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Файл:Theory of phonetics. Лабораторные работы по курсу «Теоретическая фонетика английского языка»
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7. Circle the words that end with a plosive
beachsauseclimbwritesonglistlamblogbombgood
8. Circle the words that begin and end with a fricative
breathehushfaithscrapechoosetoughrougethroughphrase
9. Circle the words in which the fricative in the middle is voiced
easycousinfatherbusesbuzzinglistenraisedfeatheressay
10. Circle the words that end with a velar consonant
bignicegnomeluckhousesongpilldeskgclownleg
11. Circle the words that end with a back vowel
BluebarbeebananaBettybizzarbusybore
12. Analyse the following data listing separately words or phrases which could contain:
1.aspiratedvoicelessplosives(ortheaspirationprocess)
2.unaspiratedvoicelessplosives
3.voicelessplosiveswhichcouldhaveglottalreinforcement
Indicate the sound or sounds affected by either transcribing them
or underlining.
ThemostinterestingandbizarretimeoftheyeartovisitBathis
duringBiteFestival.ThisisneitherinAugust,norinSeptember.For
somereason,whichnobodyknows,‘BiteFestival’isthenamegiven
totheeventthattakesplaceduringthelasttwoweeksinJuly,whichis
notatallaseasonofcrops.
Theparadox ispleasantly quaint,butalsoin away apt.Bite
Festival denotes not so much a particular period of time as the
generalatmosphereofrelaxation andunwindinginthemiddle of
thesummer.
Everything as far as possible has to be connected with provisions—parties,picnicsintheparks,concerts,andplays.BiteFestival
seemsalmostlikeasuperbcelebrationoffoodanddrinks.
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13. Complete the table
Bilabial
Labiodental
Dental
Alveolar
Post alveolar
Palato-alveolar
Palatal
Velar
Glottal
Labial-velar
14. Look at Figure 2. Provide consonant sounds for every marked
place of articulation
1__________________________ 6________________________
2__________________________ 7________________________
3__________________________ 8________________________
4__________________________ 9________________________
5___________________________ 10______________________
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15. Give the phonetic symbol for the consonant sound corresponding to the ones in bold type. Indicate whether the sound is
voiced or voiceless
lau // voiced voiceless
eese // voiced voiceless
an // voiced voiceless
sink // voiced voiceless
elt // voiced voiceless
posse // voiced voiceless
boer // voiced voiceless
ife // voiced voiceless
breay // voiced voiceless
pleaure // voiced voiceless
16. Using the pairs of words given below compare the two vowels
in terms of front (f) — central (c) — back (b)
1)leftarm__________________ 5)rstscheme_______________
2)bluedress________________ 6)hotsoup__________________
3)tallman__________________ 7)hardnut__________________
4)bigboss__________________ 8)goodluck________________
17. In each of the following pairs of words, show which word
has a higher vowel
1)leftarm 5)rstscheme
2)bluedress 6)hotsoup
3)tallman 7)hardnut
4)bigboss 8)goodluck
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18. Indicate all the examples of schwa in the following text
Thelecturewastotakeplaceontheterraceofsomeone’shouse.
Chairs had beenplaced in rows and atthe sides there were tables,
coveredwithcheckedtablecloths,fromwhichcoffeeandsandwiches
wereserved.Itwassunsettime,butitwasquitewarm;theseasonwas
changing,soonnowitwouldbesummeragain.Theskyglowedwith
alargepatchoforangeagainstwhich roofsandthetopsof thetrees
werecutoutinblack.
19. Circle the words that have a diphthong
Dianabangedthepalmsofherhandsonthesteeringwheel.Has
shemade thewrong decision?She glancedupat herrear-view mirror.Hadhegivenup?Ofcoursehehadn’t.ThebackofaLandRover
loomedupin frontofher.Dianasloweddown, waitingforacorner
sheknewwell.Wheretheroadwidenedslightly,sheheldherbreath,
crashedintothirdgear,andovertook.
20. Write down in 2 columns the following words: down, their,
period, slow, pint, poor, about, crime, change, exploit, obtain, material, relate, stout
centring diphthongs closing diphthongs
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1. Looking at the IPA chart, decide whether the following statements are true or false
1) Themaingridcontainsbothconsonantandvowelsounds.
2) All theconsonantsin themaingrid aremadeusing airfrom
thelungs.
3) Inthemaingridtheverticalaxiscoversthemannerofarticulationforallsoundsmadewiththeegressivepulmonicairstream.
4) Soudslike theclicks(the‘kissing’sound,the ‘tut-tut’ sound,
etc.)aremadeusingotherairthanairfromthelungs.
5) The vowel diagram contains the vowel symbols forthe descriptionofmonophthongsonly.
6) Lookingcarefully atthevowel displayonthe IPAchart, you
willnd thatwherever thereisa pairof symbols,theleft-hand one
representsaroundedvowel.
7) Belowthe maingridon therightare thesymbolsneeded for
thedescriptionofTonesandIntonation.
8) Diacritic marksare smallsymbols whichadd furthercharacteristicstotheinformationinthemainorprimarysymbolwithwhich
theyassociate.
9) Aspecial partifthe IPArepresents thesymbolswith double
articulation,lesscommonsoundsandinformationabouthowtosymbolizeaffricates.
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2. Look through the consonant symbols on the chart and nd the
place of articulation for each of the following sounds
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
/g/
/T/
/¶/
/l/
/s/
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
/m/
/r/
/j/
/v/
/Î/
(If the symbol is not in the main grid, you may have to look else-
where on the chart to see if you are given any information that helps).
3. Determine the manner of articulation for each of the sounds
in Task 2.
4. List the symbols for the following subsets of the English vowel
system:
1)closevowels
2)midcentralvowels
3)openbackvowels
5. Working with the IPA supply a phonetic symbol corresponding to each of the following labels
1)voicelessdentalfricative______________________________
2)voicedalveolarnasal_________________________________
3)voicedbilabialimplosive______________________________
4)voicelessdentalclick________________________________
5)voicedpalatalizedalveolarlateralapproximant____________
6)longbackcloseroundedvowel_________________________
7)nasalizedfrontcloseroundedvowel_____________________
8)voicelessaspiratedbilabialplosive______________________
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6. Some boxes in the main grid are left empty. This is because
although it is possible to make the sounds that would occur at such
points, they have never been attested in any natural language —
there has therefore never been a need for a symbol. For each of the
following, check whether or not there are possible articulations. If
they are posssible, suggest a suitable symbol
1.labializedvoicelesspalatalfricative
2.voiceduvularlateral
3.nasalizedlongclosefrontroundedvowel
4.centralizedfrontclose-midunroundedvowel
5.ejectivevoicedvelarplosive
6.voicedbilabiallateralfricativeapproximant
7.backcloseopen-midroundedvowel
7. Complete the summary using words from the box
a)intonationd)doubleg)vowel
b)tonee)maingridh)consonant
c)diacriticsf)transcribe
TheIPAchartcontainsallthebasictoolsneededto1)___________
speech sounds: 2) _____________ symbols for primary or basic articulations in the 3) _______ _________, additional symbols
(which do not t the grid, like 4) ______________ articulations),
5) ________________ to modify all the basic symbols (vowels
and consonants), 6) ________________ symbols, symbols for the
7)______________and
8)_________________.
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1. State what cases of assimilation (regressive, progressive, reciprocal (or double) can be observed in rapid, colloquial style in the
following examples
lightbeige
dartboard
lunchscore
redballoon
eightgirls
eightboys
bannedforlife
pancake
good-bye
twice
inthemorning
attheseminar
inParis
GreatBritain
won’tcome
downbylaw
2. Transcribe and read the examples below, observe the elision of /t, d/, preceded by nasals, stops, fricatives
stringedmusical
closeddoors
wastepaper
instrument
[_______________]
hair-brainedscheme
[_______________]
slammedthedoor
[_______________]
[_____________]
dubbedlm
[______________]
breatheddeeply
[______________]
[_____________]
bathedthebaby
[_____________]
leftbreakfast
[_____________]
mintchocolate
[_______________]
buggedtelephone
[______________]
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lostbook
[_____________]
3. Transcribe the words below. Single out the vowels that may be
elided in these words
buffalo
__________
parliament
__________
reasonable
__________
tomato
__________
naturally
__________
phonetically
__________
temporary
__________
nursery
__________
poleceman
__________
Edinburgh
__________
machine
__________
history
__________
several
__________
comfortable
__________
interesting
__________
government
__________
4. Transcribe the words below. Single out the consonants that
may be elided in these words
postman landscape
lastSunday Humpty-Dumpty
handbag punctual
5. Arrange the words under the headings: 1) lateral plosion,
2) nasal plosion, 3) loss of plosion.
Needle, Britain, begged, at last, what, madness, little, garden,
cotton,greatnumber,topcoat,kettle,redlight,partner,atnight,ripe
cheese.
Lateralplosion Nasalplosion Lossofplosion
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1. Give syllabic structural patterns of the following English
words. Characterize them from the viewpoint of their structure: fully
open, fully closed, initially covered, nally covered
top stay
rhythm ought
plan act
shriek students
dew brands
2. Dene the number of syllables according to the sonority theory
alone yesterday
female aristocracy
unfortunate remarkable
insufcient satisfactory
machine wonderful
3. Study the pairs of words, translate them and comment on the
semantic importance of word stress
`black`bird —`blackbird_________________________
`blue`cap —`bluecap__________________________
`black`shirt —`blackshirt_________________________
`over`work —`overwork_________________________
`heavy`weight —`heavyweight______________________
`tall`boy —`tallboy___________________________
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