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. Data; ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ
buf db 30 dup (?)
stdout DWORD?
stdin DWORD?
cRead dd?
temp dd?
st1 db "Vvesty masiv:
st2 db "ȼɵɜɨɞ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɚɪɢɮɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ", 0
st3 db 10 dup (0)
sum dd 0
sum1 dd 0
mas1 dd 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9
const1 dd 100
_c dd 9
_cc dd 3
. Code; ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɤɨɞɚ
_start:
lea esi, mas1; ɡɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɚɞɪɟɫɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɚ
mov ecx, _c
m1:
mov ebx, ecx
invoke GetStdHandle, STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE
mov stdout, eax
invoke GetStdHandle, STD_INPUT_HANDLE
mov stdin, eax
invoke WriteConsoleA, stdout, ADDR st1, 14, NULL, NULL; VIVOD
ST1
invoke ReadConsole, stdin, ADDR buf, 20, ADDR cRead, NULL; ɱɬɟɧɢɟ
ɱɢɫɥɚ ɤɚɤ ɧɚɛɨɪɚ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ
invoke crt_atoi, ADDR buf; ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɢɦɜɨɥ ɜ ɱɢɫɥɨ
mov [esi],eax
add esi,4
mov ecx,ebx
loop m1
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
lea esi,mas1; ɡɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɚɞɪɟɫɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɚ
mov ecx,_c
finit
fld sum
m2:
fild dword ptr [esi]
51
faddp st (1),st
add esi,
loop m2
fild _c
fdiv
lea esi, mas1
mov ecx, _cc
fld sum1
m3: fild dword ptr [esi]
faddp st (1), st
add esi, 4
loop m3
fild _cc
fdiv
fdiv
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
invoke FpuFLtoA, 0, 10, ADDR st3, SRC1_FPU or SRC2_DIMM
invoke MessageBox, NULL, addr st3, addr st2, MB_OK
invoke ExitProcess, NULL;ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ Windows
; ɂ ɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ
end _start; ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɚ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɫ ɢɦɟɧɟɦ start
Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣ
Ⱦɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɫɨɫɥɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɟ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɟ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ,
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ – ɫɢɦɜɨɥ «.» ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ:
Ⱥɞɪɟɫɧɨɟ_ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ.ɢɦɹ_ɩɨɥɹ_ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ
Ⱥɞɪɟɫɧɨɟ_ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ – ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɢɥɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɤɨɛɤɚɯ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦɢ.
ɂɦɹ_ɩɨɥɹ_ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ – ɢɦɹ ɩɨɥɹ ɢɡ ɲɚɛɥɨɧɚ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ. ɗɬɨ ɬɨɠɟ
ɚɞɪɟɫ, ɚ, ɬɨɱɧɟɟ, ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɹ ɨɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ «ɬɨɱɤɚ» ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɬ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ.
(ɚɞɪɟɫɧɨɟ_ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ) + (ɢɦɹ_ɩɨɥɹ_ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ)
Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪɚɦ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ,
ɬɪɚɧɫɥɹɬɨɪ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɬɢɩɚ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɢɦɟɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɫ ɬɢɩɨɦ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɨɦ ɬɢɩɚ. ȿɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɜ ɛɚɣɬɚɯ, ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɦɵɣ ɩɨɥɹɦɢ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ. ɗɬɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɶ ɫ ɩɨɦɨ-
52
ɳɶɸ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ tyɪe. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɤɚɤ ɫɬɚɥ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɟɧ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɷɤɡɟɦɩɥɹɪɚ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ, ɧɟɫɥɨɠɧɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɚɰɢɸ ɜ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ.
Ɉɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ
əɡɵɤ ɚɫɫɟɦɛɥɟɪɚ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɢ ɬɢɩɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɢɩ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ – ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɬɪɚɤɬɨɜɚɬɶ
ɨɞɧɭ ɢ ɬɭ ɠɟ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɤɚɤ
ɢɦɟɸɳɭɸ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɬɢɩɵ ɢ ɢɦɟɧɚ. Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɧɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɟɬ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ: ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ
ɲɚɛɥɨɧ, ɚ ɜ ɧɟɦ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɢɦɟɧɚ ɢ ɬɢɩɵ ɩɨɥɟɣ.
ɂɦɹ_ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ UNIɈN
<ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɟɣ>
ɂɦɹ_ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ENDS
Ɉɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɨɬ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɬɢɩɚ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ. Ɉɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ
ɩɨ ɢɯ ɢɦɟɧɚɦ, ɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜɫɟ ɩɨɥɹ ɜ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɢ ɧɚɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɪɭɝ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɚ. Ɉɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɫ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ
ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɚ. ȼ ɢɯ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ.
include \masm32\include\windows.inc
include \masm32\include\kernel32.inc
includelib \masm32\lib\user32.lib
includelib \masm32\lib\kernel32.lib
BSIZE equ 40; ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɛɚɣɬɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɮɚɣɥ
. Data; ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ
fName BYTE "info_file.txt", 0; ɹɱɟɣɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɮɚɣɥɚ
fHandle DWORD?; Ɋɟɡɟɪɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ 32-ɪɚɡɪɹɞɧɨɣ ɹɱɟɣɤɢ ɫ
ɢɦɟɧɟɦ fHandle ɞɥɹ ɞɟɫɤɪɢɩɬɨɪɚ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ
ɮɚɣɥɨɜ
cWritten DWORD?; Ɋɟɡɟɪɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ 32-ɪɚɡɪɹɞɧɨɣ ɹɱɟɣɤɢ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɫ
ɢɦɟɧɟɦ cWritten ɞɥɹ ɚɞɪɟɫɚ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ
st1 db 'Ⱥɪɝɭɦɟɧɬ =', 0
st1_kol = $ - st1
st2 db 'Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ =', 0
st2_kol = $ - st2
st3 db 100 dup (0)
stemp db 3 dup (0)
stemp2 db 3 dup (0)
ifmt db "% d", 0
_x dw 1
53
_y dw 0
const40 dw 40
const10 dw 10
temp db 15
prom db 0
.Code; ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɫɟɝɦɟɧɬɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ
start:; ɦɟɬɤɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɫ ɢɦɟɧɟɦ start
mov eax, 0
mov ebx, 0
mov ecx, 0
mov edx, 0
lea edi, st3
lea esi, st1
mov ecx, st1_kol
m1:
mov al, [esi]
mov [edi], al
inc esi
inc edi
loop m1
m2:
mov ax, _x
mul const40
add ax, const10
mov _y, ax
. IF (_y> 512)
jmp _end
. ELSE
inc _x
jmp m2
. ENDIF
_end:
mov eax, 0
mov ax, _x
invoke wsprintf, \; API-ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɱɢɫɥɚ
ADDR stemp\; ɚɞɪɟɫ ɛɭɮɟɪɚ, ɤɭɞɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɡɚɩɢɫɚɧɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ
ADDR ifmt, \; ɚɞɪɟɫ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚ
54
eax; ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɨɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ
lea esi, stemp
mov ecx, 3
dec edi
z1:
mov al, [esi]
mov [edi], al
inc edi
inc esi
loop z1
mov al, 10
mov [edi], al
inc edi
mov al, 13
mov [edi], al
inc edi
lea esi, st2
mov ecx, st2_kol
m3:
mov al, [esi]
mov [edi], al
inc esi
inc edi
loop m3
dec edi
mov eax, 0
mov ax, _y
invoke wsprintf \; API-ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɱɢɫɥɚ
ADDR stemp2 \; ɚɞɪɟɫ ɛɭɮɮ, ɤɭɞɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɡɚɩɢɫɚɧɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ
ADDR ifmt, \; ɚɞɪɟɫ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚ
eax; ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɨɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ
lea esi, stemp2
mov ecx, 6
dec esi
z2:
mov al, [esi]
mov [edi], al
inc edi
55
inc esi
loop z2
invoke CreateFile, ADDR fName,; ɚɞɪɟɫ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɮɚɣɥɚ ɫ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɚɦɢ
GENERIC_WRITE, \; ɡɚɩɢɫɶ ɜ ɮɚɣɥ
0, NULL,; ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɦɧɨɝɨɡɚɞɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ
CREATE_ALWAYS; ɭɧɢɱɬɨɠɢɬɶ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɧɨɜɵɣ ɮɚɣɥ
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ARCHIVE, 0
mov fHandle, eax; ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɟɫɤɪɢɩɬɨɪɚ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ
invoke WriteFile, fHandle,; ɞɟɫɤɪɢɩɬɨɪ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ
ADDR st3,;ɚɞɪɟɫ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ, ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɸɳɢɣ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɵ
BSIZE,, Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ
ADDR cWritten,; ɚɞɪɟɫ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ,ɝɞɟ ɯɪɚɧɢɬɫɹ ɱɢɫɥɨ
NULL; ɡɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɮɚɣɥ ɫɢɦɜɨɥ_ɜ
invoke CloseHandle,fHandle; ɞɟɫɤɪɢɩɬɨɪ ɮɚɣɥɚ
invoke ExitProcess,0 ; ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ Windows
; ɂ ɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ
end start; ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɚ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɫ ɢɦɟɧɟɦ start
Ɂɚɩɢɫɢ
Ɂɚɩɢɫɶ – ɷɬɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɬɢɩ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɢɡ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɱɢɫɥɚ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɞɥɢɧɨɣ ɨɬ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɞɨ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɛɢɬ. ɉɪɢ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɢ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɟɝɨ ɞɥɢɧɭ ɜ ɛɢɬɚɯ ɢ (ɧɟɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ) ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ. Ɉɛɳɢɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɭɦɦɨɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜ ɟɟ ɩɨɥɟɣ ɢ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ 8, 16 ɢɥɢ 32 ɛɢɬ. ȿɫɥɢ
ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɵɣ
ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ, ɬɨ ɜɫɟ ɩɨɥɹ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ «ɩɪɢɠɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ» ɤ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɦ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɚɦ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɡɚɩɢɫɟɣ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɬɚɤ
ɠɟ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɨ ɜ ɬɪɢ ɷɬɚɩɚ:
1. Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɲɚɛɥɨɧɚ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɛɨɪɚ ɛɢɬɨɜɵɯ ɩɨ-
ɥɟɣ ɢɯ ɞɥɢɧ, ɢ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɨɥɟɣ.
2. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɤɡɟɦɩɥɹɪɚ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ. Ʉɚɤ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ, ɷɬɨɬ ɷɬɚɩ ɩɨɞ-
ɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɟɬ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ-ɬɢɩɨɦ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɲɚɛɥɨɧɚ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ.
3. Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ.
Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ
Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ_ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɩɢɫɚ-
ɧɢɣ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɲɚɛɥɨɧɚ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɭɸ ɫ ɬɢɩɨɦ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ, ɫ ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɚɹ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ.
ɂɦɹ_ɡɚɩɢɫɢ REɋɈRD <ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ>
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12. Ɇɨɞɭɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ (ɱɚɫɬɶ 1)
Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɧɚ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɚɫɫɟɦɛɥɟɪɚ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɯ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨɫɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ.
Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Ʉ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦɭ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɠɢɡɧɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɦɢ
ɨɤɚɡɚɥɢɫɶ ɞɜɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ: ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɧɨ-ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ.
ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɜɟɪɫɢɢ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɚɫɫɟɦɛɥɟɪɚ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɬ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɧɨɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
, ɧɨ ɟɝɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɫɥɨɠɧɚ.
Ɍɢɩɢɱɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɧɚ ɚɫɫɟɦɛɥɟɪɟ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɹɸɬ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ⱦɥɹ
ɦɢɤɪɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɚ Intel ɷɬɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɧɨɦ
ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɟɝɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɦɚɧɞ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ.
ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ – ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ,
ɛɚɡɢɪɭɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɦ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɟ ɤ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɭ, ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɭ ɷɬɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ:
1. ɋɥɨɠɧɚɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɪɚɡɛɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɦɟɥɤɢɟ, ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɥɭɱ-
ɲɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ. Ʉɚɠɞɚɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɨɞɢɧ ɜɯɨɞ ɢ ɨɞɢɧ ɜɵɯɨɞ. ȼ
ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɩɨɬɨɤ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɵɯ ɩɨɞɡɚɞɚɱ ɫ ɹɫɧɵɦ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ.
2. ɉɪɨɫɬɨɬɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɡɚɞɚɱɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ. Ʌɨɝɢɱɟ-
ɫɤɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɬɶ ɢɡ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɯ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ.
3. Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɷɬɚɩɧɨ. ɇɚ ɤɚɠ-
ɞɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɪɟɲɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɱɟɬɤɨ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɫ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɦ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɦ ɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɨɥɢ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ
ɡɚɞɚɱɢ. ȿɫɥɢ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɨ, ɬɨ ɷɬɨ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɷɬɚɩ
ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɜɟɥɢɤ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɵɟ ɲɚɝɢ.
Ɇɨɞɭɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ
ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ.
Ʉɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹ ɦɨɞɭɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
1. Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɞɟɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ – ɪɚɡɛɢɟɧɢɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ
ɧɚ ɪɹɞ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɦɟɥɤɢɯ, ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ.
2. Ɇɨɞɭɥɶ – ɨɫɧɨɜɚ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ ɦɨɞɭɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ʉɚɠ-
ɞɵɣ ɦɨɞɭɥɶ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɱɟɪɧɵɣ ɹɳɢɤ ɫ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɜɯɨɞɨɦ ɢ ɨɞɧɢɦ
ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ. Ɇɨɞɭɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɛɟɡɛɨɥɟɡɧɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɟɟ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɭɩɪɨɳɚɟɬ ɟɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠ-
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ɞɟɧɢɟ. Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɨɞɭɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɱɚɫɬɢ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɚɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɨɫɥɟ ɱɟɝɨ
ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɨɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɬɶ ɢɯ ɜ ɟɞɢɧɵɣ ɡɚɝɪɭɡɨɱɧɵɣ
ɦɨɞɭɥɶ.
3. Ɋɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɦɢ ɢ ɹɫɧɵɦɢ. ȿɫɥɢ
ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ ɧɟɩɨɧɹɬɧɨ, ɬɨ ɷɬɨ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɞɟɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɚ
.
4. ɇɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɨ ɫ
ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɟɜ ɩɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɢɯ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ.
5. ɂɫɯɨɞɧɵɣ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɨɤ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɨɬɪɚ-
ɠɟɧɵ ɤɚɤ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ. ɗɬɨɬ ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɨɤ
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɡɜɚɬɶ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɹɦ ɩɨɦɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ: ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ,
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ, ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɱɢɤɟ
ɞɥɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɚɜ.
6. ȼ ɯɨɞɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶ-
ɧɵɟ ɛɥɨɤɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ, ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɸ ɧɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɯ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ. ɗɬɨɬ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ «ɬɭɩɢɤɨɜɵɯ» ɜɟɬɜɟɣ ɜ
ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ, ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ «ɜɢɫɧɟɬ» ɢ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɚɟɬ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɵ. ɇɟɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɤ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɨɲɢɛɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ
ɢɥɢ ɤ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɸ ɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɟɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤ ɚɫɫɟɦɛɥɟɪɭ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɮɨɪɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ-
ɡɚɰɢɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ, ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ:
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ɦɚɤɪɨɩɨɞɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɣ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ, ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ. ɗɬɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɵ,
ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɜ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɦɚɤɪɨɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɢ;
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ɩɨɞɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ (ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪ), ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɚɫɫɟɦɛɥɟɪɟ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨ
ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɜ ɨɞɧɭ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ. ȼ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɦɚɤɪɨɤɨɦɚɧɞ, ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ
ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ;
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ɩɨɞɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ, ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɚɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɟɞɢɧɵɣ ɦɨɞɭɥɶ ɧɚ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɨɜɤɢ. ɗɬɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɭɧɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɭ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ, ɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɵɦ ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɹɦ ɩɨ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɟ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɟɞɢɧɵɦ ɫɯɟɦɚɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɧɚ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ;
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ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɵɡɨɜɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ ɢ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤ «*.dll» ɞɥɹ Ɉɋ Windɨws.
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Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ:
1. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɳɢɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨ-ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɧɵɯ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɚ ɞɥɹ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ.
2. ɍɧɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɚ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɡɨɜɟ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ. ɍɧɢ-
ɮɢɤɚɰɢɸ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ
ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɢɥɹɬɨɪɚ.
3. ɍɧɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɚ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɡ
ɦɨɞɭɥɹ.
ɉɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ ɜ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɚɫɫɟɦɛɥɟɪɚ
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪ ɤɚɤ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɫɩɟ-
ɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɵ.
ɊRɈɋ/ENDɊ
ɦɚɲɢɧɧɚɹ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɚ
RET
ɉɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɦɚɤɪɨɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ, ɰɟɧɧɵ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ
ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ ɥɸɛɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ. ɉɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚɦ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ, ɤɚɤ ɢ
ɦɚɤɪɨɤɨɦɚɧɞɚɦ, ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɧɵ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɵ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ, ɢɦɟɹ
ɨɞɧɭ ɤɨɩɢɸ ɤɨɞɚ ɜ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ, ɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɟɟ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ
ɫɥɭɱɚɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ:
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ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ (ɞɨ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɨɣ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ);
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ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ (ɩɨɫɥɟ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ, ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɸɳɟɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ);
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ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ – «ɬɟɥɨ» ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ
ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ ɢɥɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɨɛɯɨɞ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɛɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ jmɪ;
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ɜ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ ɦɨɞɭɥɟ.
Ƚɥɚɜɧɨɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ
ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɧɢ ɧɟ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɥɢ ɫ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ.
13. Ɇɨɞɭɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ (ɱɚɫɬɶ 2)
Ɉɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɨɞɭɥɶ – ɷɬɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ, ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɧɟ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɫɨ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ ɢ ɧɚɨɛɨɪɨɬ.
Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɦɨɞɭɥɶ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ, ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɬɪɚɧɫɥɹɬɨɪ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ
ɜɢɞɢɦɵɦ ɜɧɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ. ɗɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɟɦɭ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɦɚɲɢɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ. ɇɚ ɷɬɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɨɜɳɢɤɢ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɭɬ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɭ
ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɬ ɜɫɟ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɟ ɫɫɵɥɤɢ ɜ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɦɨɞɭɥɹɯ.
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Ⱦɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɛɴɹɜɢɬɶ ɨ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ ɜɢɞɢɦɵɯ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɨɛɴ-
d
ɟɤɬɚɯ, ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɜɟ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɵ.
extrn ɢɦɹ: ɬɢɩ,…, ɢɦɹ:ɬɢɩ
ɪubliɫ ɢɦɹ,…, ɢɦɹ
Ⱦɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɚ extrn ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɢɦɟɧɢ
ɜɧɟɲɧɢɦ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɞɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɦɨɞɭɥɸ. Ⱦɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɚ ɪubliɫ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɢɦɟɧɢ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɦɨɞɭɥɟ ɢ
ɜɢɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɦɨɞɭɥɹɯ. ȼ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɫɟ ɢɦɹ – ɷɬɨ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ ɦɨɞɭɥɟ. ȼ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ
ɢɦɟɧɚ:
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ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɚɦɢ db, dw;
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ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪ;
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ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚɦɢ = ɢ equ.
Ɍɢɩ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɬɢɩ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪɚ. ɍɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɬɢɩɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɬɪɚɧɫɥɹɬɨɪ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɥ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸ ɦɚɲɢɧɧɭɸ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɭ. Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɚɞɪɟɫɚ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɸɬ ɧɚ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɵ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɟ ɫɫɵɥɤɢ. ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɢɩɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɦɢ ɬɢɩɚɦɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜ (ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ 3).
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 3 – ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɢɩɚ
ɂɦɹ – ɷɬɨ…
ɢɦɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ
ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
Byte, wɨrd, dwɨrd, ɪwɨrd, fwɨrd,
qwɨr
, tbyte
ɢɦɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ Neɚr, fɚr
ɢɦɹ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɵ ɚbs
Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɚ ɫ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɨɣ
Ⱥɪɝɭɦɟɧɬ – ɷɬɨ ɫɫɵɥɤɚ ɧɚ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɦɨɞɭɥɶ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɧɟ ɟɝɨ. ɉɨ
ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɢ ɫ ɦɚɤɪɨɤɨɦɚɧɞɚɦɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ. Ɏɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬ – ɷɬɨ «ɦɟɫɬɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶ» ɞɥɹ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɩɨɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɚ. Ɏɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬ –
ɷɬɨ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚ-
ɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɚ. ɉɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ – ɷɬɨ ɧɟɱɬɨ, ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɧɨɟ ɜ ɹɱɟɣɤɟ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɟ, ɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɬɶɫɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ. Ʉɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚ – ɷɬɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ, ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɢɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɦɨɞɭɥɶ:
1) ɱɟɪɟɡ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɵ;
2) ɱɟɪɟɡ ɨɛɳɭɸ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ;
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