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Файл:Computers and Automation. Professional Vocabulary Building. Study Guide
.pdf
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Information technologies (IT) refer to the tools and systems that people use to store, process, and communicate information. These technologies
have revolutionized the way we live and work, and they play a vital role in
many aspects of our daily lives.
IT includes hardware, such as a case, a monitor, a keyboard, a motherboard, a graphics card, and servers, as well as software, such as operating
systems, applications, and databases. It also includes networks, such as
the internet, that allow people to communicate and share information with
each other.
One of the most important benefits of IT is that it has made it possible for people to access and share information quickly and easily, regardless
of where they are located. This has greatly improved communication and
collaboration, and has allowed for the creation of new products and services
that were previously not possible.
IT have also had a major impact on the way we work. IT have made
it possible for people to work from anywhere, at any time, and have greatly
increased efficiency and productivity. For example, employees can access
work files from home, make updates, and share them with coworkers without
having to be physically present in the same location.
In short, information technologies have had a profound impact on
our world, and they continue to evolve and shape the way we live and work.
Vocabulary exercises
Ex. 1. Answer the questions:
1. What does IT stand for?
2. What does IT include?
3. What is one of the most important benefits of IT?
4. How have IT improved communication and collaboration?
5. What impact have IT had on the way we work?
6. How have IT increased efficiency and productivity in the workplace?
7. How has the evolution of information technologies shaped the way
we live and work?
Ex. 2. Choose the correct definition for the following words:
1. Tools:
a) objects used to perform a task;
b) objects used for decoration;
c) objects used for entertainment.
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2. Systems:
a) set of things working together as parts of a mechanical or elec-
trical device;
b) group of people working together;
c) a collection of books.
3. Store:
a) to keep;
b) to throw away;
c) to give away.
4. Communicate:
a) to express or exchange ideas;
b) to ignore;
c) to hide.
5. Vital:
a) important;
b) unimportant;
c) unnecessary.
6. Smartphones:
a) phones with computer-like abilities;
b) phones with limited abilities;
c) phones with no abilities.
7. Applications:
a) programs used for specific purposes;
b) programs used for general purposes;
c) programs not used for any purposes.
8. Databases:
a) collections of information;
b) collections of toys;
c) collections of artwork.
Ex. 3. Choose the correct definition for each term:
1. Information technologies:
a) the study of how to store, process, and communicate infor-
mation;
b) the tools and systems used to store, process, and communicate
information.
2. Hardware:
a) the physical components of a computer or device;
b) the software that runs on a computer or device.
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3. Software:
a) the physical components of a computer or device;
b) the programs that run on a computer or device.
4. Operating systems:
a) programs that control the basic operations of a computer or device;
b) applications that are used for specific tasks.
5. Applications:
a) programs that control the basic operations of a computer or device:
b) programs that are used for specific tasks.
6. Databases:
a) programs used for storing and organizing information;
b) programs used for communicating with others.
7. Networks:
a) systems that allow people to communicate and share infor-
mation;
b) programs used for storing and organizing information.
Ex. 4. Fill in the blank with the appropriate word or phrase: devices,
internet, efficiency.
Information technologies include ways of accessing information
through the Internet and electronic __________, such as computers,
smartphones, and servers. The __________ allows people to access and
share information quickly and easily. The impact of information technologies on the way we work has greatly increased our__________
and productivity.
Ex. 5. Match the term with the correct description:
1. Hardware
a) Programs that control the basic operations
of a computer or device
2. Software
b) Programs that run on a computer or device
3. Operating systems
c) Programs used for specific tasks
4. Applications
d) Programs used for storing and organizing
information
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5. Databases
e) Systems that allow people to communicate and share information
6. Networks
f) Operating systems
Ex. 6. Translate from Russian into English:
Информационные технологии – это область знаний, связанных
с использованием компьютерных технологий для сбора, обработки,
хранения, передачи и защиты информации. ИТ включают в себя программное обеспечение, аппаратное обеспечение, сети и системы,
которые используются для обработки информации. Информационные
технологии широко используются во многих отраслях, включая бизнес,
здравоохранение, образование, науку, инженерию и развлечения.
Ex. 7. Read the text below and answer the questions:
1. What are some common responsibilities of IT specialists in
the workplace?
2. What are some examples of software applications and computer
systems that IT specialists may develop?
3. What is the role of IT specialists in managing network infrastructure?
4. What does providing technical support involve for IT specialists?
5. Why is data security an important responsibility for IT specialists?
6. How do IT specialists stay current with the latest trends and tech-
nologies in their field?
7. What is the overall goal of IT specialists in their work?
8. Would you like to start a career in IT?
9. What does a student need to study in order to become a special-
ist in IT?
10. What benefits of a career in IT do you see?
Career prospects
Read the text and speak about your plans for the future
What do the specialists in IT do at work?
Specialists in Information Technologies, commonly referred to as IT
specialists, have a broad range of responsibilities depending on their specific
job titles and roles. Some common duties that IT specialists may perform at
work include:
• Developing and implementing software applications and computer
systems: IT specialists may design and develop software programs and systems that help businesses or organizations to function more effectively.
• Troubleshooting and maintaining computer systems: IT specialists
may be responsible for troubleshooting and resolving computer system issues, including hardware and software problems.
• Managing network infrastructure: IT specialists may manage and
maintain computer networks, including servers, routers, switches, and other
network devices.
• Providing technical support: IT specialists may be responsible for
providing technical support and assistance to end-users, including training,
troubleshooting, and problem resolution.
• Ensuring data security: IT specialists may be responsible for implementing and managing security measures to protect computer systems and
data from unauthorized access, theft, or other security breaches.
• Conducting research and staying up-to-date with emerging technologies: IT specialists must stay current with the latest trends and
technologies in their field, often through conducting research and attending
conferences and other professional development opportunities.
Overall, the duties of IT specialists can vary widely depending on
the specific job and organization they work for, but they are typically focused
on using technology to help businesses and organizations operate more efficiently and effectively.
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U n i t 6 . I N D U S T R I A L A U T O M A T I O N
https://sun9-86.userapi.com/impg/nUDVKuZpMXE08KgNm7_edQF1w-
JadkNTB3UgsA/jYPejOwhvII.jpg?size=1280x853&quality=96&sign=924f
0685368fc06bc9fecd0cf62e6ead&type=album
Study the glossary
• Industrial automation: the use of machines and computers to per-
form tasks in a factory or industrial setting without human intervention.
• Increase production and efficiency: making production faster and
more effective.
• Reduce costs: lowering the amount of money spent on production.
• Improve quality: making the products better and more reliable.
• Car factory: a place where cars are made.
• Robots: machines that are programmed to perform tasks.
• Monitor and control: observing and managing the production process.
• Human intervention: the involvement of people in a process.
• Strict safety procedures: detailed and specific steps to ensure
the safety of workers and equipment.
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• Detect and fix problems: identifying and correcting issues before
they become serious.
• Computer numerical control (CNC) machines: machines that use
computer programming to control their actions.
• Programmable logic controllers (PLCs): computer systems that
control and monitor industrial processes.
• Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems: com-
puter systems that monitor and control industrial processes over.
Industrial automation is when machines and computers do tasks in
a factory or an industrial setting without the need for human intervention.
It helps companies increase production and efficiency, reduce costs, and improve the quality of their products.
For example, in a car factory, robots can be programmed to assemble
parts and paint cars, while computer systems can monitor and control the entire production process. This means that humans don’t have to do these tasks,
allowing them to focus on other areas of the business.
Industrial automation also makes the production process safer and
less prone to errors. For instance, machines can be programmed to follow
strict safety procedures, and computer systems can detect and fix problems
before they become serious.
There are many different types of industrial automation, including
computer numerical control (CNC) machines, robots, programmable logic
controllers (PLCs), and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA)
systems. Each of these technologies has its own strengths and weaknesses,
and companies must carefully choose the right tools for their needs.
In conclusion, industrial automation is an important tool for companies that want to improve their production processes, reduce costs, and
increase efficiency. By using machines and computers to do tasks that were
once done by humans, companies can improve the quality of their products,
increase safety, and focus on other areas of the business.
Vocabulary exercises
Ex. 1. Answer the following questions:
1. What is industrial automation?
2. How does industrial automation help companies?
3. Can you give an example of industrial automation in a car factory?
4. How does industrial automation make the production process safer?
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5. What are some of the different types of industrial automation?
6. What should companies consider when choosing the right indus-
trial automation tools?
7. Why is industrial automation important for companies?
8. How does industrial automation improve the quality of products?
9. What are some of the benefits of using machines and computers
to do tasks in an industrial setting?
10. In what ways has industrial automation transformed the way
companies work?
Ex. 2. Match the words to their definitions:
1. Efficiency
a) The use of computers and machines to carry out tasks in
a factory or industrial setting without human intervention
2. Industrial automation
b) Machines programmed to perform specific tasks in a factory
3. Computer systems
c) The degree of excellence of
a product or service
4. Production process
d) Measures taken to ensure
the safety of workers in a factory
5. Safety procedures
e) The process of creating and
producing goods in a factory
6. Quality
f) Devices used to monitor and
control the entire production process
7. Robots
g) The ability to produce something with a minimum amount of
waste, time, or effort
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Ex. 3. Fill in the blanks with the following words: assemble, process,
robots, procedures, problems, reduce, safer.
Industrial automation refers to the use of ________ and computers
to perform tasks in a factory without the need for human intervention.
This helps companies increase their production and efficiency and ________
costs. For example, robots can be programmed to ________ parts and paint
cars, while computer systems can monitor and control the entire production
________. This means that people don’t have to do these tasks, allowing
them to focus on other areas of the business and manufacturing. Industrial
automation also makes the production process ________. Machines can be
programmed to follow strict ________, and computer systems can detect and
fix ________ before they become serious.
Ex. 4. Find the words related to industrial automation in the puzzle:
I N D U S T R I A L A U T O M A T I O N R O B O T S P L C S C N C S
C A D A E F F I C I E N C Y C O S T S P R O D U C T I O N P R O C E
S S S A F E T Y M O N I T O R C O N T R O L
Ex. 5. Translate from Russian into English:
Автоматизация – это процесс применения технологий и систем,
которые позволяют заменить или упростить работу, выполняемую человеком, на работу, которую выполняет машина или программа.
Автоматизация используется во многих областях, включая производство, транспорт, банковское дело, медицину и т. д. Она помогает
улучшить производительность, повысить качество, снизить затраты
и риск ошибок. В общем, автоматизация – это использование технологий
для автоматического выполнения повторяющихся задач и процессов, что
позволяет человеку сосредоточиться на более важных задачах.
Ex. 6. Read, translate and roleplay the dialogue:
Person 1: Hello, how are you? I haven’t seen you for ages. Where
do you study?
Person 2: Hi, I’m fine, and you? I study at KNRTU. I’m doing my
Bachelor’s degree course to become an engineer in automation. Have you
heard about industrial automation?
Person 1: No, I haven’t. What is it?
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Person 2: It’s when machines and computers do tasks in a factory or
an industrial setting without the need for human intervention. It helps companies increase production and efficiency, reduce costs, and improve
the quality of their products.
Person 1: That sounds interesting. Can you give me an example of
how it works?
Person 2: Sure, in a car factory, robots can be programmed to assemble parts and paint cars, while computer systems can monitor and control
the entire production process. This means that humans don’t have to do
these tasks, allowing them to focus on other areas of the business.
Person 1: That’s really cool. I guess, human errors can be signifi-
cantly reduced. Does it make the production process safer?
Person 2: Yes, industrial automation makes the production process
safer and less prone to errors. For instance, machines can be programmed to
follow strict safety procedures, and computer systems can detect and fix
problems before they become serious.
Person 1: Wow, I had no idea. What types of technologies are used
for industrial automation?
Person 2: There are many different types, including computer numerical control (CNC) machines, robots, programmable logic controllers
(PLCs), and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems.
Each of these technologies has its own strengths and weaknesses, and companies must carefully choose the right tools for their needs.
Person 1: Thanks for explaining that. It sounds like industrial automation is an important tool for companies that want to improve their
production processes.
Person 2: Yes, that’s right. By using machines and computers to do
tasks that were once done by humans, companies can improve the quality of
their products, increase safety, and focus on other areas of the business.
Person 1: I hope you’ll have a successful career. You are totally into
your studies. Good luck!
Career prospects
Read the text and speak about your plans for the future
What are the duties of an automation engineer?
An automation engineer is responsible for designing, developing,
testing, and maintaining automated systems and machinery. Their duties may
include:
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