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Файл:Текст как средство интерактивного общения. Учебное пособие
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Министерство цифрового развития, связи и массовых коммуникаций
Российской Федерации
Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение
высшего образования
«Сибирский государственный университет телекоммуникаций и информатики»
(СибГУТИ)
Ю. В. Панова
ТЕКСТ КАК СРЕДСТВО ИНТЕРАКТИВНОГО ОБЩЕНИЯ
Учебное пособие
Новосибирск
2023
УДК 811.111(075.8)
Утверждено редакционно-издательским советом СибГУТИ
Рецензенты:
к.ф.н., доцент кафедры философии и истории СибГУТИ Е.В. Решетникова;
ст. преп. кафедры романо-германских языков ФИЯ НГПУ Е.С. Жунёва
Панова, Ю. В. Текст как средство интерактивного общения : учебное
пособие / Ю. В. Панова ; Сибирский государственный университет
телекоммуникаций и информатики, кафедра иностранных и русского языков. –
Новосибирск, 2023. – 82 с.
Пособие представляет собой сборник текстов и заданий к ним,
составленных на основе разнообразного научно-технического аутентичного
материала. В каждом разделе представлен текст, упражнения на понимание
содержания текста, лексические и грамматические задания, а также письменная
или дискуссионная часть.
В задачи сборника входят подготовка студентов к чтению специальной
научно-технической литературы, обучение грамотному переводу и извлечению
необходимой информации из текста для формирования способностей к
коммуникации в устной и письменной формах на русском и иностранных
языках для решения задач межличностного и межкультурного взаимодействия.
Рекомендуется для аудиторной и самостоятельной работы студентов
старших курсов и магистратуры.
© Панова Ю.В., 2023
© Сибирский государственный университет
телекоммуникаций и информатики, 2023
2
Предисловие
Учебное пособие предназначено для студентов II-V курсов технического
направления, а также для студентов магистратуры. Целью пособия является
развитие навыков чтения, перевода, реферирования и аннотирования научнопопулярных статей. Пособие состоит из 10 разделов. Каждый раздел состоит из
аутентичного текста, после которого представлены задания в области
понимания содержания текста, лексические и грамматические задания.
Некоторые разделы содержат задания на письмо, среди которых составление
аннотаций, отчетов, написание эссе. В остальных разделах в качестве
дополнительных заданий представлены темы и клише для ведения дискуссий и
case-study. В состав пособия входит грамматический материал в виде
приложений. Тексты для чтения были взяты из интернет-источников,
преимущественно из научно-популярных журналов Spectrum и Sciencedaily.
3
Содержание
Предисловие…………………………………………………………………
3
Unit 1…………………………………………………………………………
5
Unit 2…………………………………………………………………………
10
Unit 3…………………………………………………………………………
16
Unit 4…………………………………………………………………………
22
Unit 5…………………………………………………………………………
27
Unit 6…………………………………………………………………………
33
Unit 7…………………………………………………………………………
40
Unit 8…………………………………………………………………………
47
Unit 9…………………………………………………………………………
53
Unit 10………………………………………………………………………..
62
Список литературы………………………………………………………….
70
Заключение…………………………………………………………………..
72
Приложение 1……………………………………………………………….
73
Приложение 2……………………………………………………………….
74
4
Unit 1
Read the title of the text and try to identify the main idea of the text
Hot summer air turns into drinking water with new gel device
For significant portions of the globe faced with water shortage problems, a
beacon of hope may be on the way: the ability to easily turn hot air into drinking
water.
For the past few years, researchers at The University of Texas at Austin have
focused on the moisture present in the air as a potential source of drinking water for
drought-stressed populations. In new research published in the Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences, they reached a significant breakthrough in their
efforts to create drinkable water out of thin air: a molecularly engineered hydrogel
that can create clean water using just the energy from sunlight.
The researchers were able to pull water out of the atmosphere and make it
drinkable using solar energy, in conditions as low as 104 degrees, aligning with
summer weather in Texas and other parts of the world. That means people in places
with excess heat and minimal access to clean water could someday simply place a
device outside, and it would make water for them, with no additional effort
necessary.
"With our new hydrogel, we're not just pulling water out of thin air. We're
doing it extremely fast and without consuming too much energy," said Guihua Yu, a
materials science and engineering professor in the Cockrell School of Engineering's
Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering and Texas Materials Institute.
"What's really fascinating about our hydrogel is how it releases water. Think about a
hot Texas summer -- we could just use our temperatures' natural ups and downs, no
need to crank up any heaters."
The device can produce between 3.5 and 7 kilograms of water per kilogram of
gel materials, depending on humidity conditions.
A significant feature of this research is the hydrogel's adaptability into
microparticles called "microgels." These microgels unlock the speed and efficiency
improvements that bring this device much closer to reality.
"By transforming the hydrogel into micro-sized particles, we can make the
water capture and release ultrafast," said Weixin Guan, a graduate student in Yu's lab
and one of the leaders of the research. "This offers a new, highly efficient type of
sorbents that can significantly enhance the water production by multiple daily
cycling."
The researchers are pursuing additional improvements to the technology, with
an eye toward transforming it into a commercial product. One focus area is
optimizing the engineering of the microgels to further improve efficiency.
Scaling up is an important next step. The researchers aim to translate their
work into tangible and scalable solutions that can be used worldwide as a low-cost,
portable method of creating clean drinking water. This could be life-changing for
5
6
countries such as Ethiopia, where almost 60% of the population lacks basic access to
clean water.
"We developed this device with the ultimate goal to be available to people
around the world who need quick and consistent access to clean, drinkable water,
particularly in those arid areas," said Yaxuan Zhao, a graduate student in Yu's lab."
The team is working on other versions of the device made from organic
materials, which would reduce costs for mass production. This transition to more
commercially viable designs comes with its own challenges in scaling production of
the sorbent that allows moisture absorption and in maintaining durability for the
product's lifespan. Research is also focused on making the devices portable for
various application scenarios.
This project is supported by the Norman Hackerman Award in Chemical
Research from The Welch Foundation and the Camille Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar
Award.
1. Text comprehension part
1.1 Answer the following questions:
1. What for are the researchers pursuing additional improvements to the technology?
2. What can help to reduce costs for mass production?
3. Why do the researchers transform the hydrogel into micro-sized particles?
4. What are the researchers at The University of Texas at Austin focused on during
the last years?
5. Why is hydrogel considered to be fascinating?
6. How is the hydrogel able to pull out water from the air?
7. What does the device depend on?
8. Who supports the project?
1.2 Look through the text and finish the following sentences:
1. The researchers were able to make water drinkable using solar energy, in
conditions ……………….
2. The Norman Hackerman Award in Chemical Research supports……………..
3. It is possible to make the water capture and release ultrafast by……………….
4. The new research was published in…………………..
5. Researchers at The University of Texas at Austin have focused on the moisture
present in the air as a potential source of ……………….
6. When the device is made from organic materials it helps ……….
7. The ultimate goal of this device is ……………….
8. Almost 60% of population lacks………………..
2.Vocabulary comprehension part
7
2.1 Match the two parts of the word combination
potential
breakthrough
significant
conditions
engineering
feature
drinking
water
significant
professor
graduate
production
mass
source
humidity
student
Fill the gaps with the appropriate word combination:
1. “This project is supported by the Norman Hackerman Award in Chemical
Research from The Welch Foundation and the Camille Dreyfus Teacher-
Scholar Award”, – said John Black, a …………………. at the University of
Chicago.
2. The amount of ……………….. is becoming less and less.
3. The temperature outside partly depends on …………………
4. This device is already on ………………..
5. The research in that sphere was a very ………………….
6. Mr. White has been working as ……………. for many years.
7. Some countries have to look for the…………………… of drinking water.
8
8. …………………….. of this research is the hydrogel's adaptability into
microparticles called "microgels."
Make up your own sentences using these word combinations
2.2 Find the English equivalents for the following Russian words and word
combinations:
- уменьшить расходы на массовое производство
- поэтапное увеличение, масштабирование
- материальные (ощутимые) и масштабные решения
- дополнительные улучшения в технологии
- конечная цель
- важная черта исследования
– адаптируемость в микрочастицы
– используя солнечную энергию
– значительный прорыв
- молекулярно созданный гидрогель
- луч надежды
– извлечь воду из атмосферы
Try to make up three questions using these words and word combinations
3.Grammar comprehension
3.1 Identify the predicates in the following sentences and define their tenses and
voice.
1. For the past few years, researchers at The University of Texas at Austin have
focused on the moisture present in the air as a potential source of drinking
water for drought-stressed populations.
2. The researchers aim to translate their work into tangible and scalable solutions
that can be used worldwide as a low-cost, portable method of creating clean
drinking water.
3. This project is supported by the Norman Hackerman Award in Chemical
Research from The Welch Foundation and the Camille Dreyfus Teacher-
Scholar Award.
4. The team is working on other versions of the device made from organic
materials.
5. Research is also focused on making the devices portable for various
application scenarios.
6. The researchers are pursuing additional improvements to the technology.
7. The researchers were able to pull water out of the atmosphere.
9
8. They reached a significant breakthrough in their efforts to create drinkable
water out of thin air.
3.2 Identify Participle I and Gerund in the following sentences and define their
functions:
1. The device can produce between 3.5 and 7 kilograms of water per kilogram of
gel materials, depending on humidity conditions.
2. "By transforming the hydrogel into micro-sized particles, we can make the
water capture and release ultrafast," said Weixin Guan.
3. We're doing it extremely fast and without consuming too much energy," said
Guihua Yu.
4. The researchers were able to pull water out of the atmosphere and make it
drinkable using solar energy.
5. One focus area is optimizing the engineering of the microgels to further
improve efficiency.
6. The researchers are pursuing additional improvements to the technology, with
an eye toward transforming it into a commercial product.
7. Scaling up is an important next step.
8. Research is also focused on making the devices portable for various
application scenarios.
10
Unit 2
Climate-driven extreme heat may make parts of Earth too hot for humans
If global temperatures increase by 1 degree Celsius (C) or more than current
levels, each year billions of people will be exposed to heat and humidity so extreme
they will be unable to naturally cool themselves, according to interdisciplinary
research from the Penn State College of Health and Human Development, Purdue
University College of Sciences and Purdue Institute for a Sustainable Future.
Results from a new article published today (Oct. 9) in Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences indicated that warming of the planet beyond 1.5 C
above preindustrial levels will be increasingly devastating for human health across
the planet.
Humans can only withstand certain combinations of heat and humidity before
their bodies begin to experience heat-related health problems, such as heat stroke or
heart attack. As climate change pushes temperatures higher around the world, billions
of people could be pushed beyond these limits.
Since the start of the industrial revolution, when humans began to burn fossil
fuels in machines and factories, temperatures around the world have increased by
about 1 C, or 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit (F). In 2015, 196 nations signed the Paris
Agreement which aims to limit worldwide temperature increases to 1.5 C above preindustrial levels.
The researcher team modeled global temperature increases ranging between 1.5
C and 4 C -- considered the worst-case scenario where warming would begin to
accelerate -- to identify areas of the planet where warming would lead to heat and
humidity levels that exceed human limits.
"To understand how complex, real-world problems like climate change will
affect human health, you need expertise both about the planet and the human body,"
said co-author W. Larry Kenney, professor of physiology and kinesiology, the Marie
Underhill Noll Chair in Human Performance at Penn State and co-author of the new
study. "I am not a climate scientist, and my collaborators are not physiologists.
Collaboration is the only way to understand the complex ways that the environment
will affect people's lives and begin to develop solutions to the problems that we all
must face together."
A threat to billions
The ambient wet-bulb temperature limit for young, healthy people is about 31
C, which is equal to 87.8 F at 100% humidity, according to work published last year
by Penn State researchers. However, in addition to temperature and humidity, the
specific threshold for any individual at a specific moment also depends on their
exertion level and other environmental factors, including wind speed and solar
radiation. In human history, temperatures and humidity that exceed human limits
have been recorded only a limited number of times -- and only for a few hours at a
time -- in the Middle East and Southeast Asia, according to the researchers.
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