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G. Work in groups. You are going to develop housing asset management strategy. With
Glossary
good condition.
the help of Yandex Panorama and pictures from t he internet choose any dist rict in your tow n
or city which will form the basis of your project. Mention the following point:
• Stock age.
• Stock type.
• Environmental sustainability.
• Stock maintenance.
• Redevelopment and new build.
• Resident involvement.
• Your priorities.
H. Make a presentation and introduce the project to your groupmates.
I. Make reports about current projects of renovation and restoration carried in Russia.
4.3. Safety in the operation of the housing stock
READING
A. Read the text and decide whether the sentences below are true or false.
Safety [ˈseɪfti] — a state in which or a place where you are safe and not in danger or at risk.
Housing stock [ˈhaʊzɪŋ stɒk] — the houses and other places to live that are available in a
town, country, area, etc.
Maintenance [ˈmeɪntənəns] — the work needed to keep a road, building, machine, etc. in
House Safety Engineering
Housing Stock Safety is an applied science that is closely related to House Safety Engineering.
Home safety engineering ensures that critical life support syst ems are in good condit ion and function
properly.
This area of activity is carried out by Housing Safety Engineers. Their tasks include the design
of home communications, analysis and troubleshooting. They then propose new safety requirements
for the design specifications and can make improvements to existing systems to make the home safer
for occupants.
At an early stage in the design of heating, ventilation or air conditioning equipment for buildings,
programmable sensors with software can be integrated.
Often, in the process of installing e quipment, it i s necessar y to prove t hat the existi ng, completed
communications project is safe. This is important to do even before installing the equipment in the
building. If an engineer discovers significant safety issues late, fixing them can be very costly and
will affect the change in the total cost of the project.
Housing safety policies should apply to complex and critical heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems. HVAC is an important part of residential structures such as single-family homes,
apartment buildings, hotels and living quarters for the elderly; medium and large industrial and office
buildings, skyscrapers and hospitals.
Building systems safety inspection methods are designed to prevent, eliminate, and control
hazards and risks through developed exposures in collaboration with key engineering disciplines.
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The whole concept of housing system safety, as wel l as safe ty in the oper ation of the housing stock,
Safety in the operation of the housing stock, housing stock safety engineering, applied science,
Maintenance intervals, safety requirements, significant safety problems, fault-tolerant systems,
is to influence critical system designs by conducting several types of risk analysis and determining
the weakness of structural elements to reduce risk factors to acceptable levels and the possibility of
certification of housing systems.
One of the goals of Housing Stock Safety is to mitigate the effects of housing maintenance failures
that may go beyond design guidelines, especially in the area of housing maintenance. As a result, it
is necessary to coordinate the cycles of maintenance of operation and inspection of housing (thereby
increasing the risk to tenants). The end result is an overall maintenance schedule specifically designed
to reduce operational risk and ensure an acceptable level of availability, as well as a healthy and
safe living environment.
1. Safety in the operation of the housing stock requires that a life-critical system behaves as
needed and work normally.
2. Ideally, safety-engineers take an early design of a house utilities, analyze it to find what
faults can occur, and then write a report.
3. Fault-tolerant systems can often be made by using more, but smaller and less-expensive
pieces of equipment.
4. If an e ngineer then discovers significant safety problems late in the design process, correcting
them can be very cheap.
5. The Safety in the operation of the housing stock philosophy is to be applied to simple and
critical housing systems.
6. Then the sum total of all the maintenance actions are bundled into maintenance intervals
with the end result being a comprehensive maintenance schedule.
B. Find Russian equivalents.
subsection, guarantee, vital system, safety requirements, acceptably safe, less expensive parts of the
equipment, vital industrial systems, leadi ng engin eering, r edu ce noise pol luti on, rapi dly growing a rea,
reduce risks, determine the operating actions, the nature of the failure, maintenance of ventilation
and heating, roof wear, detailed schedule of operational actions.
C. Answer the following questions.
1. What is Housing Stock Safety Engineering?
2. What is Safety in the operation of the housing stock to?
3. What is the importance of HVAC systems ?
4. What do safety-engineers ideally do?
5. What are housing stock safety engineers usually assigned to?
D. Fill in the gaps with the words from the text.
failure mitigation, to waste, life-critical system, hazards and risks, are bundled
1. Safety in the operation of the housing stock assures that ____________________________
behaves as needed even when components fail.
2. Ideally, safety-engineers take an early design of a system, analyze it to find what faults can
occur, and then propose ____________________________.
3. If an engineer discovers ____________________________ late in the design process, correcting
them can be very expensive.
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4. This type of error has the potential ____________________________ large sums of money.
safety, fail-safe, maintenance, hazard, to mitigate, to prevent, to specify, to assure
5. The proven system safety methods and techniques are to prevent, eliminate and control
____________________________.
E. Complete the definitions below with the words from the box.
1. ___________________________ the act of keeping smith in good condition by
checking or repairing it regularly.
2. ___________________________ the state of being safe and protected from danger or harm.
3. ___________________________ a thing that can be dangerous or cause damage.
4. ___________________________ designed to stop working if anything goes wrong.
5. ___________________________ to make smth less harmful, serious.
6. ___________________________ to stop smth from happening.
7. ___________________________ to state smth by giving exact instructions.
8. ___________________________ to make smith certain to happen.
F. Complete the following article with the following phrases.
incombustible materials
electrical systems
fire fighters
refuge area
toxic gases
property damage
Fire-Protection Concepts. Although fires in buildings can be avoided, they nevertheless occur.
Some of the reasons for this are human error, arson, faulty electrical equipment, poor maintenance
of heating equipment, and natural causes, such as lightning. Consequently, buildings should be
designed to minimize the probability of a fire and to protect life and limit … if a fire should occur.
The minimum steps that should be taken for the purpose are as follows:
1. Limit potential fire loads, with respect to both combustibility and ability to generate smoke
and … .
2. Provide means for pr ompt detection of fir es, with warnings to occ upants who may be affec ted
and notification of the presence of fire-to-fire fighters.
3. Communication of instructions to occupants as to procedures to adapt for safety, such as to
staying in place, proceeding to a designated … , or evacuating the building.
4. Provide means for early extinguishment of any fire that may occur, primarily by automatic
sprinklers but also by trained … .
5. Make available also for firefighting an adequate water supply, appropriate chemicals, adequate-size
piping, convenient located valves on the piping, hoses, pumps, and other equipment necessary.
6. Prevent spread of fire from building to building, either through adequate separation or by
enclosure of the building with … .
7. Partition the interior of the building with fire barriers, or divisions, to confine a fire to a limited
space.
8. Enclose with protective materials structural components that may be damaged by fire (fire-
proofing).
9. Provide refuge areas for occupants and safe evacuation routes to outdoors.
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10. Provide means for removal of heat and smoke from the building as rapidly as possible
without exposing oc cupants to these hazards , with the air-conditio ning system, if one is present,
assisting the removal by venting the building and by pressurizing smoke-proof towers, elevator shafts,
and other exits.
11. For large buildings, install standby equipment for operation in emergencies of … and elevators.
G. Study the definition of Safety in the operation of the housing stock.
Safety in the operation of the housing stock
Safety in the operation of the housing stock studies the different environmental conditions, with
the purpose of making them favorable for living and housing maintenance. It has a clo se relationship
with other fields of engineering such as survey, civil and industrial engineering.
Air quality is a very important aspect of great interest, since vehicles and industries (in a lesser
scale) produce great quantities of toxic gases which pollute the air. Protection of the housing by the
establishment of rules and regulations to control living environment.
Noise is also an important pollutant, since it affects hearing and the nervous system, sometimes
being the direct cause of accidents. The treatment of solid residuals, their adequate handling and
classification according to their uses, are also considered since garbage disposal has become a big
problem for houses. Solid residuals are divided in recyclable, biodegradable and rejectable.
H. Now fill the gaps with the proper words to complete the sentences.
1. ________________________ studies the different environmental conditions.
2. It has a close relationship with other ________________________.
3. Vehicles produce ________________________ which pollute the air.
4. ________________________ is considered as a pollutant, because it affects the hearing and
the nervous system.
5. About solid residuals, Safety in the operation of the housing stock considers their
________________________ , ________________________ , and ________________________ .
I. Tell about safety in the operation of the housing stock considering the following:
1) protection from the elements;
2) a thermal environment that will avoid undue heat loss;
3) a thermal environment that will permit adequate heat loss from the body;
4) an atmosphere of reasonable chemical purity;
5) adequate daylight illumination and avoidance of undue daylight glare;
6) direct sunlight.
EXTRA READING
A. Study the following text and write down the key words.
History of some English housing standards
The first housing standards known to mankind belong to the so-called Code of Laws of King
Hammurabi of Babylon. This code stated that the builder was responsible for the quality of construction,
and also reported on the punishment for the developer for poor-quality construction, especially if
the owner of the house was injured or suffered a loss.
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In the 17th century, housing laws were one of the main elements of the management of society.
For example, one person was not allowed to live in a house, so bachelors were placed in other families,
and they were often forced to play the role of servants or boarders there.
In the colonies of the New World in the 17th century, additional government housing policy
was established. The city administration limited the construction of cheap houses and determined
their permissible sizes.
In the UK at that time it was still very common to build houses with wooden chimneys and a
thatched roof. Of course, this often led to serious fires. Therefore, by the 17th century, rules were
adopted in the English colonies prohibiting such construction. Due to the influx of large numbers of
immigrants from Europe and the Industrial Revolution in the American colonies on the East Coast,
the era of urban planning and the rapid growth of megacities began.
By the middle of the 19th century, New York was the first and the fastest in housing development,
so when high-rise apartment building ha d started, the most serious housi ng problems began . In 1867,
the state of New York stated the famous Tenement Housing Act. The main requirements of the law
were as follows:
• rooms used for sleeping must have ventilation or an opening window;
• for every 20 tenants of apartment buildings, there must be one toilet;
• all roofs and stairs of houses must be repaired;
• every apartment or lodging house must have a fire escape;
• the City Health Board has free access to the lodging houses and they must be cleaned upon
the request;
• the owner of the building is obliged to inform the City Health Board about the occurrence of
diseases in residents;
• buildings are subject to mandatory inspection, disinfection or closure in case of proven lack
of repairs.
In addition to all these conditions, t he mandatory di stance bet ween buil dings, the height of walls ,
fences and the size of window openings were also indicated. For the first time a law reduced the
overcrowding of the state. It also was able to help to solve the problem of water disposal, sewerage,
ventilation and lighting. Most importantly, it served as the basis for new and better housing standards.
B. Make a plan of the text and be ready to retell it.
БИБЛИОГРАФИЧЕСКИЙ СПИСОК
Fabre E. Professional English in Use. ICT / E. Fabre, S. Ester as. — Cambridge University Press,
2010. — 118 с. — ISBN 0521685435, 978-0-521-68543-6.
Glendinning E.H. Oxford English for Careers : Technology 2 : Student’s Book / E.H. Glendinning,
A. Pohl. — Oxford University Press, 2008. — 136 с. — ISBN 0194569535, 978-0-194-56953-8.
Ibbotson M. Professional English in Use. Engineering / M. Ibbotson. — Cambridge University
Press, 2009. — 144 с. — ISBN 978-0-521-73488-2.
Patrizia C. Flash on English for Construction / C. Patrizia. — ELI, 2 012. — 48 с. — ISBN
978-8-853-61450-6.
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