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Файл:Стилистика английского языка. Практикум для студентов 4 курса, направление подготовки «Лингвистика»
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as a separate style.
Some linguists solve the problem of belle-lettres style by opposing the language of literature
and non-literature – all uses of the language – oral and written – other than literature.
The Language of Literature
It includes elements of all functional styles and subjects them to the aesthetic function. The
distinctive features of the language of literature:
1)The use of language in non-literature has become automatised while in literature it
becomes actualized or foregrounded. Automatisation – such a use of the language when the
expression itself does not attract attention, a usual use of the language. Foregrounding – such a
use of the language when the expression itself attracts attention and is perceived as unusual,
deautomatised. Thus literature brings new significance to usual, ordinary things.
2)To present life phenomena in a new light, to give a new, unexpected image of a familiar
object literature shows something common in dissimilar objects or, on the opposite, brings out
contrast in objects seemingly similar. Things which are not equivalent in life are made
equivalent in literature (figurative meaning).
3)Literature breaks many restrictions of the language, in it things incompatible in standard
English are brought together. Semi-marked structures. E.g. Dylan Thomas: all the sun long,
farms away, hungry ribs and shoulders. e.i. cummings: no punctuation, only small letters.
Little by little and was by was.
4)Integrity. Any work of literature is highly organized and finished.
Foregrounding, figurative meaning, semi-marked structures, integrity.
PRACTICE
Read the samples of AMERICAN BUSINESS CORRESPONDENCE.
Write your own letter to some American institution, enclose your resume.
1)
Nicholas Smith
th
105 – 40 66
Rd., #3
Cedar Road, N.Y. 10453
Tel. (718) 465-8741
e-mail name@gmail.com
May 12, 2014
Marlone Goldsmith, Inc.
1289 Morris Avenue
New York, N.Y. 10018
OBJECTIVE
A position as an accountant with emphasis on financial
planning and general accounting functions.
SUMMARY
Experienced accounting professional who works well
under pressure, has good oral and written communication
skills, knowledge of computers and administrative abilities.
QUALIFICATIONS
Kept all books of account, general ledgers, and balance
sheets at the end of fiscal year, prepared financial
statements.
EXPERIENCE
BUSINESS SERVICES, Inc.
Flushing, N.Y. 1994 – 2000.
Position: Bookkeeper.
Duties: Prepared accounts payable, accounts receivable
and financial statements, handled cash and kept checking
receipts, kept all books of account, general ledgers and
balance sheets.
EDUCATION
PLEKHANOV INSTITUTE,
Department of Economics,
Moscow, USSR. Degree: MA in Economics.
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Dear Sir,
Your advertisement for a computer programmer in the Sunday, May 11, issue of The New York
Times interests me because many years of experience have qualified me to work for a
company like yours. Please consider me as an applicant.
You will find additional information about my qualifications in the enclosed resume. I would
appreciate your granting me an interview.
Sincerely yours
Nicholas Smith
Resume
2)
Semyon Segal
64-39 108 Street, Apt. 4-D
Forest Hills, N.Y. 11375
Tel. (718) 459-2530
e-mail name@gmail.com
1984 – 1989.
PERSONAL
Arrived in the United States June, 1990.
Naturalized US citizen – October, 1993.
Married, one child.
REFERENCES
Mr. James Smith, Senior Accountant
Innovative Business Services, Inc.
3)
Warren Flinger
1 Oakley Avenue
Elmont, NY 10438
Home phone: 254-5698
Office phone: 952-6574
e-mail name@gmail.com
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June 24, 2014
Box C 123
Times
New York, NY 10036
Dear Sir:
I am writing in answer to your advertisement in Sunday’s Times for a sales promotion manager.
I am twenty-nine years old, married, and a graduate of the Wharton School of Business with a
B.B.A. degree. At college I majored in sales management and marketing, and minored in
Spanish.
Since my graduation in 1978, I have worked for Glo-Set Extruders, 11 Easter Avenue,
Westchester, New York. During my first three years with this firm, I was a salesman. Since
then, I have been assistant sales promotion manager. My special duties include training new
sales personnel; writing all correspondence in Spanish to our clients in South America; and
organizing marketing and promotional programs. I believe that my experience has prepared me
to assume the responsibilities of complete sales promotional management.
I have permission to refer you to my employer, Mr. Leland Logan, and to Mr. Edward Taylor,
chairman, Department of Business Administration, The Wharton School of Business,
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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I should be pleased to give you any further information you request. May I have an interview at
your convenience?
Very truly yours,
W. Flinger
Warren Flinger
Read the INVITATIONS. Write an invitation to the President of some foreign
university inviting him or her to the anniversary of your institute
1)
Dear Sir / Madam:
The Congressional Joint Committee on the Inauguration of the President and the Vice President
of the United States of America requests the honor of your presence at the forty-fifth
inauguration of the President of the United States of America on the twenty-fourth of January,
in the Year of our Lord nineteen-hundred and ninety seven to honor the Forty fifth President
and Vice President of the United States of America, William Jefferson Clinton and Albert Gore,
Junior respectively. The inauguration shall be held at one o’clock in the afternoon at the Capitol
Building, South Portico, Washington DC.
2) Dear Sir / Madame:
You are cordially invited to attend the farewell dinner in honor of our distinguished guests from
the Russian Federation. The dinner will begin promptly at seven in the evening on the twenty
fourth of January, nineteen-hundred and ninety seven. Please RSVP to (202) 338-6248.
Sincerely,
Robert Lawton, SJ.
Dean, Georgetown College
Georgetown University
Washington, DC 20057
Prepare a 5-minute speech on an issue that you find topical for the students of your
university / young teachers of your region. Remember the essential features of oratory style.
Deliver the speech to your groupmates.
Section6.Tests
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Test 1.
Test 2.
Tropes. Match the terms with the definitions.
Define the lexical stylistic devices used in the following quotations:
1. Give everyman thy ear and few thy voice.
2. Sara was a menace and a tonic, my best enemy; Rozzie was a disease, my worst friend.
3. To write is, indeed, no unpleasing employment.
4. Mr. Facing-Both-Ways does not get very far in this world.
5. His grey face was so long that he could wind it twice round his neck.
6. And look at the broad – faced sun, how he smiles
On the leaping waters and gay young isles.
Test 3.
Test 4.
Syntactical and phonetic stylistic devices. Match the terms with the definitions.
Define the syntactical and phonetic stylistic devices used in the following quotations:
1. Outside was a weatherless London morning, a mean monotone, sunless, rainless, a
cool nothing.
2. He did not answer; and, sickly white, she jumped up.
3. Me he restored, him he hanged.
4. There was no Olga. I had no consolation. Then I felt desperate, desolate, crushed.
5. In the days of old men made manners
Manners now make men.
6. The watch-dogs bark!
Bow-wow.
Hark, hark! I hear
The strain of strutting chanticleer
Cry, "Cock-a-doodle-doo!"
Test 5.
Match the functional styles with their features.
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Examinationquestions
During the exam students are to answer two theoretical questions and to do the practical
assignment (to define the stylistic devices used in the given quotations)
1. General notions of stylistics and style.
2. The connection of stylistics with other branches of linguistics.
3. Functional styles of the English language.
4. Scientific style.
5. Business (official) style.
6. Publicistic styles and its substyles.
7. Stylistic use of phraseology.
8. Intertextuality.
9. Simile. Metaphor. Personification.
10. Image: its structure, semantics and functions.
11. Metonymy. Synecdoche.
12. Epithet.
13. Allegory, antonomasia.
14. Periphrasis and euphemism.
15. Hyperbole. Oxymoron. Antithesis.
16. Irony. Bathos.
17. Climax. Litotes.
18. Zeugma and pun.
19. One-member sentences. Ellipsis. Aposiopesis.
20. Repetitions (different types).
21. Parenthesis. Detachment.
22. Inversion. Parallelism. Chiasmus.
23. Phonetic expressive means.
24. Graphical expressive means.
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