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Файл:Стилистика. Методические рекомендации по организации самостоятельной работы студентов филологического факультета
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МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ БЮДЖЕТНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ
УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
«НАБЕРЕЖНОЧЕЛНИНСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКИЙ
УНИВЕРСИТЕТ»
Филологический факультет
Кафедра романо-германских языков и методик их преподавания
Стилистика
Методические рекомендации
по организации самостоятельной работы
студентов филологического факультета
Набережные Челны
2016
ББК 81.2 Англ-5
ISBN - нет
С 80
Составитель:
С.А. Радионова, доцент кафедры романо-германских языков и методик
их преподавания, кандидат педагогических наук
Стилистика: методические рекомендации по организации
самостоятельной работы студентов филологического факультета / сост. С.А.
Радионова. – Набережные Челны: НГПУ, 2016. – 61 с.
Методические рекомендации предназначены для студентов
филологического факультета. Представленный материал позволит студентам
эффективно организовать самостоятельную работу по дисциплине
«Стилистика».
© НГПУ, 2016
2
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
Планы лабораторных занятий……………………………………………...4
Методические рекомендации по подготовке к лабораторным
занятиям……………………………………………………………………..30
Образец стилистического анализа художественного текста…………….40
Тест для самоконтроля с ключами………………………………………..50
Перечень вопросов к зачету……………………………………………….53
Словарь стилистических терминов……………………………………….55
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Планы лабораторных занятий
Лабораторное занятие № 1. General notes on style and stylistics
Цель: ознакомиться с понятийным аппаратом, объектом и предметом
дисциплины.
Задачи:
- рассмотрение терминов ―Style‖, ‖Stylistics‖;
- представление предмета и объекта курса;
- рассмотрение задач стилистики как лингвистической науки;
- установление связи стилистики с другими дисциплинами.
Ключевые понятия: a branch of linguistics, style, the subject of style,
expressive means, correspondence between thought and expression, embellishment
of language, technique of expression, literary genre, different styles of language,
individual style, idiosyncrasies, idiostyle, the norm, the notion of stylistics,
objectives (interdependent tasks) of stylistics, stylistic devices and evaluative
means - SDs and EMs, certain types of texts (discourse), theory of information,
literature, logic, psychology, psycholinguistics, culturology, sociology, statistics,
the category of the expressiveness, subjectivity of perception.
Вопросы для обсуждения:
1. The notion of style.
2. The notion of stylistics.
3. The objectives of stylistics.
4. The place of stylistics among other language-studying sciences.
5. The chief peculiarities of the discipline.
Tips for learning:
1. While getting ready for the seminar, bear in mind the fact that the
concept ―Style‖ is broad in its meaning, and it is neither possible to give a unique
definition to it, nor innumerate many of them. It is worth while concentrating only
on those chief ones that regard style as relation between thought and its
manifestation, as an expression technique, as a literary genre, as idiostyle and
idiosyncratic language of an author.
2. When it comes to the question about Stylistics, look at views of the two
groups of critics – Russian and central European Formalists who made a major
influence on the identity and direction of contemporary English language studies
of stylistic phenomena. Correspondingly, the definitions of the term vary a lot.
3. While talking on the idiostyle, consider the following authors along with
those that you are currently reading: Ch. Dickens, S. Maugham, J.K. Jerome, J.
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Galsworthy, A.C. Doyle, M. Twain, O. Henry, J. London and others. Prepare a
report on the style of your favourite writer of all times. Choose a book in the
original to read for pleasure. Be ready to give examples from it during seminars.
Лабораторное занятие № 2. General notes on functional styles as a field
of stylistic investigation
Цель: рассмотреть понятие «функциональный стиль»
Задачи:
- представление термина «функциональный стиль» как ключевого в
данной дисциплине;
-рассмотрение разнообразия функциональных стилей, выделение их
отличительных особенностей;
-рассмотрение понятия «вариативность языка».
Ключевые понятия types of texts, functional styles of language,
discourses, literary standard, function of communication, belle-lettres, poetry,
emotive prose, drama, publicistic literature, scientific prose, official documents,
newspaper functional styles, newspaper headlines, brief news items, press reports,
advertisements and announcements, varieties of language, the spoken language, the
written language.
Вопросы для обсуждения:
1. Functional Styles
2. Principles of FS classification
3. Varieties Of Language
Tips for learning:
1. The question of Functional Styles is one of the most of the most
important in the whole course of Stylistics, for functional styles serve as one of the
fields or objectives of this literary discipline as a science.
2. Mind that there are plenty more styles and substyles in the language.
Though the lecture describes some styles as well as discloses mainly the
newspaper substyles, there appears a possibility for you to present more styles and
substyles of the English language on the seminar. You will find them in the book
by T.A. Znamenskaya. Find examples of the diverse styles from the internet. Read
them out in class.
3. The lecture gives some peculiarities of the spoken variety of the
language as different from the written variety. It will be possible for you to find
and describe more distinctions between the two and prove by your illustrative
examples from home reading/reading for pleasure, etc.
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Practical task:
Ex 1, p. 80
Source: Практикум по стилистике английского языка = A Manual of English
Stylistics : [учебное пособие] / М.П. Ивашкин, В.В. Сдобников, А.В. Селяев. –
М.: АСТ: Восток-Запад, 2007. – 101 с.
Лабораторное занятие № 3. Meanings of language units
Цель: ознакомиться со значениями языковых единиц, разграничить
лексическое от стилистического значений.
Задачи:
- рассмотрение всех возможных значений языковых единиц, наглядное их
представление;
- демонстрация отличий лексического от стилистического значений
лингвистического знака;
- ознакомление с компонентами прагматического значения.
Ключевые понятия:
lexical meaning, grammatical meaning, descriptive, dynamic use,
prime/basic/denotational/dictionary/general meaning, connotational
stylistic/figurative/pragmatic meaning, expressive, emotive, evaluative
meanings, connotative relation, denotative relation, expressiveness,
emotiveness, positive (meliorative, laudatory), negative (pejorative, derogatory)
or neutral (indifferent) meanings, pragmatics.
Вопросы для обсуждения:
1. Meanings of Language Units: A General Division
2. Stylistic (Pragmatic) Meaning
a) Expressive Meaning
b) Emotive Meaning
c) Evaluative Meaning
3. Pragmatics as a Branch of Science
4. Denotational and Connotational Meanings
5. The Difference between Semantics and Pragmatics
Tips for Learning:
1. While preparing for the seminar, a special attention should be paid to the
preeminence of the notion of stylistic meaning among other categories of
Stylistics. Besides, investigations in this sphere are closely connected with the
theory of functional styles, because linguistic means adherence to this or that
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functional style is reflected in their functional-stylistic component in their absolute
stylistic meaning.
2. The stylistic meaning of the word should not be mixed up with the lexical
one, as the latter is broader and more complex, which includes the stylistic
meaning in its structure.
3. When preparing for the question about the stylistic connotational
meaning, you should appeal to some aspects of theory of communication.
Additional information is optional and is realized in the connotative meaning of the
word, which serves as an addition to the denotative meaning. The mentioned above
information contains the emotive, the expressive and the evaluative components
and depends on the speakers/literary character/author’s social status, age group,
subjective peculiarities of the message sender or other situational factors of the
communication.
4. All possible meanings of the word should be presented schematically at
the seminar as it enhances understanding of meaning as a phenomenon.
Лабораторное занятие № 4. Expressive Means and Stylistic Devices
Цель: ознакомиться с различными терминами, представляющими
стилистически маркированные единицы языка и речи, представить разницу
между выразительными средствами и стилистическими приемами.
Задачи:
- рассмотрение всех возможных терминов для обозначения
маркированных стилистически единиц языка и речи в отечественной и
зарубежной литературе по представленной проблеме;
- демонстрация отличий между выразительными средствами и
стилистическими приемами;
- трактовка обобщающего термина «фигуры речи».
Ключевые понятия:
stylistic means, stylistic markers, stylistic devices, tropes, figures of speech
expressive means (EMs) and stylistic devices (SDs), phonetic, morphological EMs,
word-building means, lexical EMs, phraseological units, schemes, tropes.
Вопросы для обсуждения:
I.General view on SDs and EMs
1. Expressive Means
2. Stylistic Devices
II.General view on Figures of Speech
Tips for Learning:
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1. Working on the seminar you should also pay attention to plurality of
terms suggested by Western and former Soviet scholars. As I.R. Galperin’s
approach is taken into consideration in this course, your special concentration
should be given to the terms of Expressive Means and Stylistic Device.
Distinguishing between the two seems not an easy matter.
2. The main constituting feature of a SD is binary opposition of
two meanings of the employed unit, one of which is normatively fixed in the
language and does not depend upon context, while the other one originates
within certain context and is contextual.
3. Be able to speak on the problem of the norm in language. Provide five
examples of SDs and EMs from Russian lyrics and five of those from English. Be
ready to quote them, state the SD, and give the idea implied in them.
Лабораторное занятие № 5. Acknowledged Classifications of Linguistic
Expressive Resources
Цель: ознакомиться с различными классификациями выразительных
средств языка и речи, представленными как отечественными и западными
лингвистами, так и разными эпохами.
Задачи:
- рассмотрение основных античных классификаций стилистически
маркированных языковых и речевых единиц как необходимой основы для
дальнейшего их изучения и толкования другими учеными более поздних
эпох;
- рассмотрение ряда современных классификаций отечественных и
западных лингвистов;
- сравнение современных классификаций выразительных средств.
Ключевые понятия: Early Roman Antique Rhetoric, Gorgius and
Trasimachus’ Classification, a colon in rhetoric, Hellenistic Roman Rhetoric
System, Aristotle’s Classification, tropes, figures of speech that create rhythm,
types of speech, G. Leech’s Classification, I.R. Galperin’s Classification, Y.M.
Skrebnev’s Classification.
Вопросы для обсуждения:
I. Ancient classifications
1. Early Roman Antique Rhetoric
2. Hellenistic Roman Rhetoric System
II. Modern Classifications
1. G. Leech’s Classification Of Expressive Means
2. I.R. Galperin’s Classification
3. Y.M. Screbnev’s Classification
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Tips for Learning:
1. While pгeparing for the seminar, you should keep in mind that there
are lots of expressive means classifications. Stephen Ullman (―Language and
Style‖) thinks that Stylistics is a linguistic discipline, thus it has 3 levels of
linguistic analysis: lexical, phonetic, syntactic. The difference of Stylistics from
Linguistics is in studying not the language items proper but their expressive
tendencies.
2. Dealing with modern classifications it will be necessary to find more
of them not presented in the lecture, but nonetheless important. For instance, Urve
Lechtsaalu’s who introduces a lexical group (poetic words, archaisms and dialect
words, neologisms); phonetic group (rhythm, euphonia); grammar group
(inversion, elliptical sentences, repetitions, exclamations).
3. After regarding all presented classifications of expressive means of
the language, be able to present your preferences.
Лабораторное занятие № 6. Lexical stylistic devices. Lexical SDs based
on similarity
Цель: ознакомление с основными лексическими приемами в
английском языке.
Задачи:
- представить классификацию основных важнейших лексических
приемов в английском языке;
- рассмотрение лексических стилистических приемов, основанных на
первом принципе классификации - уподоблении;
- выявление их функций в тексте.
Ключевые понятия: simile, comparison, metaphor, metonymy, antonomasia,
epithet, genuine, trite (dead) metaphor, simple metaphor, sustained (prolonged),
metaphorical аntonomasia, metonymical аntonomasia, simple, compound, phrase
epithets, reversed epithet.
Вопросы для обсуждения:
1.SDs based on similarity of objects
1.1 Simile
1.2 Metaphor
1.3 Metonymy
1.4 Antonomasia
1.5 Epithet
Tips for Learning:
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1. Mind that all figures of speech based on comparison have one feature
and aim in common: to compare one object of reality to another. Yet there are
subtle differences between them that make them unique. This is the most
commonly used and welcomed category in Modern English, as metaphors,
metonymies and similes are presented in every functional style and substyle if one
speaks about imagery of the text.
2. Simile and comparison are very close to each other, still there are certain
differences you can’t avoid. We should bear in mind that the simile can be easily
confused with comparison. Comparison means weighing two objects belonging to
one class of things with the purpose of establishing the degree of their sameness or
difference. To use a simile is to characterize one object by bringing it into contact
with another object belonging to an entirely different class of things.
3. Some scholars regard metonymy as a type of metaphor and don’t single
it out. Yet Metonymy is a SD based on a different type of relation between the
dictionary and contextual meanings, where a part of a notion substitutes the notion
itself. On the other hand, in metaphors objects upon the whole, not parts of them
are taken into consideration.
4. There can be one more discrepancy. The question concerns epithets.
You shouldn’t mix them up with descriptive attributes. They might look the same,
but the meaning, not the structure is all that matters. The epithet is always
unexpected, it describes an object as though it is something or someone else, the
characteristics of it is not inherent to its real features.
Practical task:
Ex 3,4, p. 18-19.
Source: Практикум по стилистике английского языка = A Manual of English
Stylistics : [учебное пособие] / М.П. Ивашкин, В.В. Сдобников, А.В. Селяев. –
М.: АСТ: Восток-Запад, 2007. – 101 с.
Лабораторное занятие № 7. Lexical stylistic devices. Lexical SDs based
on contrast
Цель: ознакомление с основными лексическими приемами в
английском языке, основанных на контрасте.
Задачи:
- рассмотрение лексических стилистических лексических приемов в
английском языке, основанных на втором принципе классификации контрасте;
- выявление их функций в тексте.
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