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[НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]

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Микропроцессоры. Учебник

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ɊȺNDN mm, mm/m64

Ʉɨɦɚɧɞɚ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɬ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ, ɩɨɪɚɡɪɹɞɧɨɟ «ɇȿ», ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɟɪɚɧɞɚ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɩɨɪɚɡɪɹɞɧɨɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ «ɂ» ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɦ ɨɩɟɪɚɧɞɨɦ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɧɵɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ.

ɊɈR mm, mm/m64

Ʉɨɦɚɧɞɚ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɪɚɡɪɹɞɧɨɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ «ɂɅɂ» ɫɜɨɢɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɧɞɨɜ.

ɊXɈR mm, mm/m64

Ʉɨɦɚɧɞɚ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɪɚɡɪɹɞɧɨɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ «ɢɫɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɟɟ ɂɅɂ» ɫɜɨɢɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɧɞɨɜ.

ɊMȺDDWD mm, mm/m64

Ʉɨɦɚɧɞɚ ɩɨɩɚɪɧɵɦ ɩɟɪɟɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ 16-ɪɚɡɪɹɞɧɵɯ ɫɥɨɜ ɫɨ ɡɧɚɤɨɦ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ

ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɟɪɚɧɞɨɜ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ 32-ɪɚɡɪɹɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɩɟɪɜɨɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɨ ɜɬɨɪɵɦ, ɚ ɬɪɟɬɶɟ ɫ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɵɦ. ɋɭɦɦɵ ɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ 32-ɪɚɡɪɹɞɧɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɟɪɚɧɞɚ. ȿɫɥɢ ɜɫɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɪɚɜɧɵ 8000h, ɬɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ ɛɭɞɟɬ 80000000h.

ɊMULHW mm, mm/m64

Ʉɨɦɚɧɞɚ ɩɨɩɚɪɧɵɦ ɩɟɪɟɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ 16-ɪɚɡɪɹɞɧɵɯ ɫɥɨɜ ɫɨ ɡɧɚɤɨɦ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɟɪɚɧɞɨɜ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ 32-ɪɚɡɪɹɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ. ɋɬɚɪɲɢɟ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ 16-ɪɚɡɪɹɞɧɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɟɪɚɧɞɚ. Ɇɥɚɞɲɢɟ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɬɟɪɹɸɬɫɹ.

ɊMULLW mm, mm/m64

Ʉɨɦɚɧɞɚ ɩɨɩɚɪɧɵɦ ɩɟɪɟɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ 16-ɪɚɡɪɹɞɧɵɯ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɫɨ ɡɧɚɤɨɦ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɟɪɚɧɞɨɜ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯ 32-ɪɚɡɪɹɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ. Ɇɥɚɞɲɢɟ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ 16-ɪɚɡɪɹɞɧɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɟɪɚɧɞɚ. ɋɬɚɪɲɢɟ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɬɟɪɹɸɬɫɹ.

ɊɋMɊEQB mm, mm/m64

ɊɋMɊEQW mm, mm/m64

ɊɋMɊEQD mm, mm/m64

Ʉɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɩɨɩɚɪɧɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɸɬ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ (ɛɚɣɬɵ, 16- ɢɥɢ 32-ɪɚɡɪɹɞɧɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ) ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɟɪɚɧɞɨɜ. ȿɫɥɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɞɚɧ-

ɧɵɯ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɟɪɚɧɞɚ ɪɚɜɟɧ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦɭ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɭ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ, ɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɟɪɚɧɞɚ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɦɢ. ȿɫɥɢ ɪɚɜɟɧɫɬɜɚ ɧɟɬ, ɨɧ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɭɥɹɦɢ.

ɊɋMɊGTB mm, mm/m64

ɊɋMɊGTW mm, mm/m64

ɊɋMɊGTD mm, mm/m64

include \masm32\include\fpu.inc

include \masm32\include\user32.inc

includelib \masm32\lib\user32.lib

includelib \masm32\lib\kernel32.lib

includelib \masm32\lib\fpu.lib

ExitProcess proto: DWORD

. Data; ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ

st1 db "ȼɵɜɨɞ ɫɭɦɦɵ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɚ! Ⱥ", 0

st2 db 10 dup (?), 0

ifmt db "ɋɭɦɦɚ =% d", 0

masivA db 75,31,88,32

sum dw 0

iden db 0

work1 db 0

work2 db 0

prom dd 0

. Code; ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɤɨɞɚ

_start:

mov eax, 0

mov ebx, 0

mov ecx, 3

mov edx, 0

lea esi, masivA

M1:

mov prom, ebx

mov al, byte ptr [esi + ebx]; ɩɟɪɟɫɵɥɤɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɚ ɜ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɣ ɪɟ- ɝɢɫɬɪ al

inc ebx

mov bl, byte ptr [esi + ebx]; ɩɟɪɟɫɵɥɤɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɚ ɜ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɣ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪ bl

mov work1, al

mov work2, bl

and eax, 21h

and ebx, 21h

sub eax, ebx ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɫɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɛɢɬɨɜ

jz M3

mov iden, 0;ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪ. Ɉɧ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦ ɞɥɹ ɫɭɦɦɵ.

M2:

mov ebx, prom

inc ebx

loop M1

jmp M4

M3:

mov al, work1

dec iden

jz Q1; ɟɫɥɢ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɜ = 0, ɬɨɝɞɚ ɩɟɪɟɣɬɢ ɧɚ ɦɟɬɤɭ Q1

mov iden, 1

mov bl, work2

Q1: add sum, ax; ɩɨɞɫɱɟɬɚ ɫɭɦɦɵ

add sum, bx; ɩɨɞɫɱɟɬɚ ɫɭɦɦɵ

jmp M2

M4:

mov ebx, 0

mov bx, sum; ɩɟɪɟɫɵɥɤɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɦɦɵ ɜ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪ

invoke wsprintf, \

ADDR st2, \

ADDR ifmt, \

ebx

invoke MessageBox, \; ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ

NULL, \

addr st2, \

addr st1 \

MB_OK

invoke ExitProcess, 0

end _start; ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ

Ʉɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɩɨɩɚɪɧɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɸɬ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ (ɛɚɣɬɵ, 16- ɢɥɢ 32-ɪɚɡɪɹɞɧɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɫɨ ɡɧɚɤɨɦ) ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɟɪɚɧɞɨɜ. ȿɫɥɢ

ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɟɪɚɧɞɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ, ɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɟɪɚɧɞɚ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɦɢ; ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ, ɬɨ ɨɧ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɭɥɹɦɢ.

ɊȺɋKSSWB mm, mm/m64

ɊȺɋKSSDW mm, mm/m64

Ʉɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬ ɞɥɢɧɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ (16- ɢ 32-ɪɚɡɪɹɞɧɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɫɨ ɡɧɚɤɨɦ) ɜ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɟ (ɛɚɣɬɵ ɢɥɢ 16-ɪɚɡɪɹɞɧɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɫɨ ɡɧɚɤɨɦ). ȿɫɥɢ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɦɢ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɝɨ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɬɨ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɢ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɟɟ ɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚ.

MɈVD mm, mm/m32/ir32

Ʉɨɦɚɧɞɚ ɤɨɩɢɪɭɟɬ 32 ɛɢɬɚ MMX-ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚ ɢɡ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɨɜ, ɥɢɛɨ ɢɡ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ, ɥɢɛɨ ɢɡ ɰɟɥɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚ ɜ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɟ 32 ɪɚɡɪɹɞɚ MMX- ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚ (ɫɬɚɪɲɢɟ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɵ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɭɥɹɦɢ).

MɈVD m32/ir32, mm

Ʉɨɦɚɧɞɚ ɤɨɩɢɪɭɟɬ 32 ɛɢɬɚ MMX-ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚ ɢɡ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɨɜ ɜ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ, ɥɢɛɨ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪ.

MɈVQ mm, mm/m64

Ʉɨɦɚɧɞɚ ɩɟɪɟɫɵɥɤɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ MMX-ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪ.

MɈVQ mm/m64, mm

Ʉɨɦɚɧɞɚ ɩɟɪɟɫɵɥɤɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɡ MMX-ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚ.

18. Ɇɚɤɪɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɚɫɫɟɦɛɥɟɪɚ

Ɇɚɤɪɨɤɨɦɚɧɞɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɡɚɦɟɧɵ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ. ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɦɚɤɪɨɤɨɦɚɧɞ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɪɨɤ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɦɚɧɞ, ɢ ɩɪɢɜɹɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɤ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɭ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɜɫɬɚɜɤɢ. ɋɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɤɨɞɚ ɥɢɛɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɮɨɪɦɢɬɶ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɦɚɤɪɨɤɨɦɚɧɞ

ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɷɬɢ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɵ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɯ.

Ɇɚɤɪɨɤɨɦɚɧɞɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɭɸ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢɦɹ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɭɸ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɦɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɫɬɪɨɤɚɦɢ. ɂɦɹ ɦɚɤɪɨɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ. ɉɪɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɚɤɪɨɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɢ ɟɟ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɲɚɛɥɨɧɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɚɤɪɨɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ.

ɂɦɹ_ɦɚɤɪɨɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ mɚɫrɨ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ_ɮɨɪɦ_ɚɪɝɭɦ

Ɍɟɥɨ ɦɚɤɪɨɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ

endm

Ɍɪɢ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɤɪɨɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ:

1. ȼ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɞɨ ɫɟɝɦɟɧɬɚ ɤɨɞɚ ɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɟ ɭɯɭɞɲɚɬɶ ɱɢɬɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ. ɗɬɨɬ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɚɤɪɨɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ.

2. ȼ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɮɚɣɥɟ. ɗɬɨɬ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɧɚɞ ɧɟ- ɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɦɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɦɢ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɦɢ ɷɬɢ ɦɚɤɪɨɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɡɚɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɭ inɫlude.

Inɫlude ɢɦɹ_ɮɚɣɥɚ

3. ȼ ɦɚɤɪɨɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɟ. ȿɫɥɢ ɟɫɬɶ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɚɤɪɨɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ, ɬɨ ɢɯ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɡɚɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɜ ɦɚɤɪɨɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɭ. ɋɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɦɚɤɪɨɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ

ɢɡ ɦɚɤɪɨɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɜɫɟ ɬɨɣ ɠɟ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɵ inɫlude. ɇɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɤ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɢ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɝɨ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɣ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨ ɜɫɟ ɦɚɤɪɨɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ. Ⱦɥɹ ɢɫɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɭ ɪurge, ɜ

ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɧɞɨɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɡɚɩɹɬɭɸ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɢɦɟɧɚ ɦɚɤɪɨɤɨɦɚɧɞ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ.

Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɦɚɤɪɨɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɯɨɠɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ. ɋɯɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɢɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɢ ɬɟ, ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɨɞɢɧ ɪɚɡ ɨɩɢɫɚɬɶ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ. Ɉɬɥɢɱɢɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɬɚɤ ɢ

ɤɚɤ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ:

1. ȼ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ, ɬɟɤɫɬ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɧɟɢɡɦɟɧɟɧ, ɦɚɤɪɨɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟ-

ɧɢɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɦɚɤɪɨɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɧɚɛɨɪɨɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɨɩɟɪɚɧɞɵ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫɚɦɢ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ.

2. ɉɪɢ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɜɵɡɨɜɟ ɦɚɤɪɨɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɟɟ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɦɚɤɪɨɪɚɫɲɢɪɟ-

ɧɢɹ ɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ. ɉɪɢ

ɜɵɡɨɜɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɭ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɟɣɫɹ ɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɷɤɡɟɦɩɥɹɪɟ. Ʉɨɞ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɤɨɦɩɚɤɬɧɵɦ, ɯɨɬɹ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɜ.

Ɇɚɤɪɨɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɦɩɢɥɹɬɨɪɨɦ ɨɫɨɛɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ. Ⱦɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɨɟ ɦɚɤɪɨɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ, ɨɧɨ

ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɦɚɤ-

ɪɨɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ.

ɂɦɹ_ɦɚɤɪɨɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ_ɮɚɤɬ_ɚɪɝɭɦ

Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɦ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɨɤɚɦɢ ɢɡ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɬɟɥɚ ɦɚɤɪɨɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɦɚɤɪɨɤɨɦɚɧɞɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɦɚɤɪɨɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ. ɉɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɜ ɬɟɥɟ ɦɚɤɪɨɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɵ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɢɡ ɦɚɤɪɨɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ, ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɤɪɨɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɜ ɦɚɤɪɨɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɡɚɦɟɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɱɟɬ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɚ. ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɚɤɪɨɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɟɣ, ɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɚɤɪɨɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟ.

Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ, ɞɥɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ:

1. ɋɬɪɨɤɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɬɶ ɢɡ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ:

–

ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ ɛɟɡ ɩɪɨɛɟɥɨɜ, ɬɨɱɟɤ, ɡɚɩɹɬɵɯ, ɬɨɱɟɤ

ɫ ɡɚɩɹɬɨɣ;

–

ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɸɛɵɯ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ, ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɭɝɥɨɜɵɟ ɫɤɨɛɤɢ. ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɨɛɟɥɵ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɬɨɱɤɢ, ɡɚɩɹɬɵɟ ɢ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɫ ɡɚɩɹɬɵɦɢ.

2. Ⱦɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɢɦɜɨɥ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ,

ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɦ,

ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ «!». ɗɬɨɬ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɫɬɚɜɢɬɫɹ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɦ ɜɵɲɟ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɦ, ɢ ɟɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɸ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɚ ɜ ɭɝɥɨɜɵɟ ɫɤɨɛɤɢ.

3. ȿɫɥɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɵ-

ɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ, ɬɨ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɡɧɚɤ «%».

ɉɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɬɪɚɧɫɥɹɬɨɪ ɪɚɫɩɨɡɧɚɟɬ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɨ ɢɯ ɢɦɟɧɚɦ ɜ ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɤɟ ɦɚɤɪɨɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɦɚɤɪɨɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɢɥɹɬɨɪ ɚɫɫɟɦɛɥɟɪɚ ɢɳɟɬ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɬɟɥɚ ɦɚɤɪɨɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ, ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɫ ɬɟɦɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ, ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɬ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ. ɉɪɢ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɢ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪ ɢɡ ɬɟɥɚ ɦɚɤɪɨɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɦɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ ɢɡ ɦɚɤɪɨɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ. ɗɬɨɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɞɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɨɣ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ.

ɋɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɫ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɚ

ɂɦɹ_ɮɨɪɦ_ɚɪɝɭɦ [:ɬɢɩ]

Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɧɟ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɚɫɫɟɦɛɥɟɪ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɪɚɫɩɨɡɧɚɬɶ ɜ ɬɟɥɟ ɦɚɤɪɨɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬ. ɗɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɣɬɢ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɨɧ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪɚ. Ɍɨɝɞɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɨɬ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɚ «&». ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɦɚɤɪɨ- ɤɨɦɚɧɞɚ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɡ, ɬɨ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɦɚɤɪɨɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɡ, ɱɬɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɪɚɫɩɨɡɧɚɧɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɥɹɬɨɪɨɦ ɤɚɤ ɨɲɢɛɤɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɢɡ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɚ lɨɫɚl. ȿɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɡɚɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɡɚ ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɤɨɦ ɦɚɤɪɨɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɷɬɨɣ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɵ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɹ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɷɤɡɟɦɩɥɹɪɟ ɦɚɤɪɨɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ ɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɦɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɫɩɢɫɤɟ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɜ. ȼ ɬɟɥɟ ɦɚɤɪɨɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɚɬɶ ɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɢ ɢ ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ. ȿɫɥɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɧɟ ɨɞɧɭ, ɚ ɞɜɟ ɢɞɭɳɢɟ ɩɨɞɪɹɞ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɫ ɡɚɩɹɬɨɣ, ɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɦɚɤɪɨɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɬ ɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɣ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧ.

Ɇɚɤɪɨɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɵ

ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ

ɦɚɤɪɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɚɫɫɟɦɛɥɟɪɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɢɡ-

ɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɜ ɦɚɤɪɨɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ, ɧɨ ɢ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɚɛɨɪ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɬɪɨɤ ɢ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɢɯ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ɇɚɤɪɨɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɞɜɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ:

1. Ⱦɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɵ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɟɧɢɹ – ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɨɜ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɢɞɭɳɢɯ ɩɨɞɪɹɞ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɬɪɨɤ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɚɹ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɬɪɨɤ.

WHILE, REɊ

T, IRɊ, IRɊɋ

2. Ⱦɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɦ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɦɚɤɪɨɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ –

ɨɧɢ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɦ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɚɤɪɨɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ ɢɡ ɧɚɛɨɪɚ ɫɬɪɨɤ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɚɤɪɨɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ. ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɷɬɢɯ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɤɚɤ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ ɢɡ ɦɚɤɪɨɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜɨɜɫɟ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɢ.

EXITM GɈTɈ

Ⱦɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɵ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɢɥɹɰɢɢ

ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɞɜɚ ɬɢɩɚ ɷɬɢɯ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜ:

1. Ⱦɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɵ

ɤɨɦɩɢɥɹɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɸ – ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ

ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɦɚɤɪɨɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɷɬɨɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ.

2. Ⱦɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɵ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɨɲɢɛɨɤ ɩɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɸ – ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɸɬ ɯɨɞ ɝɟ- ɧɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɦɚɤɪɨɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɨɲɢɛɨɱɧɵɟ.

19. Ⱥɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɚ ɫɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɚ (ɱɚɫɬɶ 1)

ɋɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ, ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɜɨɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ. ȼ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɬɪɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ:

1. ȼɨɫɟɦɶ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ (r0-r7), ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɣ ɦɨ-

ɞɟɥɢ ɫɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɚ – ɫɬɟɤ ɫɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɚ. Ɋɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚ – ɜɨɫɟɦɶɞɟɫɹɬ ɛɢɬ. Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ, ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɨɜ.

Ɍɪɢ ɫɥɭɠɟɛɧɵɯ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚ:

–

ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɫɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɚ swr (Status Word Register – ɪɟ-

ɝɢɫɬɪ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ) – ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɫɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɚ. ȼ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɟ swr ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɹ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ: ɤɚɤɨɣ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɣ ɜɟɪɲɢɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɤɚ ɫɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɚ, ɤɚɤɢɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɥɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɣ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ;

–

ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪ ɫɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɚ cwr (ɋɨntrɨl Wɨrd Register –

ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ) – ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɪɟɠɢɦɚɦɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɚ. ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɨɥɟɣ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɣ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɦ ɨɤɪɭɝɥɟɧɢɹ, «ɦɚɫɤɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ» ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ;

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ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɬɟɝɨɜ twr (Tags Wɨrd Register – ɫɥɨɜɨ ɬɟɝɨɜ) – ɢɫ-

ɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ r0-r7. Ʉɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɫɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɷɬɨɬ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɷɬɢ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɵ.

3. Ⱦɜɚ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ dpr (Data Point Register) ɢ ɤɨ-

ɦɚɧɞ ipr (Instruɫtiɨn Ɋɨint Register) – ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɹ

ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨɛ ɚɞɪɟɫɟ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ, ɜɵɡɜɚɜɲɟɣ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸ, ɢ ɚɞɪɟɫɟ ɟɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɧɞɚ. ɗɬɢ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ.

ȼɫɟ ɷɬɢ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɵ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨ.

Ɋɟɝɢɫɬɪɨɜɵɣ ɫɬɟɤ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɭ ɤɨɥɶɰɚ. ɗɬɨ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɫɬɟɤ, ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɬɨɬ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɟɝɨ ɜɟɪɲɢɧɨɣ. ȼɫɟ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɵ ɫɬɟɤɚ, ɫ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ

ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ, ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵ ɢ ɪɚɜɧɨɩɪɚɜɧɵ. Ʉɚɤ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɜ ɫɬɟɤɟ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɟɪɲɢɧɚ. Ɉɧɚ ɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ, ɧɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɥɚɜɚɸɳɟɣ. Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɣ ɜɟɪɲɢɧɵ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɧɨ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɬɪɟɯɛɢɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ top ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚ swr. ȼ ɩɨɥɟ top ɮɢɤɫɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɨɦɟɪ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚ ɫɬɟɤɚ (r0-r7), ɹɜɥɹɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɣ ɜɟɪ- ɲɢɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɤɚ.

Ʉɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɫɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɚ ɧɟ ɨɩɟɪɢɪɭɸɬ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɧɨɦɟɪɚɦɢ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ ɫɬɟɤɚ. ȼɦɟɫɬɨ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɨɧɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɧɨɦɟɪɚ ɷɬɢɯ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ (st0-st7). ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɨɦɟɪɨɜ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɚɞɪɟɫɚɰɢɹ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ ɫɬɟɤɚ ɫɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɚ. ɉɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɫɬɟɤ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɜɟɪɲɢɧɵ ɞɜɢɠɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɦ ɧɨɦɟɪɚɦ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ (ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɭ). ȿɫɥɢ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɣ ɜɟɪɲɢɧɨɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ r0, ɬɨ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɬɟɤ ɫɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɚ ɟɝɨ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɣ ɜɟɪɲɢɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɧɟɬ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪ r7.

Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɝɢɛɤɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɧɟɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɢɜɹɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɩɨ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦ ɤ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɧɵɦ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦ (ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɧɨɦɟɪɚɦ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ ɫɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɚ). ɍɞɨɛɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɨɦɟɪɨɜ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ

Ʌɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɧɭɦɟɪɚɰɢɹ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ ɫɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɚ, ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɤɨɦɚɧɞ, ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬ ɷɬɭ ɢɞɟɸ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ, ɜ ɤɚɤɨɣ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪ ɫɬɟɤɚ ɫɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɚ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɜɵɡɨɜɨɦ ɩɨɞɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɜ ɫɬɟɤɟ. ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪ ɢ ɫɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪ, ɹɜɥɹɹɫɶ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɦɢ, ɦɨɝɭɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ. ɗɬɨɬ

ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɢɡɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɧɚɞ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ. Ɉɛɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɚ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɵ ɤ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɣ ɲɢɧɟ ɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɞɨɫɬɭɩ ɤ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ. ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɢɧɢɰɢɢɪɭɟɬ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɚ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɨɛɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɚ.

Ʌɸɛɚɹ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɚ ɫɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɤɨɞ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ, ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɩɹɬɶ ɛɢɬ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ 11011. Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɤɨɞ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɷɬɢɦɢ ɛɢɬɚɦɢ, ɬɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪ ɩɨ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦɭ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɨɦɭ ɤɨɞɚ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ, ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɥɢ ɷɬɚ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɚ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ

ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɞɪɟɫ ɨɩɟɪɚɧɞɚ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɤ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ, ɩɨɫɥɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɨɟ ɟɟ ɹɱɟɣɤɢ ɜɵɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɲɢɧɭ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ. ȿɫɥɢ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɧɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ, ɬɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɚɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɧɚɞ ɷɬɨɣ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɨɣ ɢ ɩɪɢɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɤ ɞɟɤɨɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɢɡ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɝɨ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ. ȼɵɛɪɚɧɧɚɹ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɚ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɟɬ

ɜ ɧɟɝɨ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɫ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɨɦ. ɋɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɜ ɩɨ ɩɟɪɜɵɦ ɩɹɬɢ ɛɢɬɚɦ, ɱɬɨ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɚɹ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɚ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬ ɟɝɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɤɨɦɚɧɞ, ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬ ɟɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ. ȿɫɥɢ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɚ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɧɞɨɜ ɜ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ, ɬɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɤ ɲɢɧɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɡɚ ɱɬɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɨɝɨ ɹɱɟɣɤɢ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɤ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɭ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɨɦ.

20. Ⱥɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɚ ɫɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɚ (ɱɚɫɬɶ 2)

ȿɫɥɢ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɨɬɨɤ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɡ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɤɨɦɚɧɞ ɫɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɚ, ɬɨ, ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪ, ɜ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɫɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɚ, ɩɪɨɣɞɟɬ ɢɯ ɝɨɪɚɡɞɨ ɛɵɫɬɪɟɟ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɚ. ɗɬɚ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɟ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬ ɤ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɞɜɭɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɨɜ. ȼ ɦɨɞɟɥɹɯ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɨɜ, ɧɚɱɢɧɚɹ

ɫ i486, ɩɨɞɨɛɧɚɹ ɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɚɦɢ wait/fwait, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚ ɤɨɦɚɧɞ ɫɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɚ.

ȼ ɨɛɳɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɫɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪ ɤɚɤ ɧɚɛɨɪ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ, ɞɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ.

Ɋɟɝɢɫɬɪ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ swr

Ɋɟɝɢɫɬɪ swr ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɣ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨ swr ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ:

1. ɒɟɫɬɢ ɮɥɚɝɨɜ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ.

2. Ȼɢɬɚ sf (Stɚɫk Fɚult) – ɨɲɢɛɤɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɬɟɤɚ ɫɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɚ. Ȼɢɬ

ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɭ, ɟɫɥɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɨɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɬɪɟɯ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ. IE (Invɚlid ɨɪerɚtiɨn Errɨr) – ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɹ. UE (Underflɨw Ɉɪerɚtiɨn) – ɨɲɢɛɤɚ ɚɧɬɢɩɟɪɟɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɦɚɥ. ɊE (Ɋreɫisiɨn Errɨr) – ɨɲɢɛɤɚ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ. ɍɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɫɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɭ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɨɤɪɭɝɥɹɬɶ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɟɝɨ ɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ.

3. Ȼɢɬɚ es (Error Summɚry) – ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɚɹ ɨɲɢɛɤɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨ-

ɪɚ. Ȼɢɬ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɭ, ɟɫɥɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɥɸɛɚɹ ɢɡ ɲɟɫɬɢ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ:

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IE (ɨɩɢɫɚɧɨ ɜɵɲɟ);

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UE (ɨɩɢɫɚɧɨ ɜɵɲɟ);

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ɊE (ɨɩɢɫɚɧɨ ɜɵɲɟ);

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DE (Denɨrmɚlized ɨɪerɚnd Errɨr) – ɞɟɧɨɪɦɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɨɩɟɪɚɧɞ;

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ZE (devide by Zerɨ Errɨr) – ɨɲɢɛɤɚ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɧɨɥɶ;

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ɈE (Ɉverflɨw Errɨr) – ɨɲɢɛɤɚ ɩɟɪɟɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ, ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ

ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɡɚ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɣ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ.

4. ɑɟɬɵɪɟɯ ɛɢɬɨɜ ɫ0-ɫ3 (Conditiɨn ɋɨde) – ɤɨɞɚ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ. ɇɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ

ɷɬɢɯ ɛɢɬɨɜ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨ ɮɥɚɝɚɦ ɜ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɟ eflags ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɚ – ɨɬɪɚɡɢɬɶ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɣ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɫɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɚ.

5. Ɍɪɟɯɛɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ top. ɉɨɥɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɣ

ɜɟɪɲɢɧɵ ɫɬɟɤɚ.

ɉɨɱɬɢ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɭ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚ swr ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɮɥɚɝɢ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ. ȼɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɪɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɢ ɞɟɥɹɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɧɵɟ (ɩɨ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɟ int) ɢ ɚɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɧɵɟ (ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɨɫɨɛɵɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɢ). Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɟɪɵɜɚɧɢɣ, ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɨ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɯ ɟɟ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ

. ɋɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɪɵɜɚɧɢɣ. ȼɫɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɟ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɤ ɲɟɫɬɢ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɦ ɜɵɲɟ ɬɢɩɚɦ. ɋɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪ ɭɦɟɟɬ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ. ɗɬɨ ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ. Ⱦɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ «ɡɚɤɚɡɚɬɶ» ɫɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɭ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ, ɟɝɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɡɚɦɚɫɤɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ. Ɍɚɤɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɫ

ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɜ ɟɞɢ-

ɧɢɰɭ ɛɢɬɚ ɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɦ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɚ cwr.

Ɋɟɝɢɫɬɪ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ cwr

Ɋɟɝɢɫɬɪ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ ɫɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ

ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ. Ɉɧ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ:

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ɲɟɫɬɢ ɦɚɫɨɤ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɣ;

–

ɩɨɥɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɪɫ (Precisiɨn ɋɨntrɨl);

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ɩɨɥɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɤɪɭɝɥɟɧɢɟɦ rc (Rounding ɋɨntrɨl).

ɒɟɫɬɶ ɦɚɫɨɤ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɫɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢ-

ɬɭɚɰɢɣ, ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɲɟɫɬɢ ɛɢɬɨɜ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚ swr. ȿɫɥɢ ɤɚɤɢɟ-ɥɢɛɨ ɛɢɬɵ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɟ ɫwr ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɭ, ɬɨ ɷɬɨ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɚɦɢɦ ɫɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɨɦ. ȿɫɥɢ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɤɨɝɨ-ɥɢɛɨ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦ ɛɢɬɟ ɦɚɫɨɤ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɣ

ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚ ɫwr ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ ɧɭ-

ɥɟɜɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ, ɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɢ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɨ ɩɪɟɪɵɜɚɧɢɟ. Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɱɢɤ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɪɵɜɚɧɢɹ.

ɉɨɥɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɪɫ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɞɥɢɧɵ

ɦɚɧɬɢɫɫɵ. ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɨɥɟ:

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ɪɫ = 00 – ɞɥɢɧɚ ɦɚɧɬɢɫɫɵ – 24 ɛɢɬɚ;

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