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Оперативное управление распределительными электрическими сетями. Учебное пособие

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ɉɊɂɅɈɀȿɇɂȿ
ɉɪɢɦɟɪɧɵɣɩɟɪɟɱɟɧɶɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ
ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɝɨɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɚɠɚɧɚɪɚɛɨɱɟɦɦɟɫɬɟ
Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ
ɪɚɛɨɱɟɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɜ ɰɟɯɟ Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɟ ɢ
ɜɪɟɞɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨ
ɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ
Ȼɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɚɹɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɢɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨɦɟɫɬɚ
Ɉɩɚɫɧɵɟɡɨɧɵ ɦɚɲɢɧɵ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɋɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɨ
ɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɵɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɨɝɪɚɠɞɟɧɢɹɫɢ
ɫɬɟɦɵ ɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɡɧɚɤɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ Ɍɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ
ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɸɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɬɪɚɜɦɚɬɢɡɦɚ
ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢɤɪɚɛɨɬɟɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɢɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɭɫɤɨ
ɜɵɯ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɢ ɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɢɣ ɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɨɤ ɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɹɢ
ɞɪɭɝɢɯɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɡɚɳɢɬɵ
Ȼɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɵɟɩɪɢɟɦɵɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɢɨɩɚɫ
ɧɨɣɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ
ɋɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ
ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɢɦɢ
ɋɯɟɦɚɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɯɧɚɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɰɟɯɚɭɱɚɫɬ
ɤɚ
ȼɧɭɬɪɢɰɟɯɨɜɵɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɟ ɢ ɝɪɭɡɨɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ
Ɍɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɩɨɝɪɭɡɨɱɧɨɪɚɡɝɪɭɡɨɱɧɵɯɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ ɢɬɪɚɧɫ
ɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɟɝɪɭɡɨɜ
ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɟɩɪɢɱɢɧɵ ɚɜɚɪɢɣ ɜɡɪɵɜɨɜ ɩɨɠɚɪɨɜɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧ
ɧɵɯɬɪɚɜɦ

ɍɫɥɨɜɧɵɟɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜɫɯɟɦɵɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɪɟɠɢɦɚ
ɉɊɂɅɈɀȿɇɂȿ
ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɢɥɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɫɯɟɦɵ
Ⱥɜɬɨɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɯɨɛɦɨɬɨɱɧɵɣ
Ɍɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɫɢɥɨɜɨɣ
ɯɨɛɦɨɬɨɱɧɵɣ
ɫɊɉɇɛɟɡɊɉɇ
Ɍɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɫɢɥɨɜɨɣ
ɯɨɛɦɨɬɨɱɧɵɣ
ɫɊɉɇɛɟɡɊɉɇ
Ɍɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɫɢɥɨɜɨɣ
ɫɪɚɫɳɟɩɥɟɧɧɨɣɨɛɦɨɬɤɨɣ
ɫɊɉɇɛɟɡɊɉɇ
Ⱦɭɝɨɝɚɫɹɳɢɟɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɵɛɟɡɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ
ɫɬɢɩɥɚɜɧɨɝɨɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɢɫɜɨɡ
ɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɸɩɥɚɜɧɨɝɨɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Ɍɨɤɨɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɟɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɵɨɞɢ
ɧɚɪɧɵɣɢɫɞɜɨɟɧɧɵɣ
Ɋɟɚɤɬɨɪɵɲɭɧɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ
ɛɟɡɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɢɫɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɸɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Ɍɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɵɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ
ɯɨɛɦɨɬɨɱɧɵɣɢɯɨɛɦɨɬɨɱɧɵɣ
Ɉɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ

Ɍɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɜɨɥɶɬɨɞɨɛɚɜɨɱɧɵɣ
ȼɵɫɨɤɨɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɵɣɡɚɝɪɚɞɢɬɟɥɶɥɢɧɢɢ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ
Ɏɢɥɶɬɪɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ
Ʉɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪ
Ɉɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɩɟɪɟɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɣ

ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɢɥɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɫɯɟɦɵ
Ɋɚɡɪɹɞɧɢɤ
Ɉɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɟɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ
Ɉɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ
ɉɥɚɜɤɢɣɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶ±ɤȼ
Ƚɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪ
ɋɢɧɯɪɨɧɧɵɣɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɬɨɪ
Ȼɚɬɚɪɟɹɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɨɜ
Ɍɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɬɨɤɚ
ɢɥɢ
Ʉɚɛɟɥɶɧɚɹɥɢɧɢɹ
Ʉɨɧɬɚɤɬ

Ƚɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɩɟɪɟɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ
ɧɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɟɟɤɨɧɬɚɤɬ
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɮɢɤ
ɫɚɰɢɢɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣɤɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɫɟɤɰɢɹɦɲɢɧ

ɭ
ɉɊɂɅɈɀȿɇɂȿ
Ɉɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɮɨɪɦɵɪɚɛɨɬɵɫɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹɦɢɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ
ʋ
ɩ/ɩ
Ɏɨɪɦɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɫ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɨɦ
Ɉɉ ɈɊ ɈɊɉ Ɋɇɉ ɊɊɋ ȼɉ Ⱦɋ Ʌɉ ɋɆ
Ʉɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ
ɉɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚɧɚɧɨɜɨɣ

ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɢɩɪɨɮɟɫ
        
ɫɢɢ
Ɉɛɭɱɟɧɢɟɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɵɦ

ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ
        
ɪɚɛɨɬɢɫɬɚɠɢɪɨɜɤɚ









      











       







ɉɪɨɜɟɪɤɚɡɧɚɧɢɣ
 ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɬɟɯɧɢɱɟ
ɫɤɨɣɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ
 ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɩɨɠɚɪɧɨɣ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
 ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɩɪɨɦɵɲ
ɥɟɧɧɨɣɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨ ɫɬɢɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɢɢɧ

ɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢɩɨɨɛ ɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɶɸɨɛɴɟɤ ɬɨɜɩɨɞɧɚɞɡɨɪɧɵɯ ȽȽɌɇ
 ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɢɢɧ



      

ɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣɩɨɨɯɪɚɧɟ ɬɪɭɞɚ
 Ⱦɭɛɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ  
Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɤɢ

ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɟɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɠɚɪɧɵɟ
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɚɠɢɩɨɌȻ ɢɉȻ
ɜɜɨɞɧɵɣ

ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɣɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɵɣ
ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɰɟɥɟɜɨɣɬɟɤ
ɳɢɣ
 
 
 










































 ɋɩɟɰɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ  
 



      

  
 

 


ɭɦɭ
Ɉɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ
ʋ
ɩ/ɩ
Ɏɨɪɦɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɫ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɨɦ
Ɉɉ ɈɊ ɈɊɉ Ɉɉ ɊɊɋ ȼɉ Ɉɉ Ʌɉ ɋɆ
Ʉɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ
Ɂɚɧɹɬɢɹɩɨɩɨɠɚɪɧɨ

ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ
ɦɢɧɢɦ
        
Ɉɛɭɱɟɧɢɟɩɪɢɟɦɚɦ

ɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹɩɟɪɜɨɣɩɨ
        
ɦɨɳɢɩɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɜɲɢɦ
ɇɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɟɩɪɨɮɟɫ

ɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟɞɥɹɩɨɜɵ ɲɟɧɢɹɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ
        
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟɋɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɧɵɟɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɣɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ
Ɉɉ ± ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥ ɈɊ ± ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɈɊɉ ±ɨɩɟɪɚ
ɬɢɜɧɨɪɟɦɨɧɬɧɵɣɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɊɇɉ±ɪɟɦɨɧɬɧɵɣ ɢ ɧɚɥɚɞɨɱɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥ ɊɊɋ ±
ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɹɳɢɟɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɢɢɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɵȼɉ±ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥȾɋ±
ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɵ ɫɥɭɠɚɳɢɟ ɢ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɟ Ʌɉ ± ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨ
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɋɆ±ɪɚɛɨɱɢɟɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɨɧɬɚɠɧɵɯɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ

ɉɊɂɅɈɀȿɇɂȿ
ɍɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɸ
ȽɥɚɜɧɵɣɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɉɈȼɗɋ
BBBBBBBBBBɩɨɞɩɢɫɶ
ɹɧɜɚɪɹBBɝ
ɉɟɪɟɱɟɧɶɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢɞɥɹɞɟɠɭɪɧɨɝɨɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚ
ɩɨɞɫɬɚɧɰɢɢɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɝɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
ɉɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɩɨ ɨɯɪɚɧɟ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɩɪɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ɭɬɜ
ɩɪɢɤɚɡɨɦɆɢɧɬɪɭɞɚɊɨɫɫɢɢɨɬʋɧ
ɋɈɉɪɚɜɢɥɚɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟ
ɫɤɢɯɫɬɚɧɰɢɣɢɫɟɬɟɣɊɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣɎɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ
ɊȾɉɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɩɨɠɚɪɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢ
ɱɟɫɤɢɯɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ
ɋɈ ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɩɨɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɸɫɪɟ
ɞɫɬɜɡɚɳɢɬɵɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯɜɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚɯ
ɉɟɪɟɱɧɢ
ɉɟɪɟɱɟɧɶɉɋɉɈɉɗɋɩɪɨɫɬɨɣɢɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨɣɫɯɟɦɨɣ
ɉɟɪɟɱɟɧɶɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢɞɥɹɞɟɠɭɪɧɨɝɨɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚɉɋ
ɉɟɪɟɱɟɧɶɫɥɨɠɧɵɯɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɣɧɚɉɋ
ɉɟɪɟɱɟɧɶȼɅɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹɩɨɞɧɚɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɦɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɦɧɚɉɋ
ɉɟɪɟɱɟɧɶɨɩɚɫɧɵɯɦɟɫɬɧɚɉɋ
ɉɟɪɟɱɟɧɶɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤɞɨɤȼɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹɬɭɲɢɬɶɩɨɞ
ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɦ
ɉɟɪɟɱɟɧɶɪɚɛɨɬɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɵɯɜɩɨɪɹɞɤɟɬɟɤɭɳɟɣɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ
ɉɟɪɟɱɟɧɶɬɢɩɨɜɵɯɛɥɚɧɤɨɜɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɣ

ɉɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ
ɉɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɨɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɚɢɡɪɚɛɨɬɵɢɪɟɡɟɪɜɚɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɧɚɯɨ
ɞɹɳɟɝɨɫɹɜɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɦɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢɢɜɟɞɟɧɢɢɞɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪɚɉɈɉɗɋ
ɋɯɟɦɵ
ɋɯɟɦɚɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɪɟɠɢɦɚɉɋ
ɋɯɟɦɚɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɪɟɠɢɦɚɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɧɭɠɞɉɋ
ɋɯɟɦɚɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɪɟɠɢɦɚɫɟɬɢɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨɬɨɤɚ
Ɉɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɚɹɢɥɢɦɧɟɦɨɫɯɟɦɚɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɧɭɠɞɉɋ
Ɉɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɚɹɫɯɟɦɚɫɟɬɢɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨɬɨɤɚ
ɋɯɟɦɚɫɟɬɢɩɨɠɚɪɧɨɝɨɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ
Ƚɪɚɮɢɤɢɩɥɚɧɵ
Ƚɪɚɮɢɤɢɞɟɠɭɪɫɬɜɚɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚ
Ƚɪɚɮɢɤɢɜɟɞɨɦɨɫɬɢɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ
Ⱦɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɧɚɹ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɨɧɬɟɪɚ ɩɨ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɸ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨ
ɜɚɧɢɹɉɋ
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɨɯɪɚɧɟ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɞɥɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɨɧɬɟɪɚ ɩɨ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɸ
ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɉɋ
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɩɨ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɣ ɫɜɢɧɰɨɜɨɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɨɣɚɤɤɭ
ɦɭɥɹɬɨɪɧɨɣɛɚɬɚɪɟɢɬɢɩɚ ɋɄ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɟɣɜɪɟɠɢɦɟɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨɩɨɞ
ɡɚɪɹɞɚ
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɨɦɟɪɚɯɩɨɠɚɪɧɨɣɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɧɚɉɋ
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɩɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɟɬɟɣ ɢ
ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣɩɪɢɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɯ
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɩɨɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɦɭɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɸɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɟɣɬɢɩɚȼɆɌ
±ɤȼ
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɩɨɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯɦɚɫɥɨɫɬɨɤɨɜ
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɩɨ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɤɢ ɩɨɠɚɪɨɬɭɲɟɧɢɹ
ɧɚɉɋ

ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɩɨɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢɩɨɠɚɪɧɨɣɫɢɝ
ɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɧɚɉɋ
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɩɨ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɝɟɪɦɟɬɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɜɨɞɨɜ ± ɤȼ ɭɫɬɚ
ɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯɧɚɉɋ
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɩɨɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɧɟɝɟɪɦɟɬɢɱɧɵɯɜɜɨɞɨɜ±ɤȼ
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɩɨɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɫɢɥɨɜɵɯɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɨɜ
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɩɨɝɚɡɨɜɨɣɡɚɳɢɬɟɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɨɜ
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɩɨɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢȾȽɄɤȼ
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɩɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɸɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɊɁȺɢɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨ
ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɣɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɢ
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɩɨ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɦ ɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚɯ ɉɋ 
ɤȼɫɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɦɬɨɤɨɦ
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɩɨɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɸɢɥɢɤɜɢɞɚɰɢɢɚɜɚɪɢɣɜɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɱɚɫɬɢɉɈɉɗɋ
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɩɨɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɸɨɬɛɨɪɚɦɚɫɥɚɧɚɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɧɵɣɯɢɦɚɧɚɥɢɡ
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɩɨɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɍɄȼɪɚɞɢɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɨɩɨɪɹɞɤɟɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯɩɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɪɨɜɢɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ
ɰɢɢɧɚɉɋ
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɩɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɦɞɟɠɭɪɧɨɝɨɞɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪɚɈȾɋɉɗɋɩɪɢ ɡɚɦɵ
ɤɚɧɢɢɧɚ©ɡɟɦɥɸªɜɫɟɬɢɤȼ
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɩɨ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚ ɛɟɫɩɟɪɟɛɨɣɧɨɝɨ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ȺȻɉɤȼɬ
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɩɨɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɦɭɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɸɢɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɦɨɬɨɪɧɵɯ
ɩɪɢɜɨɞɨɜɪɚɡɴɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɟɣɤȼ
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɩɨɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɜɵɩɪɹɦɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚɬɢɩɚȼȺɁɉ
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɩɨɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɞɢɫɬɢɥɥɹɬɨɪɚȾɗ
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɩɨɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹɜɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɤ
ɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɟɬɹɯ
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɩɨ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹɦ ɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɯɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɩɨɞɪɚɛɨɱɢɦ
ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɦɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɢɩɨɞɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɦ

ɀɭɪɧɚɥɵ
Ɉɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɣɠɭɪɧɚɥɉɋ
ɀɭɪɧɚɥɞɟɮɟɤɬɨɜɢɧɟɩɨɥɚɞɨɤɫɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ
ɀɭɪɧɚɥɪɟɥɟɣɧɨɣɡɚɳɢɬɵ
ɀɭɪɧɚɥɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɨɝɪɚɦɦ
ɀɭɪɧɚɥɭɱɟɬɚɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɣɄɁɆȼ
ɀɭɪɧɚɥɜɵɫɨɤɨɜɨɥɶɬɧɵɯɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɣɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɀɭɪɧɚɥɩɨɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɸȺȻ
ɀɭɪɧɚɥɡɚɹɜɨɤɧɚɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɢɪɟɦɨɧɬɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɉɋ
ɀɭɪɧɚɥɭɱɟɬɚɪɚɛɨɬɩɨɧɚɪɹɞɚɦɢɪɚɫɩɨɪɹɠɟɧɢɹɦ
ɀɭɪɧɚɥɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹɪɚɛɨɬɵɜɜɨɞɨɜɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɨɜ
ɀɭɪɧɚɥɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɢɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɤɩɪɢɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹɯɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ
Ɉɛɪɚɡɰɵɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ
Ɉɛɪɚɡɟɰɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɠɭɪɧɚɥɚ
ɈɛɪɚɡɟɰɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɠɭɪɧɚɥɚɭɱɟɬɚɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɣɄɁɆȼ
ɋɩɢɫɤɢ
ɋɩɢɫɨɤɥɢɰɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɡɚɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɪɚɛɨɬɧɚɉɋɉɈ
ɋɩɢɫɨɤɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɥɢɰɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ
ɉɪɨɱɚɹɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ
Ʉɚɪɬɵɭɫɬɚɜɨɤɪɟɥɟɣɧɨɣɡɚɳɢɬɵɢɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɤɢ
Ɉɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɣɤɚɪɬɨɱɤɢɩɨɠɚɪɨɬɭɲɟɧɢɹ
ɑɢɫɬɵɟɢɬɢɩɨɜɵɟɛɥɚɧɤɢɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɣɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɧɨɝɨɩɟ
ɪɟɱɧɹ
Ȼɥɚɧɤɢɧɚɪɹɞɨɜ
ɉɚɩɤɚɞɥɹɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯɧɚɪɹɞɨɜ
ɉɚɩɤɚɞɥɹɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɧɚɪɹɞɨɜɢɛɥɚɧɤɨɜɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɣ
Ɍɚɛɟɥɶɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɉɋɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɦɢɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢɩɨɠɚɪɨɬɭɲɟɧɢɹ
Ɍɚɛɟɥɶɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɉɋɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɦɢɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ
Ɇɚɪɲɪɭɬɨɫɦɨɬɪɚɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɉɋ

ɋɈȾȿɊɀȺɇɂȿ
ɉɪɟɞɢɫɥɨɜɢɟ
ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ
ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ ɢɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɞɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪɫɤɨɟɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟȿɞɢɧɨɣɷɧɟɪɝɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɷɧɟɪɝɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵȼɨɥɨɝɨɞɫɤɨɣɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ
ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɢȿɗɋ
Ɉɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɞɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪɫɤɨɟɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɨɣ
Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ
ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɪɨɜɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɦɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɨɦ
Ɍɟɪɦɢɧɵɢɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɟɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ
Ɉɛɳɢɟɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ
ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩɵɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯɩɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɪɨɜ
Ɉɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɟɩɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɪɵɩɪɢɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ
Ɉɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɟɩɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɪɵɩɪɢɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɢɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ
ɢɥɢɤɜɢɞɚɰɢɢɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɣɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɪɟɠɢɦɚ
Ɉɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɟɩɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɪɵɩɪɢɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɢɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹɢɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ
ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ
Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ
ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɣɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ
Ⱦɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɟɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ
Ɉɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɷɧɟɪɝɨɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɣɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɟɣ
ɢɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ
ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɠɭɪɧɚɥɚ
ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɠɭɪɧɚɥɚɪɚɫɩɨɪɹɠɟɧɢɣ
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