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Файл:Computers and Automation. Professional Vocabulary Building. Study Guide
.pdf
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Career prospects
Read the text and speak about your plans for the future
What do electrical engineers do at work?
Electrical engineering plays a critical role in industrial automation,
which involves the use of technology and machines to control and manage
industrial processes. Electrical engineers are responsible for designing, developing, and implementing the electrical systems and components that
make automation possible.
In industrial automation, electrical engineers may design and develop control systems, which are used to control and monitor industrial
processes. These systems may include programmable logic controllers
(PLCs), human-machine interfaces (HMIs), and supervisory control and data
acquisition (SCADA) systems. Electrical engineers may also work on developing the electrical systems that power and control machinery and
equipment. Electrical engineers work on designing, developing, and testing
electrical equipment and systems. They may work on a wide range of projects, from designing the electrical systems for large buildings to developing
new technologies for renewable energy sources. Some of the specific duties
that electrical engineers may perform at work include:
Designing electrical systems: electrical engineers may work on developing the electrical systems for buildings, power plants, or other facilities.
They may use computer software to create and test designs, and they may
work with other professionals, such as architects and construction workers,
to ensure that the systems are installed correctly.
Testing and analyzing systems: electrical engineers may test and analyze electrical equipment and systems to ensure that they are functioning
properly. They may use specialized tools and software to perform tests and
may write reports documenting their findings.
Developing new technologies: electrical engineers may work on developing new technologies, such as renewable energy sources or advanced
electrical systems for transportation. They may conduct research and development to create new products and may work with other engineers and
scientists to ensure that the products meet safety and quality standards.
Managing projects: electrical engineers may manage projects from
start to finish, working with other engineers and technicians to ensure that
projects are completed on time and within budget. They may also communicate with clients or customers to understand their needs and provide updates
on project progress.
Overall, electrical engineers use their technical knowledge and problem-solving skills to design, develop, and test electrical systems and
equipment to meet a variety of needs.
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U n i t 10. E N G I N E E R I N G C O N T R O L S Y S T E M S
https://blog.phoenixcontact.com/marketing-sea/wp-
content/uploads/sites/14/2017/05/Untitled-design-4.jpg
Study the glossary
• Engineering control systems: systems that use technology to con-
trol other systems or processes.
• Manufacturing: the process of producing goods and products on
a large scale.
• Transportation: the movement of goods, people, or materials from
one place to another.
• Energy management: the process of managing and optimizing
the use of energy in an organization or system.
• Water management: the process of managing and optimizing
the use of water in an organization or system.
• Control system: a system that uses technology to control other sys-
tems or processes.
• Flow of water: the movement of water through a system or process.
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• Assembly line: a production line where a product is assembled by
different workers in stages.
• Process control systems: engineering control systems used to con-
trol industrial processes.
• Discrete control systems: engineering control systems used to con-
trol discrete processes and events.
• Hybrid control systems: engineering control systems that combine
elements of both process control systems and discrete control systems.
• Efficiency: the ability to produce a desired outcome with the least
amount of effort, time, or waste.
• Reliability: the ability of a system or process to function consist-
ently and without failure.
• Safety: the condition of being protected from harm or danger.
• Technology: the application of scientific knowledge for practical
purposes, especially in industry.
Engineering control systems are systems that use technology to control other systems or processes. They are used in a wide range of applications,
from manufacturing and transportation, to energy and water management.
For example, an engineering control system might be used to control
the flow of water through a dam, making sure that the right amount of water
is released at the right time. Another example is a control system in a factory
that uses sensors and algorithms to control the speed and movement of machines on an assembly line.
Engineering control systems are important because they help
to make systems and processes more efficient, reliable, and safe. By using
technology to control these systems, we can automate many tasks that would
otherwise need to be done by hand, saving time and money, and reducing
the risk of human error.
There are many different types of engineering control systems, including process control systems, discrete control systems, and hybrid control
systems. Each type of control system requires a different set of skills and
knowledge, and engineers must choose the right type of control system based on
the needs of their organization and the specific requirements of their application.
In conclusion, engineering control systems are an essential component of modern technology and are used in a wide range of applications
to improve efficiency, reliability, and safety. Whether you’re interested in
designing control systems for factories, transportation systems, or energy
management, engineering control systems has something for you.
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Vocabulary exercise
Ex. 1. Answer the questions:
1. What are engineering control systems?
2. What are some examples of engineering control systems?
3. Why are engineering control systems important?
4. What are the different types of engineering control systems?
5. What skills and knowledge do engineers need to design engineer-
ing control systems?
6. How does engineering control systems help to make systems and
processes more efficient, reliable, and safe?
7. In what industries are engineering control systems commonly used?
8. What are some of the applications of engineering control systems
in the manufacturing industry?
9. How does using technology in control systems reduce the risk of
human error?
10. How do engineering control systems improve efficiency and re-
liability?
Ex. 2. Match the words with their definitions:
1. Engineering control systems
2. Technology
3. Manufacturing
4. Efficiency
5. Reliability
6. Safety
7. Automation
8. Tasks
9. Energy management
10. Human error
a) The state of being free from danger or injury
b) The use of scientific and technical
knowledge to design, build, and use
machines, computers, and other
equipment
c) The quality of being dependable
and performing consistently well
d) Systems that use technology to
control other systems or processes
e) The process of managing and optimizing the use of energy in an
organization or system
f) The quality of being able to be
used effectively and with little waste
of time and effort
g) The use of machines, computers,
or other equipment to do a task instead of doing it by hand
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h) Work that needs to be done
i) The process of producing goods
and products on a large scale
j) Mistakes made by people
Ex. 3. Fill in the blanks with the words from the text: applications,
systems, money, technology, efficiency, automate, control.
Engineering control systems are ________ that use technology
to control other systems or processes. They are used in a wide range
of ________, from manufacturing and transportation to energy and water
management.
By using technology to control these systems, we
can ________ many tasks that would otherwise need to be done by hand,
saving time and ________.
There are many different types of engineering ________ systems, including process control systems, discrete control systems, and hybrid control
systems. Engineering control systems are an essential component of modern
________ and are used to improve ________, reliability, and safety.
Ex. 4. Multiple choice: choose the correct word for each sentence:
1. Engineering control systems are used in
а) factories; b) schools; c) hospitals; d) all of the above.
2. What is the benefit of using engineering control systems?
a) save time; b) reduce the risk of human error; c) both a and b.
3. What type of control systems requires a different set of skills and
knowledge?
a) process control systems; b) discrete control systems; c) hybrid
control systems; d) all of the above.
Ex. 5. Read and roleplay the interview:
Person A: Can you explain what engineering control systems are?
Person B: Engineering control systems are systems that use technol-
ogy to control other systems or processes. They are used in a wide range of
applications, from manufacturing and transportation, to energy and water
management. For example, an engineering control system might be used to
control the flow of water through a dam, making sure that the right amount
of water is released at the right time. Another example is a control system in
a factory that uses sensors and algorithms to control the speed and movement
of machines on an assembly line.
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Person A: Why are engineering control systems important?
Person B: Engineering control systems are important because they
help to make systems and processes more efficient, reliable, and safe. By using technology to control these systems, we can automate many tasks that
would otherwise need to be done by hand, saving time and money, and reducing the risk of human error.
Person A: What are some types of engineering control systems?
Person B: There are many different types of engineering control sys-
tems, including process control systems, discrete control systems, and hybrid
control systems. Each type of control system requires a different set of skills and
knowledge, and engineers must choose the right type of control system based on
the needs of their organization and the specific requirements of their application.
Ex. 6. Translate from Russian into English:
Системы контроля и управления – это комплекс технических
решений, который позволяет автоматизировать управление процессами
и контролировать их выполнение. Они используются в различных областях, например в производственных процессах, транспорте,
энергетике, здравоохранении и других сферах.
Системы контроля и управления могут включать в себя различные
компоненты, такие как датчики, контроллеры, исполнительные механизмы, программное обеспечение, а также системы связи. Они могут быть
разработаны для автоматизации конкретных процессов или систем, таких
как производственные линии, системы отопления и вентиляции зданий,
системы безопасности, системы контроля доступа и другие.
Цель систем контроля и управления заключается в том, чтобы повысить эффективность и качество процессов, снизить затраты и риски,
связанные с управлением процессами, а также улучшить условия труда
и безопасность работников. Они позволяют автоматизировать рутинные
задачи, уменьшить вероятность человеческой ошибки, а также сократить
время на выполнение задач и повысить скорость реакции на изменения
в процессах.
Ex. 7. Put the words into a correct order:
1. engineering are control systems to industrial used control processes.
2. engineering help systems to make and processes more systems ef-
ficient control.
3. modern are technologies used in range of applications a wide.
4. systems are there many types different of control engineering.
5. at the plant engineering systems control can many automate tasks.
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6. special are tools used the to control operation and of machines
equipment.
7. provide engineers technical and support training and users to clients.
8. an engineering system control might to be used control of the flow
through a dam water.
9. at a factory used sensors and algorithms are the speed to control
and movement on an of machines assembly line.
10. each of control type system different requires a set and
knowledge of skills.
Ex. 8. Read the tex below and answer the following questions:
1. What do specialists in engineering control systems do?
2. In which industries do specialists in engineering control systems
work?
3. What are the duties of specialists in engineering control systems?
4. How do specialists in engineering control systems ensure that their
control systems meet design specifications and client needs?
5. What are the troubleshooting and debugging duties of specialists
in engineering control systems?
6. What is the role of specialists in engineering control systems in
providing technical support and training to clients and end-users?
7. How do specialists in engineering control systems stay up-to-date
on the latest technologies and best practices?
8. What is the overall role of specialists in engineering control sys-
tems in optimizing operations and maximizing efficiency in industries?
Career prospects
Read the text and speak about your plans for the future
What do specialists in engineering control systems do at work?
Specialists in engineering control systems design, develop, and
implement control systems that regulate and control the operation of machines and equipment in a wide range of industries, from manufacturing
to energy production.
Their duties may include:
Analyzing system requirements and specifications to develop control system solutions that meet the needs of their clients.
Designing and developing control system hardware and software using a variety of tools and techniques.
Integrating and testing control systems to ensure that they meet design specifications and perform according to the client’s needs.
Troubleshooting and debugging control systems when they encounter problems or errors.
Providing technical support and training to clients and end-users on
how to operate and maintain control systems.
Staying up-to-date on the latest technologies, industry trends, and
best practices in control systems engineering to ensure that they are using
the most efficient and effective methods in their work.
Overall, specialists in engineering control systems play a critical role
in helping industries optimize their operations and maximize their efficiency
by ensuring that their machines and equipment operate as intended.
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S U P P L E M E N T A R Y R E A D I N G
Robotics
Robotics is a rapidly advancing field that involves the design, development, and use of robots. A robot can be defined as a machine that is
capable of carrying out tasks autonomously or semi-autonomously, often
with the ability to sense and interact with its environment.
Robots can be found in a wide range of industries, from manufacturing to healthcare to space exploration. They are used to perform tasks that are
too dangerous, difficult, or repetitive for humans to undertake, or to improve
efficiency and accuracy in various processes.
In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the development of autonomous robots that can operate without human intervention.
These robots use sensors, artificial intelligence, and machine learning algorithms to perceive their environment and make decisions on how to act.
One of the most exciting areas of robotics research is the development of humanoid robots, which are designed to mimic the physical
appearance and behavior of humans. These robots can be used in a variety of
applications, such as customer service, entertainment, and education.
Despite the many advantages of robots, there are also concerns about
their impact on society. Some worry that robots will take over jobs that are
currently performed by humans, leading to widespread unemployment. Others are concerned about the potential misuse of autonomous robots,
particularly in military applications.
As the field of robotics continues to evolve, it is important to consider both the benefits and risks associated with these advanced machines.
By doing so, we can work to create a future in which robots are used to enhance human productivity and quality of life, rather than replace it.
1. How can a robot be defined?
2. What modern technologies do robots use?
3. Where can robots be used?
4. What are the major worries about robots’ impact on society?
5. What is it important to consider as the field of robotics continues
to evolve?
Answer the following questions
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Artificial Intelligence
Artificial intelligence (AI) is an interdisciplinary field of study focused on the development of intelligent machines that can learn, reason, and
act autonomously. It combines computer science, mathematics, engineering,
psychology, and philosophy to create algorithms and systems that can simulate human intelligence.
AI is used in a wide range of applications, including speech recognition, natural language processing, image and video analysis,
recommendation systems, autonomous vehicles, and robotics. One of
the most important applications of AI is in the field of machine learning,
which involves the development of algorithms that can learn from data and
make predictions or decisions based on that learning.
Deep learning, a subset of machine learning, has been particularly
successful in recent years, achieving breakthroughs in image and speech
recognition, natural language processing, and game playing. Deep learning
algorithms use artificial neural networks, which are inspired by the structure
and function of the human brain, to learn from large datasets and make predictions or decisions.
Despite the many benefits of AI, there are also concerns about its
impact on society. Some worry that AI will take over jobs that are currently
performed by humans, leading to widespread unemployment. Others are concerned about the potential misuse of AI, particularly in military applications.
Another area of concern is the so-called “black box” problem, where
AI algorithms make decisions based on complex computations that are difficult to interpret or understand. This lack of transparency raises questions
about accountability and responsibility, particularly in applications such as
healthcare and law enforcement.
As the field of AI continues to evolve, it is important to address these
concerns and ensure that the benefits of AI are shared fairly and responsibly.
This will require collaboration between researchers, policymakers, and
the public to ensure that AI is developed and deployed in ways that enhance
human well-being and uphold ethical standards.
Answer the following questions
1. What is Artificial intelligence (AI)?
2. What are the most important applications of AI?
3. Why has deep learning been particularly successful in recent years?
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