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Файл:Теория информации. Лабораторный практикум в MATLAB. Учебное пособие
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Ⱦɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ
ɝɞɟ
ɧɚɹ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɚ
pa a
ɢ
a
i
±ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɫɢɦɜɨɥɚ
pa
i
± ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɚɹ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɜɨɣɤɢ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ
ij
ɗɧɬɪɨɩɢɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ
a
j
a
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pa a
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ɩɨɫɥɟ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɚ
a
j
ji
±ɭɫɥɨɜ
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ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ
mm
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mm
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ɗɧɬɪɨɩɢɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ
ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɹɸɬɧɟɪɚɜɟɧɫɬɜɚɦ
HA HA HA H A
!!!!
L
ɢɡɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɱɬɨɩɨɦɟɪɟ ɪɨɫɬɚ ©ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɢª ɩɚɦɹɬɢ
ɦɟɠɞɭɫɢɦɜɨɥɚɦɢɷɧɬɪɨɩɢɹɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ
ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɰɟɧɢ
ɜɚɸɬɫɹɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɢ
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɫɷɧɬɪɨɩɢɟɣ
HA
ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɤɚɤɚɹ ɞɨɥɹ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɨɛɴɟɦɚɚɥɮɚɜɢɬɚmɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢɧɟɜɵɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦɢ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ
F
Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ Ȥ ɥɟɠɢɬ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ
HA HA
ORJ
HA m
dFd
ɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɛɟɡɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɣɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɣ
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɫ ɷɧɬɪɨɩɢɟɣ
HA
ɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɪɟɞɧɟɟɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɟɦɨɟɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ
ɜɟɞɢɧɢɰɭɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɢɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹɩɨɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ
c
IA HA VHA
W
W
±ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɨɞɧɨɝɨɫɢɦɜɨɥɚ
ɝɞɟ
ɨɩɪɟ
Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ʋ 3
V
W
±ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ
W
ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ
ɧɵɦɢɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ
ɨɠɢɞɚɧɢɹ
ȿɫɥɢɫɢɦɜɨɥɵɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɵɢɜ
ȿɫɥɢɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɜɫɟɯɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɢɪɚɜɧɵIJɬɨɜɫɨ
ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫ
ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ
ɥɨɜɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜɩɟɪɟɞɚɟɬɫɹɜɟɞɢɧɢɰɭɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɢɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹɬɚɤɠɟ
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢɢɥɢɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɢɦɚ
ɧɢɩɭɥɹɰɢɢɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɢ
ɷɬɨɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɩɪɢɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɡɚ ɨɞɧɭɫɟɤɭɧɞɭɩɟɪɟɞɚɟɬɫɹɨɞɢɧɫɢɦ
ɜɨɥɉɪɢɷɬɨɦɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨɱɬɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
ɫɹɜɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚɯɛɢɬɜɫɟɤɭɧɞɭ
Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɟȼɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɫ
ɚɥɮɚɜɢɬɨɦ A ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ
ȼɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɶ ɷɧɬɪɨɩɢɸ ɢ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢ
pa
ɤɚɫɪɟɞɧɸɸɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɫɢɦɜɨɥɚɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɢɢɩɪɨɢɡ
ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɟɫɥɢ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ
W
W
%Script_3_1
%Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɛɟɡ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ
clear all; close all; clc
%Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɚɧɨɧɢɦɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ
%---------------------------
ɞɥɹɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɯɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜɫɪɚɡɥɢɱ
ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹɩɨɮɨɪɦɭɥɟɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
W
i
m
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i
pa
ii
pam
i
V
ɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɬɫɹɜɛɨɞɚɯ Ȼɨɞ ±
ɬɨ
c
IA
W W
W
IJ
V
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɤɚɤɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɵɯɫɢɦɜɨ
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ
pa
ɦɢɥɥɢɫɟɤɭɧɞ
W
pa
m
W W
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m
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ɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɬ
pa
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Ⱦɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ
fun=@(x) -x.*log2(x+(x==0));
%--------------------------%Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ
p=[.5 .25 .125 .125];
disp('ȼɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ:')
disp(p)
%ɋɭɦɦɚ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ
s=sum(p);
disp('ɋɭɦɦɚ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ:')
disp(s)
%Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɚɥɮɚɜɢɬɚ
m=length(p);
disp('Ɉɛɴɟɦ ɚɥɮɚɜɢɬɚ:')
disp(m)
%Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɷɧɬɪɨɩɢɢ
H=sum(fun(p));
disp('ɗɧɬɪɨɩɢɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ, ɛɢɬ/ɫɢɦɜɨɥ:')
disp(H)
%Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɧɬɪɨɩɢɢ
H0=log2(m);
disp('Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɷɧɬɪɨɩɢɹ, ɛɢɬ/ɫɢɦɜɨɥ:')
disp(H0)
%Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ
x=1-H/H0;
disp('Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ:')
disp(x)
%Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ
Ti=[.1 .2 .3 .4]*10^(-3);
disp('Ⱦɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
disp(Ti)
%Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ, ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɢ
%ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
T=sum(Ti.*p);
disp('ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ, ɫ:')
disp(T)
V=1/T;
disp('ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɢ, Ȼɨɞ:')
disp(V)
I=V*H;
disp('ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɛɢɬ/c:')
disp(I)
ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ,
ɫ:')
Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ʋ 3
ɁɚɞɚɧɢɟȾɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɫ ɩɚɦɹɬɶɸɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ
ɡɚɞɚɧɦɚɬɪɢɰɟɣɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɵɯɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɟɣɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ
pa a pa a pa a
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pa a pa a pa a
©¹
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Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶɷɧɬɪɨɩɢɸɢ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɩɪɨɢɡɜɨ
ɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɟɫɥɢ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵ
ɢɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬIJ ɦɤɫ
%Script_3_2
%Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɫ ɩɚɦɹɬɶɸ
1-ɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ
%ɩɪɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɟ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ Ɋ
clear all; close all; clc
%Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɚɧɨɧɢɦɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ
%--------------------------fun=@(x) -x.*log2(x+(x==0));
%--------------------------%Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɵ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ
P=[.04 .08 0.08;.1 .4 0;0.06 0.02 .22];
disp('Ɇɚɬɪɢɰɚ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ P:')
disp(P)
%Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɫɭɦɦɵ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɵ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ
s=sum(sum(P));
disp('Cɭɦɦɚ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ:')
disp(s)
%Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɚɥɮɚɜɢɬɚ
[m, n]=size(P);
disp('Ɉɛɴɟɦ ɚɥɮɚɜɢɬɚ:')
disp(m)
%ɉɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɪɚɜɟɧɫɬɜɚ m = n
if m~=n
disp('Ɇɚɬɪɢɰɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɧɨɣ!')
end
%Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ
p=sum(P,2);
disp('ȼɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ ɚɥɮɚɜɢɬɚ:')
disp(p)
%Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɵ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɉ
Ⱦɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ
PI=bsxfun(@rdivide,P,p(:));
disp('Ɇɚɬɪɢɰɚ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɉ:')
disp(PI)
%Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɷɧɬɪɨɩɢɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ
H=sum(p.*sum(fun(PI),2));
disp('ɗɧɬɪɨɩɢɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ, ɛɢɬ/ɫɢɦɜɨɥ:')
disp(H)
%Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ
x=1-H/log2(m);
disp('Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ:')
disp(x)
%Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ, ɫ
T=800*10^(-6);
%Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ
I=H/T;
disp('ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɛɢɬ/c:')
disp(I)
ɁɚɞɚɧɢɟȾɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɫ ɩɚɦɹɬɶɸɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ
ɡɚɞɚɧɦɚɬɪɢɰɟɣɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɵɯɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɟɣɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ
§·
¨¸
3
¨¸
¨¸
©¹
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶɷɧɬɪɨɩɢɸɢɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɩɪɨɢɡɜɨ
ɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɟɫɥɢ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ
ɦɫ
W
ɦɫ
W
ɦɫ
W
ɍɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶScript_3_1 Script_3_2
ɁɚɞɚɧɢɟȾɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɫ ɩɚɦɹɬɶɸɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ
ɡɚɞɚɧɦɚɬɪɢɰɟɣɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɵɯɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɟɣɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ
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3
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Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶɷɧɬɪɨɩɢɸɢ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɩɪɨɢɡɜɨ
ɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɟɫɥɢ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ
ɦɫ
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W
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W
Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ʋ 3
ɍɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶScript_3_1 Script_3_2
ɁɚɞɚɧɢɟȾɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɫ ɩɚɦɹɬɶɸɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ
ɡɚɞɚɧɦɚɬɪɢɰɟɣɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɯɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɟɣɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ
_ _ _
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ȼɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɶ ɷɧɬɪɨɩɢɸ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɟɫɥɢɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜɪɚɜɧɵ
ɚ ɢɯ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ
pa
W
pa
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W
pa
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%Script_3_5
%Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɫ ɩɚɦɹɬɶɸ
1-ɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ
%ɩɪɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɉ
%ɢ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɟ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ
clear all; close all; clc
%Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɚɧɨɧɢɦɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ
%--------------------------fun=@(x) -x.*log2(x+(x==0));
%--------------------------%Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɵ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ
PI=[0 .4 .6;.4 0 .6;.075 .075 .85];
disp('Ɇɚɬɪɢɰɚ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɉ:')
disp(PI)
%Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ
p=[.1; .1; .8];
disp('ȼɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ:')
disp(p)
%Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɚɥɮɚɜɢɬɚ
[m, n]=size(PI);
disp('Ɉɛɴɟɦ ɚɥɮɚɜɢɬɚ:')
disp(m)
%ɉɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ
if m~=n
disp('Ɇɚɬɪɢɰɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɧɨɣ!')
end
%Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɷɧɬɪɨɩɢɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ
ɪɚɜɟɧɫɬɜɚ m = n
Ⱦɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ
H=sum(p.*sum(fun(PI),2));
disp('ɗɧɬɪɨɩɢɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ, ɛɢɬ/ɫɢɦɜɨɥ:')
disp(H)
%Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ
x=1-H/log2(m);
disp('Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ:')
disp(x)
%Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ
Ti=[.4; .4; .1]*10^(-3);
disp('Ⱦɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ, ɫ:')
disp(Ti)
%Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ, ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɢ
%ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
T=sum(Ti.*p);
disp('ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ, ɫ:')
disp(T)
V=1/T;
disp('ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɢ, Ȼɨɞ:')
disp(V)
I=V*H;
disp('ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɛɢɬ/c:')
disp(I)
ɁɚɞɚɧɢɟȾɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɫ ɩɚɦɹɬɶɸɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ
ɡɚɞɚɧɦɚɬɪɢɰɟɣɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɯɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɟɣɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ
§·
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Ȇ
¨¸
¨¸
©¹
Ɋɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɷɧɬɪɨɩɢɸ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɟɫɥɢɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜɪɚɜɧɵ
ɚɢɯɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ
pa
W
pa
W
pa
ɦɫ
W
ɦɫ
ɍɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶScript_3_5
ɁɚɞɚɧɢɟɊɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɷɧɬɪɨɩɢɸ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡ
ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɫ ɩɚɦɹɬɶɸ ɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ
ɟɫɥɢɦɚɬɪɢɰɚɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɯɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɟɣɢɦɟɟɬɜɢɞ
Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ʋ 3
§·
¨¸
Ȇ
¨¸
¨¸
©¹
ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ
ɚɢɯɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɪɚɜɧɵ
W
pa
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W
W
pa
ɦɫ
pa
ɍɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶScript_3_5
Ɉɬɱɟɬɢɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ
Ɉɬɱɟɬɩɨɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣɪɚɛɨɬɟɨɮɨɪɦɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɜɢɞɟɞɨɤɭɦɟɧ
ɬɚ06:RUGɢɞɨɥɠɟɧɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ
ɇɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɲɪɢɮɬ 7LPHV 1HZ
5RPDQ
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹɜɫɟɯɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯɡɚɞɚɧɢɣɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ
ɥɢɫɬɢɧɝɢ Pɮɚɣɥɨɜ ɤɨɩɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɢɡ ɨɤɧɚ (GLWRU ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɯ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɩɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɢɡ ɨɤɧɚ &RPPDQG :LQGRZ ɲɪɢɮɬ
&RXULHU1HZɚɬɚɤɠɟɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟɝɪɚɮɢɤɢ ɤɨɩɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɢɡ ɨɤɧɚ
)LJXUHɩɨɤɨɦɚɧɞɟ(GLW_&RS\)LJXUH
Ɂɚɳɢɬɚ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɟɞ
ɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨɨɬɱɟɬɚɢɨɬɜɟɬɨɜɧɚɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɢɡ ɫɥɟɞɭ
ɸɳɟɝɨɫɩɢɫɤɚ
Ɂɚɩɢɲɢɬɟɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɞɥɹɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɣɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢɩɨɫɥɟ
ɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɡ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦɫɚɥɮɚɜɢɬɨɦ
L
ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ ɜɵɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɦ
Aaa a
^`
ɧɚkɦɲɚɝɟ
m
ɑɬɨɬɚɤɨɟɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɣɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɵɣɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ"
Ⱦɚɣɬɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɝɨɷɪɝɨɞɢɱɟ
ɫɤɨɝɨɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ
ɑɬɨɬɚɤɨɟɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɣɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɫɩɚɦɹɬɶɸLɝɨɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ"
Ɂɚɩɢɲɢɬɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɷɧɬɪɨɩɢɢ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɷɪɝɨ
ɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɫɩɚɦɹɬɶɸLɝɨɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ
Ɂɚɩɢɲɢɬɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɷɧɬɪɨɩɢɢ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɷɪɝɨ
ɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɛɟɡɩɚɦɹɬɢ
Ɂɚɩɢɲɢɬɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɷɧɬɪɨɩɢɢ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɷɪɝɨ
ɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɫɩɚɦɹɬɶɸɝɨɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ
ɑɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɢɫ
ɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ"ȼɤɚɤɢɯɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯɨɧɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ"
Ⱦɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ
Ⱦɚɣɬɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɢɫ
ɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ
ɑɬɨɬɚɤɨɟɫɪɟɞɧɹɹɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ"ȼɤɚɤɢɯ
ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɯɨɧɚɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɬɫɹ"
Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɚɹɪɚɛɨɬɚʋ
·
p
m
p
·
p
m
p
¸
¸
¸¸¸
¸
¹
mm
Ⱦɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ Ɇɚɪɤɨɜɚɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ
ɐɟɥɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɂɡɭɱɢɬɶ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱ
ɧɢɤɨɜ Ɇɚɪɤɨɜɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɨɜɥɚɞɟɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɦɢ ɫɪɟɞ
ɫɬɜɚɦɢɢɯɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɜ0$7/$%
Ɍɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɫ ɩɚ
ɦɹɬɶɸ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬ ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɞɢɫ
ɤɪɟɬɧɵɯɰɟɩɟɣɆɚɪɤɨɜɚɢɩɨɷɬɨɦɭɨɧɢɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɦɢ
ɦɚɪɤɨɜɫɤɢɦɢɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦɢɢɥɢɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦɢɆɚɪɤɨɜɚ
Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɯɦɚɪɤɨɜɫɤɢɯɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɬɨɱɬɨɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɫɬɢɷɬɢɯɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜɟɳɟ
ɧɟɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɭɫɥɨɜɢɟɢɯɷɪɝɨɞɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟɷɪɝɨɞɢɱɧɨɫɬɢɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ
ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɝɨɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ Ɇɚɪɤɨɜɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɹɞɤɚɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɦɨ
ɝɨɩɪɨɫɬɨɣɦɚɪɤɨɜɫɤɨɣɰɟɩɶɸ
ɗɬɨɬ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɟɧ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ A ɫ ɞɢɫ
ɤɪɟɬɧɵɦɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɦɢ
aa a
ɦɚɬɶ ɫ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ
«
kk
ppa
mm
ɜɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɲɚɝɨɜ ɫɧɨɦɟɪɚɦɢ
«k«ɢɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɦɢɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɹɦɢɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɜ
ɢɡ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ
ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ
a
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ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɧɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɧɢ
m
kk
ppa
ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ
a
j
kk
ppa
ppaa
_
ji j i
ɜɟɤɬɨɪɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɟɣɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣɫɢɫɬɟɦɵɧɚkɦɲɚɝɟɢɦɟɟɬɜɢɞ
kk k
pp p S
km
ɚɦɚɬɪɢɰɚɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɟɣɪɚɜɧɚ
pp p
§·
¨¸
pp p
¨¸
Ȇ
m
m
¨¸
¨¸
pp p
mm mm
©¹
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