Добавил:
Sekretar
kiopkiopkiop18@yandex.ru
t.me/Prokururor I Вовсе не секретарь, но почту проверяю
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_5261_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf
139
for each axis. Regarding the theme of gender and sexuality, the descriptors “LGBT,”
“LGBTQI,” “LGBTQIAPN,” “Sexuality,” “Gender,” “Heterosexuals,” “Lesbians,”
“Bisexuals,” “Gays,” “Transsexuals,” “Transvestites,” and “Trans” were used; as for
the theme of alcohol and other drugs, the terms used were “Harm reduction,”
“drugs,” “licit,” “illicit,” “alcohol,” “alcoholism,” “substance use,” and “substances.”
Serial searches were conducted with predetermined combinations of one term from
each group using the Boolean operator AND, in an arithmetic progression logic,
resulting in a total of 192 searches (96in each database). The le production was
guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
(PRISMA), whose main structure is given by the stages of (1) identication, (2)
screening, and (3) selection (Galvão etal., 2015). The results of each of the described
phases are presented in ow form in Fig.11.1.
Inclusion criteria: only scientic articles, original and available electronically, of
free access, in Portuguese language and addressing the theme in the Brazilian
national territory, published in the specic timeframe from 2019 to 2024. Repeated
results and those that did not answer the research problem were excluded. The
Fig. 11.1 Systematic review ow
11 An Analysis of Bibliographic Productions About the Use of Substances…
140
analysis did not consider specic methods in order to avoid the rigidity of the scope.
The intention to revisit the compiled knowledge reafrms itself as an opportunity to
seek new meanings and, perhaps, point out paths and possibilities for reection
(Galvão & Ricarte, 2019). During the searches and archiving of the texts, the titles
were read to identify the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The works suitable for the
study went through the reading of the abstracts and those that aligned with the
theme—use of alcohol and other drugs, stigma and LGBTQIA+ population—were
read in full (33). Of these, 17 were excluded, resulting in a total of 16 articles for
analysis.
11.3 Results andDiscussion
The analyzed articles consider drugs as any natural or synthetic substance, legal or
illegal, capable of altering people’s perception or states of consciousness. The vari-
ability of these substances is enormous: alcohol; opioids (such as heroin, codeine,
and other synthetic substances); cannabinoids (marijuana, hashish, synthetic can-
nabinoids, spices); sedatives or hypnotics (barbiturates, benzodiazepines); cocaine;
stimulants (such as amphetamines); hallucinogens (LSD; ecstasy), Sex-performance-
enhancing drugs (poppers), to enlist some of the most cited in the studies.
Considering the nature of the articles, the areas in which they were elaborated and
the population cut contemplated in the content of the bibliographic materials ana-
lyzed, it is relevant to highlight that all the selected articles are scientic produc-
tions in the eld of health, being ve from the area of epidemiology (Leal etal.,
2024; Bassichetto etal., 2024; Castoldi etal., 2021; Mota etal., 2024; Braga etal.,
2022), three from public health (Sousa etal., 2020; Campos etal., 2023; Damacena
etal., 2022), three from nursing (Souza etal., 2022a, b; Sousa etal., 2023; Lima
etal., 2021), two from collective health (Marques etal., 2021; Ribas & Silva, 2023),
two from psychology (Souza etal., 2022a); and one from mental health (Cortes
etal., 2022). In addition to authors from the mentioned areas, there are also research-
ers from the areas of medicine (Leal etal., 2024; Sousa etal., 2023), preventive and
social medicine (Braga etal., 2022) and sociology (Leal etal., 2024) signing the
publications.
The analyzed articles are of different types of studies, contemplating both quali-
tative and quantitative methodologies. Those of a qualitative nature started from
narrative reviews, integrative reviews, critical essays, and theoretical-reective
studies (Souza etal., 2022a; Marques etal., 2021; Ribas & Silva, 2023; Cortes etal.,
2022; de Souza etal., 2022; Sousa et al., 2023). Cross-sectional and transversal
design studies were used by authors who worked the data quantitatively (Leal etal.,
2024; Bassichetto etal., 2024; Castoldi et al., 2021; Mota et al., 2024; Campos
etal., 2023; Damacena etal., 2022; Sousa etal., 2020; Souza etal., 2022b; Lima
etal., 2021; Braga etal., 2022). Among the instruments used for data collection
were questionnaires followed by testing for Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs),
semi-structured forms, online surveys, interviews, and recruitment through
J. Perucchi et al.
141
Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS). There was also the use of scales, such as the
Social Support Satisfaction Scale (ESSS) and testing through the The Alcohol,
Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST).
The publications adopted different strategies for characterizing the participant
populations. The LGBTQIA+ population, broadly, appears as the main population
segment addressed in various studies (Marques etal., 2021; Ribas & Silva, 2023;
Souza etal., 2022b; Braga et al., 2022); in two of these previously cited studies
(Marques etal., 2021; Souza etal. 2022b), there are specics regarding age range
and self-declaration of these LGBTQIA+ identities. Gays and lesbians, exclusively,
made up the population sample of only one study (Souza etal. 2022a), while trans
women and transvestites appeared more frequently as the main population addressed
by the articles (Leal etal., 2024; Bassichetto etal., 2024; Cortes etal., 2022; Mota
etal., 2024). Similarly, men who have sex with men (MSM) also constituted a good
part of the publications analyzed—noting the use of this category as a way to distin-
guish this population, epistemologically, from men perceived and/or self-identied
as gay (Sousa etal., 2020, 2023; Souza etal. 2022a; Damacena etal., 2022). The
other articles addressed groups whose characteristics did not encompass perspec-
tives of sexuality and/or gender in a specic way, such as adult users of the Sanitary
Dermatology Clinic (ADS) in Porto Alegre (Castoldi etal., 2021), undergraduate
students aged 18 or older who were enrolled in health-related courses (Campos
etal., 2023), and relatives of young people hospitalized for self-poisoning (Lima
etal., 2021).
The so-called minority stress theory appears as a theoretical backdrop that pos-
tulates that social minorities, that is, population groups at a disadvantage compared
to other normative groups, experience specic stressors—related to idiosyncrasies
of the characteristics and attributes of these groups in particular. Anchored in this
theoretical approach, the correlation that appears is the one established between
internalized homophobia, linked to socially perceived stigma and added to social
homophobia perpetuated by the groups to which the person belongs. These aspects
accentuate the risk of substance abuse among the LGBTQIA+ population. The use
of multiple substances is present in the daily reality of the LGBTQIA+ population,
mainly alcohol and tobacco (Sousa etal., 2020). The high rates of psychological
suffering of sex and gender minorities are accompanied by a high rate of vulnerabil-
ity and exposure to social problems such as drug abuse (Coulter etal., 2019).
In this sense, as one of the analyzed articles asserts, Mota etal. (2024), whose
scope included the discussion about the use of multiple substances among trans-
sexual women and transvestites, the risks associated with this use include outcomes
directly related to it, such as dependence and mental disorders, as well as secondary
outcomes such as, for example, risk behaviors or decreased risk perception in the
acquisition or transmission of the Human Immunodeciency Virus (HIV) and other
sexually transmitted infections. It is worth highlighting here, other studies (Cardoso
& Ferro, 2012; Freitas, 2020) that emphasize how risk behaviors can be linked to
stigma which, in turn, as Goffman (1975) asserts, provokes social exclusion. Such
elements can operate as triggers of illness and provoke an increased risk of sexually
transmitted infections, abusive use of alcohol and other drugs.
11 An Analysis of Bibliographic Productions About the Use of Substances…
142
Transsexual and transvestite people face severe restrictions on access to resources
necessary for the proper maintenance of a dignied, safe, and healthy life, as they
are the target of various forms of discrimination and gender-based violence (Magno
etal., 2018; Leal etal., 2024; Hughto etal., 2015; Reisner etal., 2016; Reback &
Fletcher, 2014). Consequently, these people are often involved in informal activi-
ties, such as sex work, or even, in illicit activities, such as drug trafcking (Hughto
etal., 2015; Reisner etal., 2016; Reback & Fletcher, 2014). In this line of reection,
another analyzed article problematized the incarceration of transsexual and trans-
vestite women (Leal etal., 2024), highlighting that drug trafcking has been, in
Brazil, the main reason for the incarceration of these women. This evidence cor-
roborates what is evidenced by the data from the Ministry of Justice and Public
Security of the country (National Council of Justice, 2021; Ministry of Justice and
Public Security, 2022; Ministry of Justice and Public Security, 2023) since, such
data indicate that the Brazilian female prison population is characterized by convic-
tions related to illicit drugs, especially drug trafcking and association with trafck-
ing, very similar to what also occurs with cisgender women in Brazil. Otherwise,
female incarceration in the country is linked to indicators of social vulnerability of
these women, such as misogyny and transphobia, racism, unemployment, low level
of education, and, inevitably, a history of drug abuse. Among the possible explana-
tions for the greater involvement of cisgender, transsexual, and transvestite women
with drug trafcking, is their relationship with intimate partners or with family
members involved in crime. The analyzed article (Freitas, 2020) highlights that
stigma in transgenderism can trigger implications direct impacts on the living con-
ditions of this population, such as low educational level, lack of housing, involve-
ment with drug trafcking and abusive use of these substances, in addition to the
difculty of insertion in the labor market and the possibility of income generation
restricted to sex work, corroborating other studies about the stigma experienced by
transvestites and transgender women (Magno, 2018).
It is known that stigma affects physical and mental health, making it difcult for
people to access different resources and services, accentuating health inequalities.
The stigma experienced by LGBTQIA+ people promotes a hostile and stressful
environment that can trigger various problems (Hatzenbuehler etal., 2013; King
et al., 2008). It is worth highlighting here what the American Psychological
Association (APA) guide titled Best Practice Highlights LGBTQ (Cabaj, 2023, p.8)
says: “LGBTQ persons who struggle with higher rates of anxiety, affective disorder
related conditions, and substance use disorders most likely have struggled with
stigma and the coming out and self-acceptance process.”
This study also points out that risk practices are frequent among LGBTQIA+
adolescents and young people who live alone, without partners or family members,
among which are the use of stimulant drugs (such as cocaine, crack and ecstasy) and
unprotected sexual practices accompanied by concomitant use of substances, which
characterizes practices called “chemsex” or “chemical sex,” which consists of the
ingestion of drugs combined with sexual practices. Under these circumstances,
there is evidence pointing to low proportions of risk perception among the adherents
of these practices (Damacena etal., 2022). In this perspective, risk is conceptualized
J. Perucchi et al.
143
as any undesirable consequences resulting from some human action, this being con-
sidered a damage capable of prediction and control (Luiz & Cohn, 2006). Thus,
risks emerge as capable of being targeted for management and intervention through
government policies. However, once deliberated, such risk management policy ends
up conditioning and tutoring people’s lives and conducts, which can trigger situa-
tions of inequalities and injustices (Mendes, 2015).
Another aspect to be addressed, concerns drug use and social support (Souza
etal. 2022b). Low satisfaction with available social support points to possible dif-
culties faced by sexual minorities in nding support in family groups, friendship,
or even, in society in general. The text points out that “family support has been
associated with an increase in the degree of satisfaction in various domains in the
lives of LGBTQIA+ people, including lower rates of suicide, suffering, depression,
hopelessness, and substance use” (Souza etal., 2022b, p.8). Such ndings accom-
pany evidence found in research that points out that a well-structured social net-
work, composed of social support, is associated with the reduction of risk behaviors
of homosexual youth, signicantly, such as the consumption or abusive use of psy-
choactive substances (Falleiros Braga etal., 2017).
This reection corroborates the proposition brought by another of the analyzed
articles, in order to elucidate the consequences of drug use by young people and
their family context, highlighting the facilitation of violence contexts and the dam-
age resulting from the decrease of social interaction in family by the young user. In
an article that problematized antecedents of young people who attempted suicide
(Lima etal., 2021), the reection on how young people and, especially, young peo-
ple from vulnerable populations, such as LGBTQIA+ people, represent a group at
high risk for suicide is highlighted. Being this a signicant cause of deaths by exter-
nal causes at this stage of the life cycle, it seems pertinent to highlight that the sui-
cide rate among young people, in Brazil, grew 6% per year between the years 2011
and 2022 (Alves etal., 2024). The article highlights that the nuclear family model
does not necessarily protect against suicide attempts among young people, but fam-
ily support, regardless of the format, is a protective factor. In Brazil, LGBTQIA+
adolescents face vulnerabilities such as prejudice, drug abuse, gender identity con-
icts and mental disorders. Thus, the different bibliographic productions analyzed
converge to the historical nding pointed out by the international literature (Evans-
Polce etal., 2020), that the LGBTQIA+ population does, in fact, have higher rates
of drug use, mainly, of tobacco and alcohol. In general, the analyzed studies also
point out that lifestyles and characteristics related to prejudice and sex-gender hier-
archies in this population are related to what has been highlighted in the theory of
minority stress.
The impact of COVID-19 on marginalized groups also appeared as content in
some of the researched articles (Marques etal., 2021; Braga etal., 2022) regarding
the marginalized population and the use or abuse of alcohol and other drugs. It is
stated that “there are multiple and complex relationships that can be established
between uses of psychoactive substances, social vulnerability and the sanitary and
social impacts of the coronavirus pandemic” (Marques etal., 2021, p.8). In this
sense, the analyzed articles highlight that, if there was already a concern about the
11 An Analysis of Bibliographic Productions About the Use of Substances…
144
psychosocial impacts of the pandemic on the general population—with evidence for
an increase in mental health symptoms, such as worsening of anxiety and depres-
sion conditions, in addition to the signicant increase in the consumption of alcohol
and other drugs in the Brazilian population—they also emphasize the necessary
understanding of these impacts and their developments on specic groups and the
emerging need to build research approaches that contemplate their needs and speci-
cities, as a vulnerable group. The discussion about the factors associated with the
worsening of lifestyle during the pandemic of COVID-19, in the Brazilian popula-
tion of lesbians, gays, bisexuals, transsexuals, transvestites, and related identities,
has already been the subject of scientic scrutiny (Fontanari etal., 2019; Braga
etal., 2022). Also in a study analyzed (Campos etal., 2023) on the use of psychoac-
tive substances among health area university students before and during the
COVID-19 pandemic, there is evidence that homosexual and bisexual orientation of
cisgender men and women remained associated with the consumption of alcohol
and illicit drugs.
One of the studies analyzed (Sousa etal., 2020) sought to investigate the factors
associated with the practice of sex under the inuence of drugs (chemsex) among
MSM during the period of social isolation, in the context of the COVID-19 pan-
demic. Using a multicenter online survey, applied to the territories of Brazil and
Portugal in April 2020, the research showed that—while the two countries were
experiencing restrictive health measures to prevent the advancement and aggrava-
tion of the disease—the practice of chemsex in Brazil (69.9%) during the period
surveyed was more than double that in Portugal (30.1%), with almost all of them
(95%) having casual sex and a percentage of 31.4% having group sex and 47.6%
having sex without a condom. The study also revealed that those who reported hav-
ing group sex during the period of social distancing were twice as likely to engage
in the practice of chemsex. Last but not least, a signicant portion (95%) of the
research subjects, the MSM who engaged in chemsex did so in an act with a casual
partner during the rise of the pandemic’s epidemiological curve (April 2020), in
both countries surveyed (Brazil and Portugal). The study concludes that: “The
occurrence of chemsex was high, especially in Brazil, where the proposed social
isolation did not sensitize MSM to adherence, given the option for casual sex”
(Sousa et al., 2020, p.9). The authors also highlight a perspective that deserves
attention in this reection: “It seems evident that the pursuit of pleasure proved to
be more relevant in the face of the proposed COVID-19 protection measures, which
makes MSM more exposed” (p.9). However, it is worth revisiting here the relevant
discussion about the challenge of identifying situations of vulnerability and greater
exposure to risk without, however, reiterating or resorting to careless afrmations in
the face of the polysemy that words possess. By proposing such conclusions, the
text casts a shadow of interpretive possibility that allows one to infer that the “pur-
suit of pleasure” is “more relevant” than “protection against COVID-19” by MSM;
however, it neglects the reection that inversely, but to the same extent, one can
conjecture that the strategies for preventing COVID-19 were not sufciently ade-
quate in achieving success in the contexts of risky sexual practices among MSM.In
this sense, it seems more fruitful and relevant to concentrate analytical efforts on
J. Perucchi et al.
145
problematizing such contexts of “exposure”; not from a moralizing or prohibitionist
perspective of what Michel Foucault (2020) called “the use of pleasures,” but in a
work of health risk management.
Still within the scope of the discussion about health risk management, it is known
that the population of alcohol and/or other drug users is one of those recommended
as key populations by the Ministry of Health of Brazil (2017) for access to post-
exposure prophylaxis to HIV (PEP), in public services and, in the wake of this cut,
the le of the present bibliographic review included an article (Castoldi etal., 2021),
reporting on a research that sought to describe the prole of users who started pro-
phylaxis (PEP) in a public service in southern Brazil, evaluating the use of this
technology by such populations. It was “a retrospective longitudinal study in an
outpatient clinic of the Unied Health System (SUS) that found evidence that,
among the key populations of the study, there was a higher frequency of alcohol
and/or other drug users (49.6%) and of men who have sex with men (38.1%) in the
search for PEP.” (Castoldi etal., 2021, p.1) Pertinent the successful attempt of this
text analyzed in articulating the elements of gender, social class, and education,
revealing in its research results, the high education of PEP users; which may be an
indication of access to information, suggesting—still according to the text—that
“people with fewer years of schooling are in a situation of greater vulnerability,
including for the prevention of HIV infection” (Castoldi etal., 2021, p.6).
The articles analyzed corroborate evidence from studies with the LGBTQIA+
population (King etal., 2008; Plöderl & Tremblay, 2015; Fontanari etal., 2019),
indicating the need for afrmative public policies that effectively contemplate this
population, especially, transvestites and transsexual women. The consideration of
high rates of vulnerability indicators, such as school dropout, low education, and
problematic use of alcohol and drugs, due to stigma and prejudice, are factors that
amplify discrimination, marginalization, and violence, hindering important spheres
of life such as their insertion in the job market and the promotion of their quality of
life (Jesus, 2012). Another integrative review study analyzed (Ribas & Silva, 2023),
which deals with harm reduction (RD) for the population of transsexual women and
transvestites, highlights that “constructed with a lot of dynamics, RD practices seek
to look not only at the substance, but also at the subject, in a macro way, for their
relationship with the drug and with the world”; further stating that, in this sense, “it
is necessary to expand their actions with a view to other objectives, such as those of
guaranteeing citizenship and the “human rights” (Ribas & Silva, 2023, p.7). The
emphasis seems relevant, pointed out by the analyzed text, on the importance of
continuous education and training of professionals working in SUS equipment.
Beyond the training of professionals, it is essential their articulation with the spe-
cic needs and vulnerabilities of this population.
Focusing on the mental health of transgender women, an integrative review ana-
lyzed in the present review (Cortes etal., 2022) highlights that, in addition to public
services ensuring the execution of the right to health by minority populations, it is
fundamental that governments develop, above all, health and mental health inter-
ventions that reach these people. Since there are health demands that are peculiar to
these groups, as is the case, for example, of the transsexualizing process. The
11 An Analysis of Bibliographic Productions About the Use of Substances…
146
intention, according to the analyzed text, would be to minimize problems that often
affect this population, such as the abusive use of alcohol and other drugs or greater
exposure to HIV and STIs. The article also highlights the need for governments to
promote the continuous education of health professionals, concerning the integral
health of LGBTQIA+ people and, specically, transgender people. Aspects that
seem essential to promote better quality of life, avoid social disparities and offer
universal and equitable attention in integral health to the Brazilian population.
Another analyzed article, with a population cut of trans women and transvestites,
was a study that sought to contribute to updating the epidemiology of STIs among
transsexual women and transvestites (Bassichetto etal., 2024), conrmed that such
sexual health problems present in greater magnitude among these people than in the
general population. And, because most do not present symptoms, their treatment
continues to be a challenge for public health. In the authors’ words, “especially in
the youngest, who engage in sex work and who use drugs” (Bassichetto etal., 2024,
p.8). What these analyzed texts contemplate as a common element is the ascertain-
ment that transsexual women and transvestites constitute a vulnerable population
and that there are social and economic barriers, anchored in stigmas and prejudices
that hinder their access to health services and the labor market, demonstrating that
existing legislation is still not sufcient, nor efcient to reverse this situation. This
corroborates with ndings from research with other members of the LGBTQIA+
population (de Carvalho & Barreto, 2021).
Returning to the reection that began this chapter, about minority stress, another
analyzed article (Souza etal., 2022b) states that the use of alcohol and other drugs
emerges in the literature of the area being directly related to minority social stress,
but also, to violence, especially physical and sexual, increasing, for example, vul-
nerabilities in the face of sexual risk exposure, as already discussed in this chapter.
In this line of analysis, a cross-sectional and quantitative study with 316 lesbian,
gay, bisexual, transvestite, and transsexual individuals, conducted a decade ago in
the Brazilian state of Ceará, articulated a reection around the study’s evidence on
alcohol, drugs and violence, analyzing the implications for the health of sexual
minorities. Thestudy (Parente etal., 2015) shows that the abusive consumption of
alcohol and other drugs by sexual minorities is used to deal with the stress produced
by occupying a minority position in adverse social contexts resulting from prejudice
and stigma related to sexual diversity and gender identities.
11.4 Final Considerations
The aim here was to ascertain whether the texts—which made up the le of the
research that originated this chapter—contemplated or not the hypothesis that a
hostile and stressful social environment for LGBTQIA+ adolescents and young
people—shaped by prejudice and various forms of homophobia—can create condi-
tions of possibility for the abusive use of alcohol and other drugs and the problems
resulting from this abuse. And, in this regard, the answer was positive, in most of the
J. Perucchi et al.
147
studies analyzed. It was also sought to verify if the minority stress appears, in some
way, in the bibliographies, which was also demonstrated. About the hypothesis that
the harm reduction strategy would appear as a possibility of intervention, this proved
to be true, however, without a substantial amount of scientic production in this
sense, at least in relation to the LGBTQIA+ population.
Repeated characteristics were identied among the texts. The theme of Men who
have Sex with Men (MSM) appeared in more than 50 results from different searches,
relating more frequently to the use of alcohol and other drugs and the experience of
HIV/Aids, considering inherent the relationship between the two experiences. On
the other hand, the term Women who have Sex with Women (WSW) did not appear
in any result, which alludes to a context of scientic production still based on the
processes of invisibilization of WSW experiences, as already stated in the literature
(Alves etal., 2020). In the research with the descriptor “bisexuals,” articles were
found that only mentioned the group, pointing to a gap in scientic production
about bisexuality in Brazil and relating to the difculties found in the country for
the translation and circulation of foreign research (Monaco, 2020). On the other
hand, the searches with the descriptors “gender“and “sexuality” resulted in texts
mostly related to women (cis), motherhood, heterosexual conjugality, gender dis-
parities between men (cis) and women (cis), and family dynamics. In addition to the
pact with cisheteronorma in academic-scientic production and discussions little
intersectional, there is the exclusion of the dissident population from the themes
discussed there. Another point that should be highlighted is the absence of discus-
sions made by the authors that dealt with the race/color of the population that com-
posed the studies. Racial issues, along with gender, class, territory, ethnicity,
education, without establishing hierarchies among such markers, also cross the
LGBTQIA+ population and produce different social locations within power rela-
tions. What by in turn, will lead to differences in how stigma and prejudice are
experienced and yet another factor that can contribute to the use/abuse of alcohol
and other drugs. Regarding the LGBTQIA+ population, therefore, elements related
to stigma and prejudice appear highly articulated to the vulnerability for the abusive
use of alcohol, drugs, and other psychoactive substances.
References
Alves, R.L. V., dos Reis Alves, B.E., & Ferreira, D.T. P. (2020). (R)existência e Invisibilidade
Lésbica: Entre conceitos, panoramas e percursos. Revista Brasileira de Estudos da
Homocultura, 2(8). https://doi.org/10.31560/2595- 3206.2019.8.10166
Alves, F.J. O., Fialho, E., Araújo, J.A. P., Naslund, J.A., Barreto, M.L., Patel, V., & Machado,
D. B. (2024). The rising trends of self-harm in Brazil: An ecological analysis of notica-
tions, hospitalisations, and mortality between 2011 and 2022. The Lancet Regional Health–
Americas, 1–11. https://www.arca.ocruz.br/handle/icict/62724
Bassichetto, K. C., Sperandei, S., McCartney, D.J., Luppi, C. G., Silva, R.J. C., Araújo, S.,
Magno, L., Bazzo, M.L., Hughes, G., Mayaud, P., Dourado, I., & Veras, M.A. S.M. (2024).
Prevalências de clamídia e gonorreia entre mulheres trans e travestis de cinco capitais brasilei-
11 An Analysis of Bibliographic Productions About the Use of Substances…
148
ras, 2019–2021. Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia, 27, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-
549720240006.supl.1
Braga, L. H. R., Menezes, C. S., Martins, I. V., da Silva, J. D. P., & Torres, J. L. (2022).
Fatores associados à piora no estilo de vida durante a pandemia de covid-19 na população
brasileira de lésbicas, gays, bissexuais, transexuais, travestis e identidades relacionadas:
Estudo transversal. Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde, 31(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1590/
s1679- 49742022000100005
Bränström, R., Hatzenbuehler, M.L., & Pachankis, J.E. (2016). Sexual orientation disparities in
physical health: Age and gender effects in a population-based study. Social Psychiatry and
Psychiatric Epidemiology, 51(2), 289–301. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127- 015- 1116- 0
Cabaj, R. P. (2023). Best practice highlights for working with LGBTQ patients. American
Psychiatric Association. https://www.psychiatry.org/getmedia/1dd0b752- 8791- 49d0- b8a1-
c73d853bd610/Best- Practices- LGBTQ- Patients.pdf
Campos, H.M. N., Mattos, M.P., & Gomes, D.R. (2023). Uso de substâncias psicoativas por
universitários da área da saúde antes e durante a pandemia da covid-19: Prevalência e fatores
associados. Revista Baiana de Saúde Pública, 47(1), 129–148. https://rbsp.sesab.ba.gov.br/
index.php/rbsp/article/view/3745
Cardoso, M.R., & Ferro, L.F. (2012). Saúde e população LGBT: Demandas e especicidades
em questão. Psicologia: Ciência E Prossão, 32(3), 552–563. https://doi.org/10.1590/
S1414- 98932012000300003
Castoldi, L., Berengan, M.M., Both, N.S., Fortes, S., & Pinheiro, T.V. (2021). Prolaxia pós-
exposição ao HIV em populações vulneráveis: Estudo longitudinal retrospectivo em um ambu-
latório da rede pública do Rio Grande do Sul, 2015–2018. Epidemiologia E Serviços De Saúde,
30(2), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679- 49742021000200017
Conselho Nacional de Justiça. (2021). Manual Resolução n° 348/2020: Procedimentos relativos
a pessoas LGBTI acusadas, rés, condenadas ou privadas de liberdade: Orientações a tribunais,
magistrados e magistradas voltadas à implementação da Resolução no 348/2020, do Conselho
Nacional de Justiça. Conselho Nacional de Justiça. https://www.cnj.jus.br/wp- content/
uploads/2021/06/manual_resolucao348_LGBTI.pdf
Cortes, H.M., de Morais, A.V. C., Carnevalli, L.M., & Pinho, P.H. (2022). Saúde mental de mul-
heres transgêneras: Uma revisão integrativa de literatura/Mental health of transgender women:
An integrative literature review. Journal of Nursing and Health, 12(3), 1–11. https://periodicos.
ufpel.edu.br/index.php/enfermagem/article/view/21706
Coulter, R.W. S., Egan, J.E., Kinsky, S., Friedman, M.R., Eckstrand, K. L., Frankeberger, J.,
Folb, B.L., Mair, C., Markovic, N., Silvestre, A., Stall, R., & Miller, E. (2019). Mental health,
drug, and violence interventions for sexual/gender minorities: A systematic review. Pediatrics,
144(3). https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.20183367
Damacena, G.N., Cruz, M.M., Cota, V.L., Souza Júnior, P.R. B., & Szwarcwald, C.L. (2022).
Conhecimento e práticas de risco à infecção pelo HIV na população geral, homens jovens e
HSH em três municípios brasileiros em 2019. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 38(4), 1–14. https://
doi.org/10.1590/0102- 311XPT155821
de Carvalho, A.A., & Barreto, R. C. V. (2021). A invisibilidade das pessoas LGBTQIA+ nas
bases de dados: Novas possibilidades na Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde 2019? Ciência & Saúde
Coletiva, 26(9), 4059–4064. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413- 81232021269.12002021
de Sousa, A.F. L., Camargo, E.L. S., & Mendes, I.A. C. (2023). Chemsex e suas repercussões
na saúde de homens que fazem sexo com homens: Uma perspectiva de saúde global. Revista
Brasileira de Enfermagem, 76(3). https://doi.org/10.1590/0034- 7167- 2023- 0004
de Souza, D.C., da Silva, M.A., & Beiras, A. (2022). Violência Íntima entre Homens que se
Relacionam com Homens– Revisão da Literatura. Estudos E Pesquisas Em Psicologia, 22(4),
1709–1728. https://doi.org/10.12957/epp.2022.71775
Evans-Polce, R.J., Veliz, P.T., Boyd, C.J., etal. (2020). Associations between sexual orientation
discrimination and substance use disorders: Differences by age in US adults. Social Psychiatry
and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 55, 101–110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127- 019- 01694- x
J. Perucchi et al.