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Английский язык для экономических направлений подготовки. Учебно-методическое пособие

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A. Choose any type of market and make a presentation paying attention to its advantages
Glossary
Data [ˈdeɪ.tə] — information or fact, information in a form that can be stored and used.
and disadvantages.
B. Practice giving advice to each other.
I had a big argument with my boss yesterday. It was my fault. What should I do today?
I have a job interview in English next week. I really want the job. How should I prepare for it?
My house is very old. I need some money to make repairs. What should I do?
I would like to learn another foreign language. Which one should I learn?
A company has offered me a fantastic job, but I would have to travel a lot. I’m afraid of flying.
What should I do?
I want to buy a new flat in your town. Where should I buy it?
I’m very stressed and I need to relax. What should I do?
Unit 3. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN HOUSING SECTOR
READING
A. How are information technologies used in housing sector?
B. Read the text and decide whether the sentences below are true or false.
An integrated system [ˈɪntɪɡreɪtɪd ˈsɪstəm] — a system that has co mbined different func tions
together in order to work as one entity.
Network [ˈnet.wɜːk] — 1) a system of lines, tubes, wires, roads etc that cross each other and
are connected to each other; 2) to connect several computers together so that you can se nd infor­mation between them.
Automated [ˈɔː.tə.meɪ.tɪd] — carried out by machines or computers without needing human
control.
Foster launches integrated building services system
British architect Foster has designed a building services system that integrates lighting, security cameras, fire prevention tools and ventilation.
Norman Foster is a British architect whose company, Foster + Partners, maintains an international design practice famous for high-tech architecture. The last and successful project of his is Apple Park, California (the smart corporate headquarters of Apple company).
The system has been designed by Foster in collaboration with lighting, heating and ventilation companies and was named as the Node.
The Node network consists of a standardized wiring, power and communication system, which is controlled by a single automated platform that makes it easier to operate — lighting, HVAC and other systems can be adjusted from one intuitive wall interface. The system’s devices are intelligent and designed to be configured on a flexible zonal basis, enabling easy set-up and allowing zones to be added or removed without the need to rewire the system.
The system was created as a result of Foster's belief that building services should be considered as part of the design process. The integrated system for a building service offers a single flexible solution, simplifying the specification, installation and operation while ope rat i ng on a com m on platfo rm that allows for future change.
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Each of the devices within the system is shaped like a circular node — all sharing the same materials and visual characteristics. A range of lighting fixtures that will be manufactured by a lighting company, have also been created specifically to work with the system.
With the aim of making it as versatile as possible, Foster has provided the system with modular functionality — meaning zones can be added, or re moved from the net work with out h aving to rewire. The system maximizes the efficiency of the building and gives it the ability to change over time.
Norman Foster believes that buildings in future will be far more responsive and data-driven, and hid new integrated building services system is a step towards creating a dynamic and smart built environment.
1. The new system makes the interior environment more comfortable.
2. The Node consists of smart components, which can be monitored with a wall interface.
3. Foster has integrated the system into the building design.
4. The system is flexible as it doesn’t require rewiring.
5. All the system devices were constructed of unique materials.
6. The house with Node network can be easily reassembled into modules.
7. New system can control the tenants in the meaning zones.
8. Node network simplifies the work at the construction site.
C. Read the text again and choose the best alternative according to the text.
1. The main idea of the article is ________ a) that digital technologies upgrade the living space conditions; b) that ecofriendly materials improve the interior; c) about flexible zonal bias; d) about swift monitoring of employment activity.
2. One of the features of the Node system is ________ a) standardized wiring; b) use of ecofriendly materials; c) inexpensive units; d) use of renewable energy.
3. The innovation technology ________ a) was provided by British architect; b) will be implemented in industrial facilities; c) has a number of obstacles to be used; d) has already found lot of investors in the world.
4. Foster considers that ________ a) his system should be being installed simultaneously with the construction process; b) must be installed in every living apartment; c) has good prospects to be implemented in industrial facilities; d) will have a commercial success.
5. The system is able ________ a) to improve the coordination of HVAC elements; b) to redesign the living space; c) to give people new elements of comfort; d) to supervise the construction process.
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6. From the article we find out that ________ a) units included into the system are built into the intersection; b) the described system is just a design concept; c) the Node is being remotely controlled from Apple Park; d) Norman Foster is famous for his data processing architecture.
7. The energy efficiency of building ________ a) can be improved by means of a new services system; b) will be doubled because of consumption; c) will be reduced due to the number of monitoring devices; d) can become effective in a limited number of zones.
8. Modular functionality by Foster is ________ a) flexible change of the operating space; b) automated only; c) digital effectiveness; d) not a feature of the project.
9. The Node project ________ a) is easy to be operated; b) is used in Norman Foster’s headquarters; c) is objected by heating and ventilation companies; d) has got complicated design.
10. This text is about ________ a) new integrated building services system; b) Nano technologies in construction activity; c) new digital secure interface; d) energy efficient power plant.
D. Read the following article about Domotics. Pay attention to the highlighted words and
try to work out their meaning. Then match them with definitions.
Domotics, from the Latin word domus plus robotics, also known as automation, involves the
use of information technology applied to domestic appliances in order to create intelligent systems inside the house.
Basic intelligent devices, traditional devices with an embedded processor, have been with us
for a while, e.g. microwave ovens and washing machines with computerized controls.
Intelligent homes are a wider concept: all the systems and devices are connected in a LAN,
local area network, where they communicate with each other and are controll ed by a ce ntral co mputer sometimes installed in one of the machines/
Control devices and networking
Intelligent homes are controlled with different types of interfaces, devices that facilitate
communication between the user and the system: physical switches, touch screens, IR (infrared) remote controls, computers either at home or at a distance, telephony.
The different elements perform one of these two functions: they are either command initiators,
e.g. a brightness sensor that is programmed to send an instruction when it gets dark, or command receivers, e.g. a light that turns on when it receives an instruction sent by sensor.
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Household appliances, sound and video syste ms, optical and thermal sensors, ec t. Can be linked
Security
– Turn on and off alarm systems and phone emergency services if needed. – Open and close doors and gates, blinds or curtains.
Safety
– Control heat and smoke sensors.
Comfort and economy
– Control heating, air conditioning and electricity.
Assistive technology
– Raise and lower motorized cupboards and sinks for people with mobility
with wired and wireless. Wired LANs use different types of cables and also electrical wiring.
WLANs, wireless networks, use radio-frequency systems: Bluetooth, a short-range radio system
used to communicate between portable devices (laptops, PDAs, mobile phones, ect.), is now frequently use to design PANs (personal area networks) inside the home.
1. A wireless standard used for PANs.
2. Touch screens, remote control and computers are different types of _________ .
3. The adjective which describes networks without cables.
4. A smoke sensor is an example of a command _________ .
5. The automatic operation of a system or process.
6. The term domotics comes from domus and _________ .
7. The adjective used to describe homes and devices that use IT technology.
8. A light switch can be used as a command _________.
9. LANs where the devices are connected with cables or electrical wiring are _________ .
E. How does information technology impact the industry?
SPEAKING
Work in groups. Use the prompts to discuss what activities information technologies
perform to improve these areas.
– Detect motion and switch on and off lights accordingly. – Switch on and off hi-fi sets and home cinema; select music and programs. – Have everything ready when you wake up: the bath running, the electric
kettle on, the mews headlines on your computer, ect.
– Keep a list of the products in the fridge, make an order to a supermarket
and suggest recipes.
– Provide intelligent garden watering, e.g. only when the soli is dry.
problems.
MAKING THE PRESENTATION
Choose any type of Information Technology and make a presentation, paying attention to
its history, advantages and disadvantages, impact on the housing sector.
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Unit 4. WORK SAFETY
Glossary
4.1. Safety on the construction site
READING
A. How are leading safety hazards on the construction site? B. Read the text and decide whether the sentences below are true or false.
Accident [ˈæksɪdənt] — an unfortunate incident that happens unexpectedly and unintentionally,
typically resulting in damage or injury.
Hazard [ˈhæzəd] — something that is dangerous and likely to cause damage. Protection [prəˈtekʃ ən] — the act of protecting or state of being protected. Warning [ˈwɔːnɪŋ] — something that makes you understand there is a possible danger or
problem, especially one in the future.
Construction activity is considered to be one of the most dangerous kinds of human activity.
The EU statistics demonstrates that about 15 workers per 100 thousand yearly suffer the fatal accidents.
As the specialists say the case is not that people do not aware of danger but that they do not
rapidly control the changes of work environment.
It is believed that the main risks and hazards on the construction site can be the following: crash of motor vehicles, fall risk, accidents during excavation work, fall of heavy objects and electric shock. The other hazards are asbestos, solvents, noise pollution, and wrong handling activity.
Of course, the main cause of injuries in construction is falling from a height. The Occupational Safety and Health Ad ministration Manu al states that fall protecti on and warning signs are nee ded at ramps and footpaths, excavation, lifting areas, various openings, formwork installations, wall construction, roofing, precast concrete panels and slabs, and many other construction works.
Experts do not determine exactly what the height limit should be at which fall protection is required. The height limit can be any height at which there is a threat of injury in a fall. Of course, the employer will be liable i n the ac ci dent i f n ot p rovi ded fall pr otec tion or the use of such protection, and his workers were injured as a result. Fall protection is usually represented by protective barriers, fences, protective net, personal protection of workers.
In case of use at constru ction sites and industrial work envir onment special safety signs are designed. The staff at the construction site must be trained to understand these signs and easily identify hazards and risks they mean.
The workers at the construction sites also require training to identify dangers on the ground. The examples of such kind of danger are cables, hoses and other equipment laid out or running across the road.
Another major danger at a construction site is a crash of motor vehicles. When machinery and vehicles are used on a construction site, it is very important to follow all necessary safet y instructio n s. Service, emergency and parking brake systems as well as an audible warning system are the main requirements for such kind of machinery. In addition, all vehicles should, if possible, have windows and doors opening or retracting, as well as give a good rear view.
All the equipment used at the construction site must well illuminated and have noticeable reflecting signs to be used at night. The constructi on workers must always use t he construction equip ment only for their designed task. The cabin glass of the used construction machinery and technic must suit safety standards.
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1. Construction is the most dangerous work activity.
2. The height limit where fall protection is required is determined.
3. Pedestrians on construction sites do not need to be aware of dangers on the ground.
4. There are workplace safety signs commonly used at construction sites and industrial work
environments.
5. It is important to be safety cautious while operation motor vehicles or equipment on the site.
C. Find the appropriate equivalents for the following:
защита от падения с высоты;
опасность для здоровья;
транспортное средство;
опасность травмирования;
количество несчастных случаев;
система аварийной сигнализации;
ограждение.
D. Study the list of the ten safety hazards on the construction site and order them 1 to 10 (1 = most dangerous, 10 = least dangerous). Then compare your answer with your groupmates:
working at height;
moving objects;
being struck by objects;
slips, trips, and falls;
noise;
material and manual handling;
collapsing trenches;
hazardous materials;
electricity;
airborne fibres and materials.
E. Think about different safety signs and safety advice on the construction site. Look at the safety signs and explain their meanings.
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F. Rewrite the examples of safety advice using always or never.
Example:
Do not use defective tools. — Never use defective tools.
1. Make sure a machine has stopped before removing the guards.
2. Do not use mobile phones in busy working areas.
3. Wear eye protection when using grinders.
4. Do not smoke near flammable substances.
5. Wear a hard hat when work is going on overhead.
6. Do not operate chain saws without ear protection.
7. Make sure the mains supply is disconnected before working on electrical equipment.
8. Store chemicals in a lockable room or container.
G. Do you know what PPE means? Read the article and find different example of PPE.
Personal protective equipment (PPE) is used to protect a person from various dangers and injuries. Such protective equipment usually includes hard hats, protective gloves, goggles, or other elements of clothing or equipment designed to protect the wearer's body from injury. Protective equipment can be worn for protection in working conditions, for sports or during recreational activities. Due to their protective properties, a person can be protected from physical, chemical or biological hazards encountered duri ng the production process or in the environment. Also, this kind of danger can include the threat of electric shock, or damage by solid particles in the air.
PPEs are strictly required to protect employees in all cases on all construction or industrial sites. PPEs are necessary to protect against dangerous diseases or serious injuries that can be obtained in the workplace. It is necessary to take into account the possibility of injuries to the body, head, hands, legs, eyes, face, hearing loss, hand injuries, etc.
Directly on the construction site, four main types of PPE should be used: a hard hat, protective pants, protective boots and a safety vest with the elements of “high visibility”. Around the world, the most common personal protective equipment for construction workers are hard hats and protective boots. Other elements of protective equipment (for example, protective gloves or goggles) are optional.
Thus, the purpose of PPE wearing on a construction site is to protect and reduce the risk of injury to the staff. This is especially important if control and supervision cannot be carried out at a high level, and therefore the dangers and risks of injury also cannot be significantly reduced. However, the use of PPE does not eliminate the source of the danger itself. Therefore, in case of equipment failure, employees will still be exposed to danger.
H. Define the purpose of personal protective equipment. Use the information from the text.
I. Complete the sentences about precautions using the correct forms of the verbs from the table.
to ensure to make to prevent to protect to state to take
1. Employees are responsible for _________ suitable safety precautions.
2. The safety measures are in place to help _________ accidents.
3. Can all workers be _________ from all dangers?
4. It is construction managers’ responsibility to _________ that safety code is followed.
5. The law _________ that safety planning should be undertaken before commencing work.
6. Companies need to _________ sure they are up-to-date with the latest regulations.
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SPEAKING
REGULATION
REASON
Wear a hard hat
Construction site is dangerous. A person must protect his head
A. Work in pairs. Look at the picture of a group of students who are visiting a construction site. Discuss what regulations they might be breaking and why they could be in danger.
B. The construction manager is going to take the group round the construction site. Read what he says about the regulations the students must observe and note in the table. Add reasons using the text and your own safety knowledge.
I am responsible for your health and safety for this visit. Have you all signed in? Construction sites are dangerous places. You must wear a hard hat and yellow vest all the time you’re on site. Can you adjust the internal band of your hard hat now, please? Make sure it fits. Look up, look down. Check it doesn’t fall off”.
“You have been told to wear boots. If anyone is wearing trainers or soft shoes, they cannot go on the tour. There may be nails or spills anywhere. Please do not carry any loose papers with you. It is quite windy today; I do not want papers blowing round the site. You can take pictures but no flash photography on any of the floor levels. It can distract”.
“Look out for the guys with the forklifts. Their eyes are on the load, they are not looking out for pedestrians. Do not pick anything up — it might cut or burn. Always keep with the group and make sure you sign out at the end of the tour!”
MAKING THE PRESENTATION
Work out the construction site safety regulations and present them in the form a presen­tation.
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4.2. Managing of housing stock
A. Look at the picture and say what is wrong with the buil dings in it? Why do they have such an appearance? Use the words below to help you.
shabby come/peel off cracks collapse lean over wiring leakage mould
B. Read the text and answer the questions.
Glossary
Sump pump [sʌmp pʌmp] — is used to remove water that has accumulated in a water-
collecting sump basin, commonly found in the basements of homes.
Leak [liːk] — when a liquid or gas is allowed to escape through a hole in a pipe. Flapper [ˈflæpə] — an intake valve.
The annual home maintenance checklist
Summer is the season to enjoy your home, not fix it. But still, some chores must be done.
Inside your home — H VAC s yste ms. For homes with central heat and air, call HVAC technician to to do biannual checkup and servicing. A technician should check the ductwork for signs of damage, and clean and service the furnace and A/C compressor. Clean the bathroom vents, too.
Steam heat. For those of you with steam heat, drain your boiler to clear out any accumulated sediment.
Plumbing. Give your pipes a good once-over, checking under sinks to make sure there are no signs of leaks. Look up at your ceilings too for water stains — a sign of a leak in the wall. Check faucets for drips and the flapper in the tank of your toilet to make sure it has not worn out (once the flapper starts to go, expect your toilet to run more frequently.) Fix what you can yourself; call a plumber for what you need help with.
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Sump pump. Spring often brings rain. Check your sump pump to make sure it’s draining properly. You do not want to wait until a major snow thaw or rainstorm to find out that the pump’s motor is shot.
Chimney. Even if you do not regularly use the fireplace, the chimney still needs a regular checkup. A chimney carries dangerous gases from your fireplace, wood stove or furnace out of your home, helping to keep the air inside breathable. Your chimney should be inspected annually and cleaned periodically depending upon how often you use it.
Check your smoke alarm and carbon monoxide detectors. In the USA b etween 2007 and 2011, almost two-thirds of home fire deaths were in homes without working smoke detectors. Change batteries on your smoke and carbon monoxide detectors once a year. The switch to daylight time is a good day to choose for the job. You may also want to consider so-called smart detectors that are linked throughout your home and give voice alerts, not just alarms.
C. Match the words in bold with their definitions.
1) ________ be used until no longer in good condition or working order;
2) ________ a device for drawing or regulating the flow of liquid especially from a pipe;
3) ________ the matter that settles to the bottom of a liquid;
4) ________ a vertical pipe which conducts smoke and gases up from a fire or furnace;
5) ________ when a liquid or gas escapes through a hole in a container made by accident;
6) ________ a warning of danger, usually a loud noise.
D. Look through the text once again, then cover it and tell what kinds of chores must be done in each area:
• HVAC systems.
• Steam heat.
Plumbing.
• Sump pump.
Chimney.
• Smoke alarm.
E. Read and translate the text.
Housing asset management strategy
The housing stock is the most valuable asset in every city or town and therefore it is important to ensure that it continues to be properly managed. New properties are always built, new improvements within existing housing and repairs must be carefully planned to ensure budgets and the quality standards are kept. The Housing Asset Management Strategy plays an important role in that, considering what has been achieved and identi fyi ng ne w priorit ies f or the following years. The strategy comprises such elements as stock maintenance, maintenance workforce, budgeting, redevelopment and new build and resident involvement.
It should be noted that environmental factors must be seriously taken into account in asset management processes and play a key rol e i n inf ormin g the deci sions whi ch are taken about residential assets. Some positive work must be carried out on environmental issues, to reduce carbon emissions and to encourage communities to help fight climate change.
Another important factor in resident involvement. One of the possible solutions is to create Residents Forum that will provide a great opportunity for us to approach tenants with ideas, policies, or initiatives. Some time should be spent with all the residents both individually and together to explain the decisions and listen to their concerns.
Finally, a competent and trained workforce must be developed to d elive r th e housi ng mai ntenan c e service to residents. For example, some local companies can be involved to contribute to the service.
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