, the British built the Titanic. It was so superior to anything else on the seas that it was dubbed "unsinkable." So sure of this were the owners that they provided lifeboats for only 950 of its possible 3,500 passengers.

Many passengers were aboard the night it rammed an iceberg, only two days at sea and more than half way between England and the New York destination. Because the luxury liner was traveling so fast, it was impossible to avoid the ghostly looking iceberg. An unextinguished fire also contributed to the ship's submersion. Panic increased the number of casualties as people jumped into the icy water or fought to be among the few to board the lifeboats. Four hours after the mishap, another ship, the Carpathia, rescued the survivors—less than a third of those originally aboard.

The infamous Titanic enjoyed only two days of sailing glory on its maiden voyage in 1912 before plunging into 12,000 feet of water near the coast of Newfoundland, where it lies today.

51. Which of the following is not true?

(A) Only a third of those aboard perished.

(B) The Carpalhia rescued the survivors.

(D) The Titanic was the fastest ship afloat in 1912.

52. Which of the following did not contribute to the large death toll?

(A) panic

(B) fire

(D) Carpathia

53. How many days was the Titanic at sea before sinking?

(A) 2

(B) 4

(D) 12

54. The word unextinguished means most nearly the same as

(A) indestructable

(B) uncontrollable

(D) unquenched

Questions 55 through 58 are based on the following reading.

The Great Pyramid of Giza, a monument of wisdom and prophecy, was built as a tomb for Pharaoh Cheops in 2720 в.с Despite its antiquity, certain aspects of its construction make it one of the truly great wonders of the world. The four sides of the pyramid are aligned almost exactly on true north, south, east, and west—an incredible engineering feat. The ancient Egyptians were sun worshipers and great astronomers, so computations for the Great Pyramid were based on astronomical observations.

Explorations and detailed examinations of the base of the structure reveal many intersecting lines. Further scientific study indicates that these represent a type of time line of events—past, present, and future. Many of the events have been interpreted and found to coincide with known facts of the past. Others are prophesied for future generations and are presently under investigation.

Was this superstructure made by ordinary beings, or one built by a race far superior to any known today?

55. Approximately how long ago was the Great Pyramid constructed?

(A) 640 years

(B) 2,720 years

(D) 4,700 years

56. On what did the ancient Egyptians base their calculations?

(A) observation of the celestial bodies

(B) advanced technology

(D) knowledge of the earth's surface

57. Why was the Great Pyramid constructed?

(A) as a solar observatory

(B) as a religious temple

(D) as an engineering feat

58. Why is the Great Pyramid of Giza considered one of the seven wonders of the world?

(A) It is perfectly aligned with the four cardinal points of the compass and contains many prophecies.

(B) It was selected as the tomb of Pharaoh Cheops.

(D) It is very old.

Directions for questions 59 and 60

59. Parents have become increasingly concerned about the television viewing habits of their children — so much so that families are beginning to censor the programs that enter their homes.

(A) Families watch television together more often now than in the past so that they can decide whether shows are desirable or not.

(B) Families with televisions are not as close as families without televisions because the former bicker more over program choices.

(C) Although parents worry about the programs that their children watch, they find it very difficult because censorship is not what it used to be.

(D) Because of their concern over the television programs that are aired, many parents are deciding which programs they will allow their children to watch.

60. Children reared in poverty tend, on the average, to do poorly on tests of intelligence.

(A) Impoverished children are generally not as intelligent as rich children.

(B) Behind the poverty trend is an assumption that children are stupid.

(D) Intelligence tests arc poorly administered to poor children.

PRACTICE TEST 5

SECTION II:

STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION

PART A

DIRECTIONS

1. I understand that the governor is considering a new proposal _________

(A) what would eliminate unnecessary writing in government

(B) who wants to cut down on the amount of writing in government

(D) to cause that the amount of papers written in government offices will be reduced

2. The doctor told his receptionist that he would return _________

(A) as early as it would be possible

(B) at the earliest that it could be possible

(D) at the nearest early possibility

3. George belongs to the _________

(A) class of the upper middle

(B) upper middle class

(D) high medium class

4. A good student must know _________

(A) to study hard

(B) to be a good student

(D) the way of efficiency in study

5. Jane changed her major from French to business_________

(A) with hopes to be able easier to locate employment

(В) hoping she can easier get a job

(D) hoping to find a job more easily.

6. He has received several scholarships_________

(A) not only because of his artistic but his academic ability

(B) for both his academic ability as well as his artistic

(D) as resulting of his ability in the art and the academy

7. Harvey will wash the clothes, _________.

(A) iron the shirts, prepare the meal, dusting the furniture

(B) ironing the shirts, preparing the meal, and dusting the furniture

(D) to iron the shirts, prepare the meal, and dust the furniture

8. _________ that new information to anyone else but the sergeant.

(A) They asked him not to give

(B) They asked him to don't give

(D) They asked him to no give

9. _________, he would have signed his name in the corner.

(A) If he painted that picture

(B) If he paints that picture

(D) If he would have painted that picture

10. The doctor insisted that his patient _________

(A) that he not work too hard for three months

(B) take it easy for three months

(D) to take some vacations for three months

11. The manager was angry because somebody _________

(A) had allowed the photographers to enter the building

(B) had let the photographers to enter into the building

(D) the photographers let into the building without the proper documentations.

12. Richard was asked to withdraw from graduate school because_________

(A) they believed he was not really able to complete research

(B) he was deemed incapable of completing his research

(D) his ability to finish the research was not believed or trusted

13. The committee members resented _________

(A) the president that he did not tell them about the meeting

(B) the president not to inform them of the meeting

(D) that the president had failed informing themselves that there was going to be a meeting

14. _________ did Arthur realize that there was danger.

(A) Upon entering the store

(B) When he entered the store

(D) Only after entering the store

15. The rabbit scurried away in fright _________

(A) when it heard the movement in the bushes

(B) the movement among the bushes having been heard

(D) when he has heard that something moved in the bushes

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