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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_2826_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf
Abbreviations xix
Hb haemoglobin
HbA1c glycosylated haemoglobin
HBeAg hepatitis B e antigen
HBPM home blood pressure monitoring
HBsAg hepatitis B surface antigen
HBV hepatitis B virus
HCC hepatocellular carcinoma
HCG human chorionic gonadotrophin
HCM hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
HCV hepatitis C virus
HDLs high-density lipoproteins
HDU high-dependency unit
HGPRT hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase
HH hereditary haemochromatosis
5-HIAA 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid
HIV human immunodeficiency virus
HLA human leucocyte antigen
HMG-CoA hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A
HNPCC hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer
HPV human papilloma virus
HRT hormone replacement therapy
HSV herpes simplex virus
5-HT 5-hydroxytryptamine
HTLV human T-cell lymphotropic virus
IABCP intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation
IBD inflammatory bowel diseases
IBS irritable bowel syndrome
ICAM-1 intercellular adhesion molecule-1
ICD implantable cardioverter–defibrillator
ICD International Classification of Diseases – the classification used
to code and classify mortality data from death certificates
ICD-9-CM ICD, Clinical Modification – used to code and classify morbidity
data from the inpatient and outpatient records, general practices
and Health Statistic surveys
ICP intracranial pressure
ICU intensive care unit
IDLs intermediate-density lipoproteins
IFG impaired fasting glucose
IFN interferon
Ig immunoglobulin (e.g. IgM = immunoglobulin M class)
IGF-1 insulin-like growth factor 1
xx Abbreviations
IGT impaired glucose tolerance
IHD ischaemic heart disease
IL interleukin
i.m. intramuscular, intramuscularly
IMV intermittent mandatory ventilation
INR international normalized ratio
IPF idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
IPJs interphalangeal joints
IPPV intermittent positive-pressure ventilation
ITP immune thrombocytopenic purpura
iu/IU international unit
i.v. intravenous
IVP intravenous pyelogram, intravenous pyelography
IVU intravenous urography
JVP jugular venous pressure
KUB kidney, ureters and bladder
LABA long-acting selective inhaled β2-adrenoceptor stimulants
LBBB left bundle branch block
LcSSc limited cutaneous scleroderma
LDH lactate dehydrogenase
LDLs low-density lipoproteins
L-dopa levodopa
LEMS Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome
LFT liver function test
LH luteinizing hormone
LHRH luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone
LMN lower motor neurone
LMWH low molecular weight heparin
LOS lower oesophageal sphincter
LP lumbar puncture
LTRA leukotriene receptor antagonists
LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction
LVF left ventricular failure
LVSD left ventricular systolic dysfunction
MAI Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare
MALT mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
MALToma mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue tumour
MCA Mental Capacity Act
MCH mean corpuscular haemoglobin
MCHC mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration
MCP metacarpophalanges
Abbreviations xxi
MCV mean corpuscular volume
MDIs metered-dose inhalers
MDR multidrug-resistant
MDRD modification of diet in renal disease
MDS myelodysplastic syndrome
MDT multidisciplinary team
ME myalgic encephalomyelitis
MEN multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes
MERS-CoV Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus
MEWS Modified Early Warning Score
MG myasthenia gravis
MHRA Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency
MI myocardial infarction
mIBG meta-[
131
I]-iodobenzylguanidine
MMR measles, mumps and rubella
MMSE Mini Mental State Examination
MODS multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
MPTP methylphenyltetrahydropyridine
MR magnetic resonance
MRCP magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography
MRI magnetic resonance imaging
MRSA meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
MS multiple sclerosis
MSU mid-stream urine
M–W tear Mallory–Weiss tear
N neuraminidase
Na+ concentration of sodium ions
NAC N-acetylcysteine
NAFLD non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
NAPQI N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine
NBT-PABA N-benzoyl-l-tryosyl-p-amino benzoic acid
nd notifiable disease
NDI nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
NERD non-erosive reflux disease
NG nasogastric
NHL non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
NHS National Health Service
NICE National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
NIPPV non-invasive positive-pressure ventilation
NK natural killer (cell)
NMDA N-methyl-d-aspartate
xxii Abbreviations
NPH Neutral Protamine Hagedorn
NPS novel psychoactive substances
NS1 non-structural protein 1
NSAIDs non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
NSTEMI non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
NTproBNP N terminal fragment released from pro-BNP
NYHA New York Heart Association
OA osteoarthritis
OCP oral contraceptive pill
OGD oesophagogastroduodenoscopy
OPG osteoprotegerin
ORS oral rehydration solutions
OSA obstructive sleep apnoea
OSCE Objective Structured Clinical Examination
PA postero-anterior, postero-anteriorly
P
partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood
aco2
PAMPS pathogen-associated molecular patterns
PAN polyarteritis nodosa
pANCA peripheral antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody
P
partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood
ao2
PAP pulmonary artery pressure
PAS periodic acid-Schiff
PBC primary biliary cirrhosis
PCA patient-controlled analgesia
PCI percutaneous coronary intervention
PCOS polycystic ovary syndrome
PCR urine protein-to-creatinine ratio
PCR polymerase chain reaction
PCT porphyria cutanea tarda
PCV packed cell volume
PD Parkinson’s disease
PD-1 programmed death receptor
PDE4 phosphodiesterase type 4
PDEI phosphodiesterase inhibitor
PE pulmonary embolism, pulmonary embolus
PE phenytoin sodium equivalent
PEEP positive end-expiratory pressure
PEFR peak expiratory flow rate
PEG percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
PET positron emission tomography
Abbreviations xxiii
Ph Philadelphia
PHN post-herpetic neuralgia
PIPJs proximal interphalangeal joints
PM polymyositis
PMF progressive massive fibrosis
PML progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy
PML-RARa fusion protein involving promyelocytic leukaemia gene and
retinoic acid receptor alpha
PMR polymyalgia
POEM per oral endoscopic myotomy
PPAR-γ peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma
PPI proton pump inhibitor
PPMS primary progressive multiple sclerosis
PPS phosphoribosyl-pyrophosphate synthetase
PR per rectum (rectal instillation)
PSA prostate-specific antigen
PSC primary sclerosing cholangitis
PSE portosystemic encephalopathy
PT prothrombin time
PTC percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography
PTCA percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
PTH parathyroid hormone
PTTK partial thromboplastin time with kaolin
PU peptic ulcer, peptic ulceration
PUO pyrexia (or fever) of unknown origin
PUVA ultraviolet A radiation in conjunction with a photosensitizing
agent, oral or topical psoralen
PVS persistent vegetative state
PWP pulmonary wedge pressure
RA rheumatoid arthritis
RANK receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB
RANKL RANK ligand
RAPD relative afferent pupillary defect
RAS renal artery stenosis
RAST radioallergosorbent test
RBBB right bundle branch block
RCC red cell count
RDW red blood cell distribution width
RFA radiofrequency ablation
Rh rhesus
xxiv Abbreviations
RhF rheumatoid factor
RIA radioimmunoassay
RIF right iliac fossa
RIFLE Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, End-stage renal disease criteria
RNA ribonucleic acid
RNP ribonucleoprotein
r-PA reteplase
RR respiratory rate
RRMS relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
RSR0 secondary R wave
RT-PCR reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction
RUQ right upper quadrant
RV right ventricle
RV residual volume
RVSD right ventricular systolic dysfunction
SA node sinus node
SAH subarachnoid haemorrhage
SALT Speech and Language Therapy
Sao2 arterial oxygen saturation
SARS severe acute respiratory syndrome
SARS-CoV-2 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
SBAR Situation-Background-Assessment-Recommendations
SBE subacute (bacterial) endocarditis
SBFT small bowel follow-through
SBP spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
SBP systolic blood pressure
s.c. subcutaneous
SCC squamous cell carcinoma
SCr serum creatinine
S
central venous oxyhaemoglobin saturation
cvo2
SDH subdural haematoma
SDs standard deviations
SERMs selective oestrogen receptor modulators
SGLT2 sodium/glucose transporter 2
SIADH syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion
SIRS systemic inflammatory response syndrome
SLE systemic lupus erythematosus
SP standardized patient
SPECT single photon emission computed tomography
SR slow-release
SRH stigmata of recent haemorrhage
Abbreviations xxv
SS Sjögren’s syndrome
SSc systemic scleroderma
STEMI ST-elevation myocardial infarction
STI sexually transmitted infection
SUNCT short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with
conjunctival injection and tearing
SVC superior vena cava
SVR sustained virological response
SVR systemic vascular resistance
SVT supraventricular tachycardia
T3 triiodothyronine
T4 thyroxine
TAVI transcatheter aortic valve implantation
TB tuberculosis
TBE tick-borne encephalitis
TBG thyroxine-binding globulin
TCAs tricyclic antidepressants
TEN toxic epidermal necrolysis
TF tissue factor
TFPI tissue factor pathway inhibitor
TFT thyroid function test
Th T helper
THC tetrahydrocannabinol
TIA transient ischaemic attack
TIBC total iron-binding capacity
TIMI Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction scoring system
TIN tubulointerstitial nephritis
TIPS transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting
TLC total lung capacity
TLESRs transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxations
TNF tumour necrosis factor
TNK-PA tenecteplase
TNM tumour, node, metastasis classification
TOE transoesophageal echocardiography
tPA tissue plasminogen activator
TPMT thiopurine methyltransferase
TPN total parenteral nutrition
TRH thyrotrophin-releasing hormone
TSH thyroid-stimulating hormone
TT thrombin time
TTE transthoracic echocardiography
xxvi Abbreviations
tTG tissue transglutaminase
TTP thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
UC ulcerative colitis
U&E urea and electrolytes
UMN upper motor neurone
US ultrasound
UTI urinary tract infection
UVA ultraviolet A radiation
VATS video-assisted thoracoscopic (lung biopsy)
VCA viral capsid antigen
VCAM vascular cell adhesion molecule
VCAM-1 vascular cell adhesion molecule – 1
vCJD variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
VDRL Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (test for syphilis)
VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor
VF ventricular fibrillation
VHF viral haemorrhagic fever
VIP vasoactive intestinal polypeptide
VLDLs very-low-density lipoproteins
V⋅/Q⋅ ventilation–perfusion
VT ventricular tachycardia
VTE venous thromboembolism
vWF von Willebrand factor
VZV varicella-zoster virus
WBC white blood (cell) count
WBI whole bowel irrigation
WCC white cell count
WE Wernicke’s encephalopathy
WHO World Health Organization
WPW Wolff–Parkinson–White
ZIG zoster-immune immunoglobulin
ZN Ziehl–Neelsen
Significant websites
General websites
Medical dictionaries
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/
http://www.online-medical-dictionary.org/
Guidelines and evidence-based medicine
http://www.nice.org.uk
UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
http://www.nih.gov/health
US National Institutes of Health
http://www.sign.ac.uk
Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network
http://www.library.nhs.uk
NHS Evidence – evidence-based clinical and non-clinical information to help
make decisions about treatment and use of resources
http://www.guideline.gov/
National Guideline Clearing House
http://www.dft.gov.uk/dvla/medical/ataglance.aspx
Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency – guide to the current medical
standards of fitness to drive and exclusions
http://www.cochrane.org/cochrane-reviews
Cochrane Reviews are part of the Cochrane Library and provide systematic
reviews of primary research in human healthcare and health policy. They
investigate the effects of interventions for prevention, treatment and
rehabilitation. They also assess the accuracy of a diagnostic test for a given
condition in a specific patient group and setting
http://www.medicine.ox.ac.uk/bandolier/index.html
Monthly journal on evidence-based healthcare
xxviii Significant websites
http://www.emedicine.com
eMedicine features up-to-date, searchable, peer-reviewed medical journals,
on-line physician reference textbooks, a full-text article database and patient
information leaflets
http://www.bma.org
British Medical Association. A library, excellent ethics section and healthcare
information. More sections for members
Medical calculators
http://www.mdcalc.com/
http://medicineworld.org/online-medical-calculators.html
Clinical calculators and formulas for many conditions, e.g. sodium correction
rate in hyponatraemia, APACHE II score and anion gap
Healthcare journals and magazines
www.bmj.com
BMJ (British Medical Journal)
Medical societies and organizations
http://www.gmc-uk.org/
UK General Medical Council
Others
http://www.medilexicon.com/icd9codes.php
Search for the definitions of ICD9/ICD-9-CM codes
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed
PubMed: Medline on the Web
http://www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk
http://www.patient.co.uk
Information for patients on diseases, operations and investigations
http://www.medicalert.org.uk
Charity providing a life-saving identification system for individuals with
hidden medical conditions and allergies
Chapter-specific websites
1 Ethics and communication
http://www.bma.org.uk/ethics
British Medical Association ethics site