Chapter 8 (pages 43-47)
Remember the following words and expressions, make 10 sentences with them:
slab – плита
mesh – арматурная сетка
overlap – напуск, нахлестка
brickcourse– горизонтальный ряд кирпичной кладки
conventional– традиционный, обычный
toovercometheproblem– решить проблему
bore– бурить, сверлить
trunk– ствол дерева, стержень колонны
tocontract– сжиматься, сокращаться
clay– глина
moisture– влага
blackcottonsoil– регур (тяжелый глинистый грунт)
respond– отвечать, реагировоть
flint– кремень
bored(replacement)pile– буро-заливная свая
driven (displacement) pile – забивная свая
Fill the gaps with the necessary words, there is one extra word, translate the sentences into Russian:
solution, size, strength, short-bored, bearing capacity, piled foundations, building loads, mesh reinforcement, surface, framed buildings
a The total … and the load bearing capacity of the soil are crucial for the … of the pad foundation.
b The … of the raft foundation is increased by … .
c Poor soil conditions, lightweight … , small houses usually require … piled foundations. .
d If the soil has a poor … , raft foundations are a good … .
e The … should be built when the soil near the … is not strong enough.
Put the words in the correct order to make sentences, translate them into Russian:
a holes / soil / usually / The / load-bearing / trial / is / shown / depth / suitable / of / by
b thickness / should / change / strip / the / not / The / more / in / the / foundation/ be / level / than / of
c concrete / an / floor / that / of / formed / building / Raft / is / boundaries / slab / the / foundation / forms / the / ground / oversite
d be / some / pile-driving / with / auger / by / process / The / soil / an / should / removing / preceded
e piers / and / pad / free-standing / usually / Concrete / foundations / brick / supported / are / columns / by
Mark these sentences as true (T) or false (F), explain your choice, translate them into Russian:
a Piles should be placed on the centre line of the walls that need support.
b The slab that forms the raft foundations must be thickened at the edges with an edge beam.
c The higher level foundation should extend over and meet with the lower one for a distance not less than its thickness .
d The load is distributed evenly over the ground in case a rectangular pad foundation is built .
e Bored piles are normally hammered into soft ground at measured intervals .
Answer the following questions:
a When and why are the stepped foundations built?
b What factors control the width and thickness of a strip foundation?
c What is a pad foundation? What is it used for?
d What are the types of piled foundations?
e When is it impossible to use piled foundations?
f What is a raft foundation?
g When is it preferable to build a raft foundation?
Give a summary of the passage.