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Файл:Английский язык для автоматизации строительства English for construction automation. Учебно-методическое пособие.pdf
Task 15. Find in the text advantages and disadvantages of automated construction and
discuss them with your partner. Can you add any characteristics of home automation to this list?
Task 16. Look at the picture “The framework of construction automation” and describe
the construction process using automated equipment.
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Unit 3. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN AUTOMATION
Task 1. Look at the picture and read a definition of home automation concept. What is
home automation used for? What is the difference between construction automation and home
automation? What are functions and components of home automation? What is remote control?
What devices can be called automated? What tasks can be performed by home automation devices?
What are possible benefits and drawbacks of the technology? Do you know any real-life examples
of using a home automation system?
Home automation means the remote control of household devices. In other words, a user controls
the utilities’ operations via the Internet using programmed applications. The main purposes of the
technology are making make life more comfortable and secure, and saving money on household bills
while reducing the energy usage.
Task 2. Read the text about home automation and find the answers to the questions from
the task 1.
How does home automation work?
Home automation is a system integrating household devices with one another via the Internet.
The main components of the system are smart devices having Internet connection (usually through Wi-Fi)
which provides them with ability to gather and share information. This technology is also called the
Internet of things (IoT).
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Home automation elements
The element of a smart device which receives and sends information about the appliance’s performance is a controller. In addition to controllers, each appliance has sensors monitoring the environment
(temperature, light conditions, motion, humidity). Sensors allow the home automation devices to know
how they need to act. Moreover, there are different types of mechanisms applied to make devices work,
they are called actuators, and they are activated by controllers. For example, switches or relays switch
the power going to a device on or off; dimmers control the brightness of light; roller shutters move
motorised shutters and curtains; siren raises an alarm when triggered by a controller or smoke detectors.
Organisation of home network
The whole home automation network consisting of interconnected appliances is managed by a
system controller or a hub. It automizes everything at home. The hub is connected to the Internet,
consequently, automation system can be managed remotely by a computer or a smartphone using
special software. A controller and automated devices form a secure home network which is used to
exchange data among appliances. This ―communication‖ is performed by communication protocols
such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Z-Wave, or Zigbee.
What are smart technologies used in automated homes?
Smart lighting systems are customized. It means that these systems adjust lighting to suit the
needs of occupants. Moreover, smart lightbulbs regulate themselves based on the level of daylight.
Smart thermostats monitor and control home temperatures. These devices automatically modify
settings according to users' preferences to make home environment more comfortable. Smart thermostats
also provide users with data about energy usage.
Smart door locks are used to control visitors’ home access remotely. Smart locks can also recognize
homeowners and unlock the doors for them.
Smart security cameras and systems allow homeowners monitor their homes when they leave
home. Smart motion sensors send notifications to authorities if suspicious behavior is detected.
Smart kitchen appliances vary from smart coffee makers that brew a cup automatically at a
programmed time to smart refrigerators that make shopping lists or even create recipes based on
available ingredients.
Smart plugs make traditional home appliances smart, so they can be controlled remotely.
Benefits and drawbacks of home automation
The use of the technology enhances the convenience and comfort of living, increases energy
efficiency and savings, and makes home more safe and secure space.
Convenience and comfort. Home automation offers homeowners increased comfort of living by
automating regular domestic tasks. The technology allows to customize the appliances’ settings and
control their work remotely and permanently.
Energy efficiency and savings. Smart devices minimize energy wastage resulting in substantial
money savings.
Security and safety. Smart security devices such as smart locks, security cameras, and alarm
systems provide homeowners with real-time data about a home’s safety status. They can alert the
owners to any unusual activity.
Concerns and challenges
Despite the fact that home automation systems offer significant benefits, there are still challenges.
The main problem of the system are security risks, as hackers can gain access to a home network
and IoT appliances. To mitigate the risk to lose control under the home automation system homeowners
should protect the home network and smart devices with a strong password. The owners should utilize
only trusted devices and use secure Internet connection.
In conclusion, home automation can make people’s lives easier and more comfortable if system’s
security issues will be strictly controlled.
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Task 3. Read the definitions and find appropriate words in the text.
Definitions
Words
a group of people who live together
objects with computing devices in them able to connect to each other
and exchange data using the internet
a machine invented for a particular purpose
the act of doing something
a piece of equipment, especially an electrical one that is used in the house
the conditions that you live or work in
to watch a situation for a period of time
a device that discovers and reacts to changes
a measurement of how much water there is in the air
the act or process of moving
electricity used
the state of being suitable for someone’s purposes and easy to use
relating to the home
to make something according to a user’s needs
the place on a device where you can set functions
something that needs great mental effort in order to be done successfully
information collected to be examined
Task 4. Read the sentences and fill in the gaps with appropriate words from the list: the Internet
of things, environmental, humidity, performance, sensor, motion, power, customize, data, household,
monitors, adjusts, domestic, appliances, device, challenge, convenience, settings, remote control,
safety, access.
1. __________ has revolutionized the way household devices and __________ are connected
and controlled. 2. The __________ of our smart thermostat is optimized by monitoring the environment
and adjusting settings accordingly. 3. The __________ in our smart home security system monitors
__________ and humidity levels to detect any unusual activity. 4. The __________ consumption of
our smart appliances can be managed for convenience and cost savings. 5. It can be a challenge to
__________ the settings of all the connected devices in our domestic network. 6. The __________
collected from our smart devices can provide valuable insights into our ___ habits and routines.
7. I bought a new __________ for my home that can control all the appliances remotely. 8. It is
important to consider the __________ impact of the products we use. 9. I need to monitor the
__________ levels in my basement to prevent mold growth. 10. Smart home technology offers
__________ by allowing you to control domestic appliances with your smartphone. 11. You can
customize the __________ on your phone to personalize your user experience. 12. The device
__________ real-time data. 13. The smart thermostat __________ the temperature based on the
environmental conditions. 14. The modern kitchen is equipped with several __________ appliances
for cooking and cleaning. 15. Collecting the data we faced a __________. 16. Through __________,
home automation enables you to adjust the temperature, lighting, and even security cameras from afar.
17. With home automation, you can monitor the __________ of your home from anywhere.
18. Home automation provides secure __________ to your home’s security system.
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Task 5. Read the statements and decide whether they are true or false according to the text.
Statements
T/F
Sensors are connected to the Internet
Appliances communicate via protocols
Smart devices adjust functioning to meet user’s requirements
Home automation allows to control devices manually
The use of smart appliances leads to their increase of energy consumption
Settings are customized via applications
Hacked devices enhance security of the whole system
Dimmers are the main component of the system
Home security system depends on controllers
Advantages of home automation
Disadvantages of home automation
Remote access
Ability to perform actions
without personal presence
Costs
Expensive IoT devises
Comfort
Settings customization
Security issues
Devices connected to the
Internet can be hacked
Energy efficiency
Electricity is not wasted
unnecessarily
New technology
Developing IoT technology
has bugs
Safety
With smart security systems
your home is controlled from
anywhere with Internet
Surveillance
People can get access to your
cameras
… … …
…
Task 6. Read the table filled with information from the text. Add advantages and disadvantages
of home automation use. In pairs discuss benefits and drawbacks of the system use.
Task 7. Read the sentences and translate them into Russian paying attention to forms of
participles used.
1. Having programmed the HVAC system, the engineer left the site. 2. Having been updated by
the team, the building's security system is now more efficient. 3. Having assessed the building’s needs,
the engineer proposed a new automation system. 4. Monitoring the building's energy usage in real time,
the system identifies potential inefficiencies. 5. Evaluated by the team, the performance of the newly
installed sensors met all expectations. 6. Adjusting the temperature based on the number of people
in the room, the HVAC system maintains optimal comfort levels. 7. Approved by the project manager,
the installation of the new fire alarm system proceeded without delay. 8. Streamlining operations and
maintenance tasks, the building automation system increases overall efficiency. 9. Having installed
the new lighting system, the technicians were able to move on to the next task. 10. Designed by the
engineers, the new HVAC system is much more efficient. 11. Reducing energy costs and improving
comfort, the building automation system is a worthwhile investment. 12. Completed by the team,
the installation of the fire alarm system has improved safety. 13. Detecting any unusual activity in
the building, the smart sensors trigger alerts. 14. Having optimized the lighting system, the engineers
expect to see significant energy savings. 15. Controlling all building systems, the automation software
simplifies management tasks. 16. Checked by the technicians, the HVAC system is running smoothly.
17. Synchronizing all security features, the building automation system enhances overall security.
18. Tested thoroughly, the new fire alarm system is ready to be put into service. 19. Analysing real-time
data, the building automation system can predict potential issues. 20. Reviewed by the engineers,
the building’s automation plan is ready for implementation. 21. Automating routine tasks, the system
frees up staff for more complex issues. 22. Having upgraded the energy management system, the building
now meets the latest energy efficiency standards.
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Task 8. Read the sentences and translate them into Russian paying attention to the use of
Risk mitigation; Project planning efficiency; Increasing jobsite productivity; Saving expenses;
Off-site construction; Improving building design; Making construction safe; Addressing labour
shortages; Big data evaluation; Efficient maintenance
different forms of verbs.
1. The workers, wearing hard hats and harnesses, are constructing a skyscraper. 2. To build a
sturdy foundation, you need to level the ground and lay the concrete. 3. The architect, known for his
innovative designs, is creating a blueprint for a new museum. 4. It is essential to reinforce the steel
structures before pouring the cement. 5. The construction manager, having overseen numerous projects,
is confident in his team’s abilities. 6. To prevent any accidents, workers must wear protective gear
and follow safety protocols. 7. The builders, working diligently, are assembling the scaffolding for
the exterior walls. 8. To achieve an aesthetically pleasing design, the interior decorator is selecting color
schemes and materials. 9. Properly insulating the walls helps in maintaining energy efficiency in the
building. 10. The contractors, having years of experience, are able to complete the project ahead of
schedule. 11. To comply with building codes, constructors must install fire exits and emergency lighting.
12. The painters, wearing masks and gloves, are applying a fresh coat of paint to the walls. 13. The project
manager, with a keen eye for detail, is supervising every aspect of the construction. 14. To enhance
structural stability, engineers are reinforcing the beams with steel plates. 15. The electricians, using
wire cutters and pliers, are carefully installing the electrical wiring. 16. Having studied architecture,
she is knowledgeable about sustainable building practices. 17. The demolition crew, equipped with
wrecking balls and bulldozers, is tearing down an old building. 18. To minimize noise pollution,
builders must install soundproof insulation in walls and floors. 19. The surveyor, having measured
the land, is marking out the boundaries for the construction site.
Task 9. Do you agree with the statement: “Home automation is the future of building
construction”? Discuss your answer in a pair or a small group.
Task 10. Look at the picture and answer the following questions: What is artificial intelligence?
Why is it used in the construction industry?
Task 11. Read the text and match paragraphs with the following titles.
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Artificial intelligence and machine learning in construction
Artificial intelligence (AI) is the ability of machines to imitate human cognitive functions. In other
words, machines can analyse data, identify patterns, find solutions to problems, and even predict the
future. Machine learning is a subfield of AI. It makes machines able to ―learn‖ from data not being
specifically programmed to do it. In the construction industry, there are numerous potential applications
for machine learning and AI. Machine learning acts as a smart assistant, capable of analyzing vast
amounts of data and alerting project managers to critical issues that require attention. AI applications
in construction range from simple tasks like email filtering to complex safety monitoring.
AI applications in construction range from routine filtering of emails to complex safety monitoring.
Let’s explore some examples.
1. __________ Artificial Neural Networks can predict how the construction process will be
implemented. For example, by considering various factors like project scale and employees’ professional
competence they can prevent cost overruns. Predictive models analyze data gathered during the realization
of previous projects to create realistic timelines for future projects.
2. __________ Building information modeling (BIM) is a process that integrates various construction
plans into a 3D model. The model integrates various architectural and engineering plans as well as
the sequence of activities of each construction team. AI-powered generative design identifies conflicts
between different models created by different teams, preventing rework. The software generates
optimized 3D models based on user requirements and constraints.
3. __________ Complex construction projects involve not only a large number of different
tasks to be performed simultaneously, but also a wide range of associated risks such as quality loss,
safety hazards, time delays and cost overruns. AI algorithms monitor and rate on-site risks on a scale
of possibility, allowing project teams to focus their resources on the most significant risk factors.
4. __________ AI improves project planning by utilizing robots to scan construction sites and
collect data. This data is then analyzed by deep neural networks to assess the progress of work and
identify potential issues before they become real problems. Machine learning algorithms can optimize
project planning by analyzing similar projects and generating alternative paths.
5. __________ Self-driving construction machinery performs repetitive tasks on modern construction
sites, freeing up human workers for more complex tasks. The work of human employees is assessed
using real-time monitoring through onsite cameras. This way project managers control construction
processes effectively.
6. __________ Construction sites are among the most dangerous workplaces, as builders die
five times more often than laborers in other industries. To prevent injuries and fatal accidents AI
algorithms identify possible safety hazards by analyzing photos from construction sites. For example,
smart cameras detect and shoot violations of safety requirements such as workers not wearing personal
protective equipment or situation of unauthorized access to the construction site. By matching these
images with accident records, AI can compute risk ratings for projects, helping prevent accidents.
7. __________ To enhance productivity in the construction industry it is essential to plan labor and
machinery distribution across jobs. AI and data science can analyze real-time data gathered from sites
in order to evaluate job progress and the location of workers and equipment, providing valuable information
for project managers. Managers then decide how to redistribute labour to get the job done on time.
8. __________ Autonomous robots in off-site factories can produce building components,
which are then assembled by human workers on-site. Prefabrication is becoming more popular, allowing
autonomous machinery to complete tasks like wall assembly, while human workers focus on more
specialized tasks such as plumbing, laying building utilities.
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9. __________ Construction sites generate vast amounts of data that can be utilized by AI systems.
Data from automated equipment, drone videos, drone videos, security sensors, and BIM models can
be evaluated by machine learning systems to generate engineering insights and improve construction
processes.
10. __________ AI can collect and store information about a structure during the construction process.
This data, gathered through sensors, drones, and wireless technologies, provides valuable insights
into the operation and performance of the structure. AI can monitor the structure after construction
is complete, identifying emerging problems and determining when preventive maintenance is needed.
In summary, AI and machine learning offer significant potential for the construction industry,
improving efficiency, safety, and productivity throughout the construction process.
Task 12. In pairs answer the following questions.
How do Artificial Neural Networks learn? What are functions of Artificial Intelligence in the
construction industry? What is the connection between robots and AI? How is AI used in BIM models?
Why is construction dangerous industry? What should be done to minimize risks on the construction site?
How do construction managers work with AI? In what way does AI improve the project management?
How does AI make the construction site safer? What is the role of AI at the post-construction stage?
What are benefits of AI use in the construction industry? What are possible drawbacks of AI use?
Task 13. Look at the picture and prepare a presentation on “The use of Artificial Intelligence
in the construction industry: pros and cons”.
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Unit 4. CONSTRUCTION SUSTAINABILITY
Task 1. In pairs answer the following questions: What is sustainability? What does IoT stand for?
Task 2. Look at the picture presenting key sustainable principles. How can these principles
be implemented in the construction industry?
Task 3. Read the text and answer the question. How is the IoT used to make construction
sustainable?
The IoT makes construction sustainable
The Internet of things (IoT) is a network of diverse devices linked by a private internet connection
for secure communication. Each device has sensors that monitor its surroundings and gather data in
real time. The use of the sensors allows to improve devices’ functionality.
By installing IoT sensors in all kinds of construction equipment, professionals enable the Internet
of things to provide the full sustainability potential of building projects.
Efficient resource management. The IoT’s greatest benefit to construction is more efficient resource
management. Using real-time equipment monitoring site managers can track fuel consumption and decide
whether the equipment needs maintenance. Moreover, water disposal processes on the construction
site can be optimized with the help of automated devices improving waste water management.
It also saves time that is the most valuable resource for all people. The IoT reduces operational costs,
increases labour productivity and eliminates time delays. Consequently, the construction process takes
less time making the whole project shorter and more sustainable, minimizing resource consumption
and environmental damage.
Enhanced productivity, safety. The IoT technologies enhance worksite safety. Thus, it helps
improving employee productivity. For example, crews wear devices with built-in sensors. They track
workers’ health and working conditions, detecting problems before they lead to accidents.
Constantly monitoring construction equipment and surveillance systems help managers identify
and address unsafe or wasteful behaviour patterns. If an incident emerges, real-time data allows to
respond to a problem faster.
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Improved building maintenance. Builders can also implement IoT energy management solutions such
Statements
T/F
IoT saves time
Sustainable technologies maximize resource consumption
Money is the most valuable resource
The higher employee productivity is, the lower on-site safety is
Automated equipment detects problems only when they have already happened
Managers monitor the worksite
Work of robots is more precise than human’s one
Prefab buildings are more eco-friendly than traditional ones
BIM models help to identify dangerous materials
IoT devices cannot monitor the building after construction
Energy consumption does not influence construction sustainability
as smart home devices to decrease power wastage. Smart appliances help homeowners and businesses
monitor their building engineering systems to optimize energy usage.
Moreover, IoT sensors can monitor urban environmental factors like level of noise, quality of
the air, and waste disposal. Citizens can access this information about their communities using special
software. Having this data people can communicate with local authorities providing feedback, and
participate in local sustainability initiatives.
While the use of IoT optimizes resource management, automated technologies can perform
specific tasks on-site improving construction sustainability.
Construction robotics. Autonomous robots and equipment are faster and more precise than humans.
Construction robots avoid logistical errors and only use as many materials and energy as they need.
Prefab building. Prefab building is an eco-friendlier type of construction rather than traditional
building of the entire structure on-site. Elements of the future building can be created in a controlled
warehouse to improve energy efficiency, use materials economically, and minimize waste. For example,
3D printing can significantly reduce construction pollution because it eliminates those construction
practices which result in greenhouse gas emissions, soil pollution and stormwater runoff. This automated
technology allows to create eco-friendly building designs more efficiently.
Building information modelling. BIM is an automated software that creates detailed threedimensional construction projects, providing an opportunity to monitor and control the whole life cycle
of a building, ensuring the implementation of sustainability standards. BIM’s data-driven designs
instantly evaluate the level of energy consumption, applying of hazardous materials and other fields
of improvement. These issues usually aren’t taken into consideration until the problem arises, but BIM
reveals them during the design phase.
In conclusion, the IoT enables sustainable practices in management practices. Meanwhile, automated
technology makes construction more accurate and reduces the industry’s environmental impact.
These technologies are being developed to contribute the world's ecological issues, consequently,
making people’s living sustainable.
Task 4. Answer the following questions using information from the text.
What is resource management? How can IoT increase labour productivity? How does IoT improve
resource management? How is the construction safety improved with the help of IoT? Why is it important
to enhance building maintenance? Do you agree that IoT is needed to make the construction industry
sustainable? What are prefab buildings? Why are they eco-friendly? What can BIM do to make
construction sustainable? What technology contributes more to the construction sustainability — IoT
or construction automation?
Task 5. Read the following statements and decide whether they are true or false according
to the text.
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