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Файл:Основы конструирования. Профессиональный английский язык. Учебное пособие
.pdf
TOMSK POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY
R.I. Tolbanova, O.B. Shamina, A.B. Kim
ENGINEERING DESIGN
Recommended for publishing as a study aid
by the Editorial Board of Tomsk Polytechnic University
Tomsk Polytechnic University Publishing House
2017
МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования
«НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЙ
ТОМСКИЙ ПОЛИТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ»
Р.И. Толбанова, О.Б. Шамина, А.Б. Ким
ОСНОВЫ КОНСТРУИРОВАНИЯ
ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНЫЙ
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК
Рекомендовано в качестве учебного пособия
Редакционно-издательским советом
Томского политехнического университета
Издательство
Томского политехнического университета
2017
УДК 802.0(075.8)
ББК Ш143.21-923
Т16
Толбанова Р.И.
Т16 Основы конструирования. Профессиональный английский
язык : учебное пособие / Р.И. Толбанова, О.Б. Шамина, А.Б. Ким ;
Томский политехнический университет. – Томск : Изд-во Томского
политехнического университета, 2017. – 66 с.
Основной целью данного пособия является развитие речевой деятельно-
сти в профессиональной сфере общения.
Пособие состоит из 5 уроков, структура которых унифицирована: перед
текстом предлагаются вопросы и задания, способствующие введению в тему, задания текстового характера, направленные на понимание прочитанного текста,
система упражнений, способствующая активному усвоению лексического материала. Заключительным этапом являются задания условно-коммуникативного и
коммуникативного характера.
В приложении даны тексты для чтения, перевода, аннотирования, реферирования и проведения презентаций, а также представлены глоссарий, словарь
и способы словообразования в английском языке.
УДК 802.0(075.8)
ББК Ш143.21-923
Рецензенты
Кандидат педагогических наук, доцент
заведующая кафедрой ИЯ ФИЯ ТГУ
О.А. Обдалова
Кандидат физико-математических наук,
доцент кафедры АСУ ТУСУРа
С.Л. Миньков
© ФГАОУ ВО НИ ТПУ, 2017
© Толбанова Р.И., Шамина О.Б., Ким А.Б., 2017
© Оформление. Издательство Томского
политехнического университета, 2017
Content
Unit 1 Engineering Design 6
Unit 2 Design Succession and Design Evolution 14
Unit 3 Choice of Design 21
Unit 4 Composition Methods 27
Unit 5 Principles of Solving Conflicts in a Design 32
Appendix I Presentation Skills 37
Appendix II Supplementary texts for reading, translation,
summarising and presentation. 41
Appendix III Word formation 53
Appendix IV Keys 56
Appendix V Vocabulary 58
Appendix VI Glossary 59
References 65
5
UNIT ENGINEERING DESIGN
1
Lead-in
1. Discuss the following questions in small groups.
1. Can you list the most important characteristics of a machine?
2. What does “to design effectively” mean?
To scan a text means to read it, without reading every
word, in search of the facts you need.
Reading
2.
Scan the texts below and say whether the following sentences are
true (T) or false (F).
1. There are no general rules for designing in mechanical engineering. T/F
2. The main task for a designer is to create a machine with an attractive
finish.
T/F
ENGINEERING DESIGN
There exists a wide diversity of modern machine design. And what does this diversity
imply? There are metal cutting and transport machines, instruments for testing and
measuring and so on. But for all of them the tasks facing a designer are similar in many
respects. It is the reduction of the machine weight, the improved suitability for industrial
production, greater durability and reliability that are of importance for the design of any
machine. All the points mentioned above enable a designer to formulate the principles
of rational designing as a code of general rules for machine building. To design
creatively means:
to abstain from blind imitation of the existing prototypes, to select from the wide range
of design solutions offered by the present-day mechanical engineering the ones that
are the most suitable in this line;
Scanning is an effective way to
find information quickly.
6
to be able to combine various solutions and find new, better ones;
to follow the dynamic development of the industry and devise versatile machines
of long life, amenable to further modernization without running the risks of
obsolescence for a long time to come.
There can be no full account without economic factors. These factors are very
important and should lie in the basis of designing. But the cost of a machine is not the
only and not always the main part of expenditures.
The chief task of a designer is to develop a machine that would be efficient, and have
the best technical and operational characteristics.
The most important characteristics of machines are productivity, efficiency, strength,
reliability, weight, specific metalwork weight, size, power intensiveness, degree of
automation, simplicity of maintenance, and convenience of assembly and dismantling.
Any machine must meet the industrial requirements of designing, i. e. it must have a
simple but attractive finish.
The priority of each of the characteristics mentioned above depends on the function of
the given machine, namely:
for metal-cutting machines it is productivity, accuracy of machining, and the range
of operations;
for control and measuring instruments – sensitivity, accuracy, and stability of
readings;
for transport machines – weight and engine efficiency are of prime importance.
7
Vocabulary
Word formation
3. Working in pairs, read and translate the following words with the same
roots (see Appendix III Word Formation).
to exist – existence – existent
builder – building – to build –
machine-building
to reduce – reduction – reducer
able – unable – ability – to enable
to suit – suitable – unsuitable – suitability
to devise – device
cost – to cost – costly
stable – unstable – stability – instability
accurate – inaccurate – accuracy
to rely – reliable – reliability – unreliable
convenient – inconvenient –
convenience – inconvenience –
conveniently
simple – simplicity – to simplify –
simplification
to require – requirement
attractive – to attract – attraction –
attractiveness – attractively
to depend – dependent – independent –
dependence
long – length – to lengthen – longer
4. Choose the most suitable word to fill in the blank.
1. … (Strong, Strength, Strengthen) is the most important characteristic of this
machine.
2. Accuracy is essential for control and … (measurable, measuring, measured)
instruments.
3. Their tasks are … (similar, similarity, similarly) in many respects.
4. It is necessary to devise … (versatile versatility) machines of long life.
5. The design of this device is quite … (simplification, simplicity, simplify,
simple).
8
5. Find English equivalents for the following Russian words.
1 сокращать, уменьшать
a reduce b reduction c reduced
2 определять
a specify b specification c specified
3 изобретение
a invent b inventor c invention
4 надежность
a rely b reliability c reliable
5 устаревание
a obsolete b obsolescent c obsolescence
6 многосторонность, универсальность
a versatility b versatile c version
7 привлекательный
a attract b attraction c attractive
8 требование
a require b requirement c request
6. Match the following words (1–15) with the Russian equivalents (a–o).
1 diversity a улучшение, усовершенствование
2 similar b надежность
3 reduction c требование
4 improvement d решение
5 durability e эффективность
6 solution f разнообразие
7 versatile g точность
8 expenditure h расход, трата
9 maintenance i долговечность, прочность
10 reliability j универсальный, многосторонний
11 accuracy k снижение, сокращение
12 obsolescence l эксплуатация, уход
13 efficiency m устаревание
14 strength n подобный, сходный
15 requirement o прочность, сила
9
7. Match the following notions with their definitions. Try to recollect in
what context these words appeared in the text.
1 obsolete 2 prototype 3 durable 4 maintenance
5 versatile 6 research
7 verify 8 weight 9 reliable 10 required
a no longer used (out of date) because of being replaced by something newer and
more effective;
b something that is needed or asked for;
c measure of how heavy something is, expressed according to a particular system of
measurement;
d having many uses; easily able to change from one kind of activity to another;
e work that is done to keep a machine or equipment repaired and in good condition;
f serious and detailed study of a subject, that is aimed at learning new facts, scientific
laws, testing ideas, etc;
g to check or prove that something is true or correct;
h remaining useful for a long period; resisting wear;
i someone or something that can be trusted or dependent on;
j the first form that a new machine or car etc. has.
8. Words on the left (1–10) appeared in the texts. Match them with their
synonyms on the right (a–j).
1 objective a investigation
2 start b entire
3 ordinary c make better
4 complete d initiate
5 research e finish
6 improve f combine, unite
7 join together g aim, purpose
8 whole h exactness, correctness
9 accuracy i usual
10 principle j main, chief
10
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