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Complex central control station. The operations compartment also contains the piloting
station. Medical monitoring equipment is located in the conical section of the working
compartment.
The living area of the working compartment provides the necessities for long-term
manned missions. The living area contains zone with a table, cooking elements, and
trash storage. Individual crew cabins, which include an illuminator, hinged chairs and
a sleeping bag are found next as one moves axially through the working compartment.
The working compartment contains the personal hygiene area with toilet, sink, and
shower.
Figure 1. Mir compartments
51
Describe the process of the Space Vehicle Soyuz-TM flight profile using
the vocabulary of the unit and the following words and word combinations.
be located in
to connect / to be (dis)connected
to (re)enter the atmosphere
to dock = to join
to accelerate to decelerate (antonym)
to leave
to descent to ascent (antonym)
to separate from
to land on
to (re)place
to launch a rocket
to equip / to be equipped
to insert / be inserted
to occur = to take place
to design / to be designed for
result in = to cause = to lead
to approach / be approached by
to supply = to provide
Writing
Write an article for the ‘Science & Technology’ Magazine (150–180 words) in which
the information about designing of a space vehicle is revealed. Your article should
include the following points:
Introduction
Main body
Summing up
Conclusion
52
Appendix III
Word formation
Suffix Meaning Examples
-ance
-ence
-er, -or
-ation, -tion
-ist, -yst
-ness
-ion
-ing
-ment
-ity
-ian
-ism
-dom
-ship
-ary
Suffix Meaning Examples
-ize
-ate
-fy
-en
Suffix Meaning Examples
state performance
quality of independence
a person who;
a thing which
programmer, operator, compiler,
accumulator
the act of execution
a person who
condition of
analyst, typist
cleanliness
action/state conversion
activity multiplexing
state, action measurement
state, quality electricity
profession electrician
condition/state magnetism
domain/condition freedom
condition/state relationship, partnership, friendship
binary
to make computerize, simplify,
automate, activate, harden, widen
-ly
in the manner of electronically, logically, comparably,
helpfully
-wards
in the direction of downwards, forwards
Suffix Meaning Examples
-al -ar
-ic
-ical
-able / -ible
-ous / -ious
-ful
-less
-ish
-ed
-ive
-ing
have the quality of computational, logical, circular
magnetic, automatic
electrical
capable of being comparable divisible
like, full of Dangerous, religious
characterized by helpful
without careless
like yellowish
having computed, punched
quality of interactive
to make or do programming, coding
53
Negative and Positive Prefixes
Negative
Positive re-
Prefixes of Size
Prefix Meaning Examples
un-
inim-, ilirnon-
misdis-
anti-
deunder-
over-
not,
not good enough
not connected with non-programmable
bad, wrong
opposite feeling
opposite action,
against
reduce, reverse demagnetize, decode
too little underestimate
do again reorganize
too much overheat
unmagnerized,
unpunched
incomplete
impossible, illegal
irregular, irrelevant
non-impact
mispronounce
disagree
disconnect
antisocial
anti-fever
Prefix Meaning Examples
semiequimaximicrominimacromega-
half, partly semiconductor
equal equidistant
big maxicomputer
small microcomputer
little minicomputer
large macroeconomics
big megabyte
Prefixes of Time and Order
Prefix Meaning Examples
ante-, pre-, prime-,
post-, retro-
before
first after backward
Antecedent, prefix, primary, primitive,
postdated, retroactive
54
Prefixes of Location
Prefix Meaning Examples
intersupertransexextrasubinfraperi-
Prefixes of Number
Prefix Meaning Examples
semimonobitriquadpentahexoctdecmulti-
between, among interface, interactive
over supersonic
across transmit, transfer
out exclude, extrinsic
beyond extraordinary
under subscheme
below infra-red
around peripheral
half semicircle
one monochromatic
two binary
three triangle
four quadrillion
five pentagon
six hexadecimal
eight octal
ten decimal
many multiprogramming
Other Prefixes
proautoconeopan-
for program
self automatic
together coordinate
new neoclassical
all pan-Asian
55
UNIT 1
Appendix IV
KEYS
TASK 5
1 a
2 a
3 c
4 b
5 c
6 a
7 c
8 b
TASK 6
1 f
2 n
3 k
4 a
5 i
6 d
7 j
8 h
9 l
10 b
11 g
12 m
13 e
14 o
15 c
TASK 7
1 a
2 j
3 h
4 e
5 d
6 f
7 g
8 c
9 i
10 b
TASK 8
1 g
2 d
3 i
4 e
5 a
6 c
7 f
8 b
9 h
10 j
TASK 10
1 b
2 f
3 d
4 a
5 i
6 c
7 e
8 g
9 h
10 j
TASK 11
1 d
2 b
3 c
4 f
5 g
6 a
7 h
UNIT 2
TASK 2
1 A
2 C
3 B
4 B
5 A
6 C
7 A
TASK 3
1 T
2 T
3 F
4 F
5 T
6 F
7 T
TASK 4
I – 4 – b
II – 8 – f
III – 9 – i
IV – 5 – c
V – 7 – g
VI – 2 – h
VII – 6 – a
VIII – 3 – d
IX – 1 – e
TASK 7
1 root
2 repetitions
3 data
4 experience
5 concept
6 improvement
TASK 11
1 h
2 e
3 d
4 f
5 a
6 g
7 c
8 b
56
UNIT 3 UNIT 4 UNIT 5
TASK 8
1 g
2 d
3 h
4 e
5 j
6 b
7 c
8 i
9 f
10 a
TASK 3
1 B
2 C
3 C
4 A
5 E
6 G
7 H
8 F
TASK 6
1 e
2 d
3 b
4 f
5 c
6 g
7 a
8 h
9 j
10 k
11 i
12 l
13 n
14 m
TASK 3
1 F
2 F
3 T
4 F
5 F
TASK 6
1 invert
2 adjacent
3 lubrication
4 advantage
5 surface
6 designer
57
Vocabulary
Appendix V
A
absorb – поглощать
acquire – приобретать
adjacent – сопряженный
adjustment – подгонка
advanced methods – передовые методы
arrangement – расположение
assembly – сборка
attachment – присоединение
automatic adjustments –
автоматическое регулирование
B
backlash – люфт
bearing – подшипник
plain bearing – подшипник скольжения
ball bearing – шариковый подшипник
roller bearing – роликовый подшипник
radial bearing – радиальный подшипник
axial bearing – упорный подшипник
bed – станина
belt gearing – ременная передача
bending – изгиб
blank – заготовка
bore – отверстие
brake – тормоз
broach – протяжка
bush – втулка
C
cam actuated mechanism – кулачковый
механизм
cargo – груз
casing (housing) – корпус
casting – литье
chain gearing – цепная передача
chamfer – фаска
chips – стружка
clearance – зазор
compete with – соревноваться с…
composition – компонование
compression – сжатие
concave – вогнутый
сoncentric – соосный
conic – конический
consumption – потребление
contact strength – контактная прочность
continuous – непрерывный
convex – выпуклый
cooling – охлаждение
corrosion – коррозия
crankshaft – коленчатый вал
D
datum surface = location surface –
базовая поверхность
define – определять
delay – задержка
determine – определять
design succession – конструктивная
преемственность
device – устройство, приборо
devise – изобретать
dismantling = disassembly – разборка
distortion – перекос
docking – стыковка
drawbacks – недостатки
drilling – сверление
drive – передача
durability – долговечность
E
edge – кромка
efficiency – КПД, производительность
elaborate – тщательно разрабатывать
eliminate – устранять
58
essential – существенный
evaluate – оценивать
expand – расширять
expenditure – расходы
experience – опыт
F
face – торец
facilitate – облегчать
fasteners – крепеж
fastening point – место крепежа
fatigue strength –усталостная прочность
female part – охватывающая деталь
fit – посадка
easy-slide fit – ходовая посадка
clearance fit – посадка с зазором
interference fit – посадка с натягом
fitting – подгонка
flange – фланец
flexibility – гибкость
follower – ведомый
K
key – шпонка
L
lathe – токарный станок
layout – компоновка, разметка
leader – ведущий
lever – рычаг
liquid – жидкий
lubrication – смазка
M
machine output – полезная отдача
maintainability – удобство обслуживания
maintenance – эксплуатация,
обслуживание
male part – охватываемая деталь
manual control – ручное управление
motion – движение
N
G
gear – привод, шестерня
gearbox – коробка скоростей
gravity – притяжение
groove – паз
H
habitability – обитаемость
hardware – аппаратное обеспечение
hemispherical – полукруглый
I
inspection – контроль, осмотр
interchangeability –
взаимозаменяемость
investigation – исследование
invert – преобразовывать
nut – гайка
O
obsolescence – моральное старение
occur – иметь место
overload – перегрузка
P
pin – штифт
plate – шайба
power intensiveness – энергоемкость
power supply – источник питания
pressure – давление
probe – зонд
propellant – ракетное топливо
protection – защита
provide for – обеспечивать
pusher – толкатель
59
R
reliability – надежность
remote control – дистанционное
упрвление
research – научное исследование
replacement – замена
restrict – ограничивать
rigidity – жесткость
run-in – обкатка
S
strength – прочность
succession – последовательность
supply – подавать, обеспечивать
T
tank(er) – резервуар
taper – конус
tension – растяжение
thread – резьба
tolerance – допуск
torsion – кручение
scratch – царапина
seal – уплотнение
section – сечение
screw – винт
sequence – последовательность
sheet – лист
shell – оболочка
shift – смещение, перемещение
shoulder – бурт
software – программное обеспечение
spline – шлиц
spot weld – точечная сварка
spring – пружина
stationary – неподвижный
stem – шток
strain – деформация
U
unit – единица, агрегат
unplug – отключить
useful – полезный
V
valve – клапан
vehicle – транспортное средство
W
wear – износ
wear resistance – износостойкость
weight – вес
welding – сварка
wire – проволока
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