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Файл:English for engineers in construction mechanization and automation (Коммуникативный метод обучения профессиональному английскому языку). Учебное пособ
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Goodnight, goodnight, construction site
(by Sherri Dusky Rinker)
Down in the big construction site, the tough trucks work with all their might
to build a building, make a road, to get the job done – load by load!
The sun has set; the work is done. It’s time for trucks to end their fun.
So, one by one they’ll go to bed to yawn and rest their sleepy heads,
then wake up to another day of rough-and-tough construction play!
Working hard to help his team, Crane Truck raises one last beam.
Reaching, stretching, lifting high, he swings the beam into the sky.
He’ll set it down right on its mark, then off to bed; it’s almost dark.
He slowly folds his boom back in, and then with one last sleepy grin,
he tucks himself in nice and tight . . .Sigh! . . . then cuddles up and says goodnight.
Shh. Goodnight, Crane Truck, goodnight.
Spinning, churning, all day long, Cement Mixer sings his whirly song.
Now . . . yawn! He’s weary and so dizzy from the fun that keeps him busy.
With one last spin, he pours the load. He’s ready now to leave the road.
He takes a bath, gets shiny bright, pulls up his chute, turns off his light.
He cuts his engine, slows his drum, and dreams sweet dreams of twirl fun.
Shh. Goodnight, Cement Mixer, goodnight.
Dump Truck loves to work and haul. He carries loads both big and small.
He moves the dirt from place to place, then dumps it with a happy face.
One final load spills on the heap. Crrrunch! Now Dump Truck’s tired and wants to
sleep.
He lowers his bed, locks his gate, rests his wheels; it’s getting late.
He dims his lights, then shuts his doors, and soon his engine slows to snores.
“Hey! Pipe down!” Shh. Goodnight, Dump Truck, goodnight.
Pushing with his mighty blade, Bulldozer works to smooth the grade.
He clears the way to level ground and fills the air with thunderous sound.
Rooaaar! No one’s as tough and strong as he! But now he’s sleepy as can be.
He puffs some smoke out of his stack, turns off his engine, stops his track.
He curls into his soft dirt bed and dreams of busy days ahead.
Shh. Goodnight, Bulldozer, goodnight.
Scooping gravel, dirt, and sand, Excavator shapes the land.
He digs and lifts throughout the day. Arr! But now it’s time to end his play.
A few more holes to dig and soon, he’ll roll to bed beneath the moon.
Yawn! He twirls upon his bumpy track, pulls up his boom, stretches his back.
He sets his scoop down on the ground and snuggles up without a sound.
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Shh. Goodnight, Excavator, goodnight.
These big, big trucks, so tough and loud, they work so hard, so rough and proud.
Tomorrow is another day, another chance to work and play.
Turn off your engines, stop your tracks, relax your wheels, your stacks, and backs.
No more huffing and puffing, team. It’s time to rest your heads and dream.
Construction site, all tucked in tight. The day is done; turn off the light.
Great work today. Now, shh, goodnight.
7. Read the text again, find in it all the words and phrases on the
topic «Building site», make your own wordlist and check each other in
pairs.
Text 2.
SAFETY MEASURES ON THE BUILDING SITE
Safety measures play a significant role in the modern construction
industry. It should be present at any site, regardless of the scale of the facility being built. After all, any construction is a place of increased danger.
Numerous machines and equipment are put into operation here, many of
which weigh whole tons. Systems, aggregates and many other devices and
operating moments require that the safety rules on the part of all participants in the process are clearly observed.
First of all, the question is about the proper organization of the process. Any construction work is preceded by the preparatory stage for the
organization of the working area, which includes the following activities:
fencing of the territory on which construction work is supposed, organization of drainage, transfer of communications, arrangement of temporary
access roads, posting temporary engineering communications, etc.
An important point in organizing safe working conditions at a construction site is restricting access to it by unauthorized persons and animals. For this purpose, temporary fences are being erected. Safety regulations also require the protection of workplaces with the help of special
fences. If work is carried out on the roof with a slope of more than 20 degrees, such workplaces should be equipped with a ladder.
Construction sites should be evenly lit in the dark. There are special
regulations governing lighting levels. If the noise level at the work site ex-
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ceeds 85 dB, they must be indicated by appropriate signs. Work in such
areas requires mandatory use of PPE (personal protection equipment).
If the work is carried out in open space, it is necessary to organize
canopies that protect personnel. If the air temperature in open work sites or
in unheated rooms drops below 10 degrees, workers must be provided with
space for heating.
The minimum level of comfort at construction sites should be provided by a complex of sanitary facilities – a dining room, a locker room, a
shower room, a restroom, etc.
First aid kit is mandatory at each construction site.
Building materials and structures must be stored in such a way as to
ensure their convenient transportation. Access roads must be brought to
the storage area.
Construction sites may have hazardous, restricted and protected areas.
Often, hazardous areas are formed already in the process of construction
work – for example, as a result of soil landslides in pits.
1. Answer the questions below.
1. Why is any construction considered as a place of increased danger?
2. What is the first thing for the safety in construction?
3. What works does the preparatory stage of construction include?
4. Why are the special fences necessary on the building sites?
5. What should the minimum level of comfort at construction sites be
provided by?
6. Why is mandatory at each construction site?
2. Read and translate into Russian the text about the building
workers' professional risks.
Professional risks of injury to building workers are associated with the
specifics of work, including high-altitude types of work (falling from
roofs, scaffolding, stairs, etc.), earthwork (trench collapse, operation of
earth-moving machinery), the use of lifting mechanisms (cranes and construction winches), the use of electrical equipment and hand tools, as well
as vehicles at the construction site. Construction sites are often in a mess,
cluttered, which contributes to emergency situations.
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Construction workers are also exposed to a number of health risk factors, including exposure to hazardous substances (such as asbestoscontaining dust, quartz and other hazardous substances), manual movement of heavy and bulky goods, exposure to high noise and vibration levels (both from hand tools and from large cars). Back pain and other muscle
injuries from lifting heavy loads make up a significant proportion of occupational injuries in this industry. Asbestos is a particular problem because
even if the use of asbestos was prohibited in many (but not all) countries,
construction workers may be exposed to dangerous levels of asbestos dust
present in the air during the dismantling of buildings, reconstruction and
repair work.
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Unit 9. HEALTH & SAFETY AT WORK
Find the meaning of these words and phrases in the dictionary and
remember them.
to affect
safety instructions
to provide
to vary
to aim at
employee
comprehensive
measures
obligatory
fire extinguisher
fire fighter
to be obliged
work-related
injury
implementation
in addition
depending
protection devices
sign
to prevent
equipment
Text 1.
SAFETY AND HEALTH PROTECTION AT WORK
Labor protection is an integral part in absolutely any field of work.
These are clear instructions and rules, the observance of which affects the
health of all employees and workers, as well as the productivity of production. Certain labor protection instructions vary depending on the direction
and characteristics of production. All paragraphs of the instructions are obligatory and provided by law.
Instructions for the operation of equipment, rules of behavior, collective and personal protective equipment, etc. differ depending on the direction and characteristics of the enterprise or industry as a whole. Each organization, in addition to the main points prescribed by the law, forms its
own specific rules and creates working conditions in accordance with its
specifics.
Labor protection measures are developed on the basis of the Constitution of the country, and their implementation rests with the administration
of enterprises and organizations. The organization is obliged to introduce
modern means of protection that prevent work-related injuries and provide
sanitary conditions that prevent the occurrence of occupational diseases.
Labor protection in Russia is a wide range of legal, sanitary, hygienic,
technical and organizational measures aimed at creating healthy, safe and
highly productive working conditions at public catering establishments.
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Safety is one of the main tasks of «Labor Protection», which includes
a set of technical and organizational measures aimed at creating and implementing safe equipment, safe production processes, means of automatic
communication and signaling, protective and safety devices, as well as
personal protective equipment to prevent the possibility of industrial
injuries.
At each enterprise, the relationship between workers and employees
with the administration is negotiated in the form of a collective agreement,
which is concluded by the local trade union committee on behalf of the
workers and employees with the administration of the enterprise. The conclusion of a collective agreement is preceded by discussion and approval
of its project at a meeting of workers and employees. This contract applies
to all workers and employees of the enterprise, regardless of whether it is a
member of a trade union.
The collective agreement provides, among other things, social guarantees in the field of labor protection, as well as comprehensive measures to
achieve established safety standards, occupational health, prevent occupational injuries, occupational diseases, etc.
1. Read the text again and match the words with their definitions.
1. Collective agreement.
2. Prescribed by the law.
3. Social guarantees.
4. Regardless of.
5. Approval.
6. Occupational health.
a) in spite of;
b) acceptance;
c) is a multidisciplinary field concerned with the safety and health of
people at work;
d) a written contract negotiated by workers with the management of a
company that regulates the terms and conditions of employees at work;
e) legally provided;
f) the means, methods and conditions by which the conditions of life
in the field of socio-economic and socio-political rights of members of
society are provided.
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Text 2.
BEHAVIOR IN THE FIRE SITUATIONS AT WORKPLACE
In the event of a fire at industrial facilities or at any other enterprise,
in no case panic should be allowed. In no case personnel should leave the
smoke zone without organizing. The flow of people in panic is sealed in
doorways. If the staff is not adequately trained and there are no special
means for notification at the enterprise, this can cause a crush and, as a
result, undesirable injury.
There are general rules that must be followed in case of fires to save
lives, as well as property or equipment:
– when a fire is detected, it is necessary, if possible, to try to extinguish it using a fire extinguisher or tap water specially designed for this
purpose. Small fire areas can always be covered with a dense cloth to
block air access;
– before you try to extinguish the flame that has arisen on the wires,
you must turn off the electricity;
– when a fire starts, it is imperative to inform the fire department
about this. It will be necessary to give the exact address of the enterprise,
your surname, and upon arrival of the fire brigade, if possible, arrange access to the fire areas, clearing the passage for them;
– if a fire alarm sounded in the building of the enterprise, it is imperative to start the evacuation according to the plan, which should be on each
floor. It is strictly forbidden to use the elevator during a fire. To evacuate
from lower floors, window openings can be used as an exit;
– when moving in close proximity to a flame source, it is recommended to cover yourself with a wet blanket. In smoke-filled rooms you need to
move so that the airways are as close to the floor as possible. In order not
to inhale toxic fumes, it is advisable to cover your mouth and nose with a
damp piece of cloth or a handkerchief;
– in case the fire spread to clothes, it is not recommended to run. In
such situations, you must try to lie down on the ground and turn over from
your back to your stomach, extinguish the flame with earth, water or snow;
– the fire zone must be left upwind.
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All workers should be aware of the necessary actions during a fire
evacuation. The actions of employees in case of fire should be clear.
Therefore, training evacuations should be regularly conducted at enterprises.
1. Put the actions in the correct order in case of fire at the indus-
trial enterprise.
a) to warn firefighters about people who stayed inside;
b) to inform the head of the enterprise about the occurrence of a fire;
c) to provide first aid if necessary;
d) to call the fire department;
e) to e evacuate employees;
f) to call security at the entrance;
g) to enable fire alarms for employees;
h) to meet firefighters and help get to the place of ignition.
2. Read the mini-texts about personal protective equipment and
match the words in the box with the correct description.
special-purpose clothing gas respirator pressure suit
chemical aid packet safety glasses safety helmet
An insulating (1)_______ aims to protect the worker from the effects
of radioactive aerosols and gases and from skin contact with radioactive
substances due to the excess supply of clean air.
The main purpose of (2)_________ to provide reliable protection of
the human body from various production factors while maintaining a normal functional state and productivity.
A (3)__________ is a device designed to protect the wearer from
inhaling hazardous atmospheres, including fumes, vapors, gases and particulate matter such as dusts and airborne microorganisms.
The (4)_________ protect the eyes from various harmful effects: mechanical and chemical damage, as well as exposure to excessively bright or
unfavorable spectral composition of light.
(5)_________ is intended for first aid in case of poisonous agents.
They provide for partial sanitization of exposed areas of the skin and
directly adjacent to them areas of uniforms infected with fluids.
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Leather, metal or plastic (6)____ protects the heads of military personnel, firefighters and representatives of a number of other categories of
persons acting in dangerous conditions.
Read the information about safety signs and their meanings
Different Types of Safety Signs
Safety signs for labor protection are symbols that help to preserve the
life and health of workers, to prevent injury and accident at the enterprise.
Such signs should be in every organization: in the territory, workplaces, in
corridors. In order to ensure safe operation, it is necessary to timely warn
employees about possible dangers.
The distribution of active signs by types is established by the current
labor legislation, as well as instructions of state authorities in the field of
labor protection.
Prohibition Signs contain a ban on dangerous behavior, do not allow
emergency situations. They are called upon to warn employees of the insti-
tution about the danger in work. Such are, for example, «Access is prohibited», «Smoking is prohibited». Their feature is the prohibition of certain
actions: movement, the use of specific objects. In case of violation of the
prohibitions provided for by such signs, the employee may be punished,
depending on the severity of the consequences. It is important to pay close
attention to these signs in organizations dealing with hazardous and harmful substances.
Warning Signs inform about the possible danger, call for caution and
attention. They warn employees about possible negative consequences,
which appear depending on the working conditions and the characteristics
of the organization's lines of activity. They also inform about the nature of
possible risks. Such signs, for example, include those warning of biological threats, poisons, and combustible substances. An employee must be attentive to such signs, as they will protect him from negative consequences.
Fire Safety Signs inform about places where fire protection equipment is located: hydrants, fire extinguishers, cranes, alarm buttons. These
signs indicate a risk of fire, an open circuit, give information about the tel-
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ephone numbers of the rescue services, and the procedure for dealing with
a fire or an open circuit.
Mandatory Signs foresee mandatory actions in order to avoid danger,
that is, those that the employee is obliged to take in the process of work in
order to prevent a dangerous situation, violation of established safety
standards. These include, for example, those that oblige you to work in
helmets, face masks. Such signs are mandatory for all employees in a particular area.
Evacuation Signs, Medical and Sanitary Signs indicate where to go
in case of evacuation, where to look for salvation, first aid. In a state of
danger, it is not easy to navigate, and such signs carry a meaning that is
understandable at the level of intuition. The employees of the enterprise
are guided by them in the process of evacuation.
Information Signs inform, allow action. They help to give to employ-
ees information about the location of the organization’s services, service
entrances, exits, smoking areas, and other rooms.
3. Which other categories of safety signs do you now? Find the in-
formation and discuss it in pairs (exit signs, supplementary information signs, fire fighting equipment signs, etc.).
4. Match the signs with the descriptions given below. Name the
category.
– Wear goggles.
– Don’t smoke here.
– This way to the emergency exit.
– Wear ear protectors.
– Don’t eat here.
– Danger! High voltage!
– Fire exit.
– Wear boots.
– Wear respirator.
– Do not enter.
– Danger! Radiation.
– Danger! Overhead crane!
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