Добавил:
ivanov666
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:Emergencies and Communication at Sea. Учебное пособие для СПО
.pdf
21
UNIT III. FIRE ON BOARD
Firefighting and drills
1. Learn the following phrases from IMO.
Fire on board!
Smoke / fire / explosion in engine room.
Smoke / fire / explosion in no … hold(s)/tank(s).
Smoke / fire / explosion in superstructure.
Smoke / fire / explosion in accommodation.
Smoke / fire / explosion in … space/area.
Smoke / fire / explosion on deck.
Smoke from ventilator(s).
Burnt smell in … / from … .
Report injured persons:
No person injured.
Number of injured persons/casualties: … .
What is on fire?
Fuel on fire.
Cargo on fire.
Car(s)/truck(s) / wagon(s) on fire.
Containers / … (with dangerous goods) on fire.
… on fire. .3 .6 No information.
Is smoke toxic?
No, smoke not toxic.
Yes, smoke toxic
Is fire under control?
Yes, fire (in …) under control.
No, fire (in …) not under control (yet).
No, fire spreading (to …).
No, fire (in …) not accessible.
What is damage?
No damage.
Minor / major damage in …/ to … .
No power supply (in …).
Making water in … .
22
2. Read, translate and remember simple rules to prevent fire.
Fire Prevention and Fire Fighting
Fire aboard ship is a danger, which should be constantly guarded against.
Everybody on board ship must remember that a fire prevented is better than a fire
occurring. Some very simple rules are useful to prevent fire in your accommodation:
1. Keep compartment clean and ventilated.
2. Carefully maintain gas and fuel installation.
3. Maintain electrical equipment in perfect order. Don't overload current
network with additional heaters, lamps.
4. Cigarette ends thrown overboard may be blow back aboard or onto another
vessel and produce fire.
5. Smoking in bunk before retiring is dangerous because a cigarette falling into
the bed clothes can cause fire in your cabin or smoke poisoning.
To be prepared for fire keep firefighting equipment in good order. Put
extinguishers in a proper place easy to reach in case of emergency.
3. Read, translate the text and explain the highlighted words.
Of all disasters that can happen to a vessel at sea, fire is one of the most
devastating. Marine fire incidents are very destructive and have been responsible for
the loss of many lives. Ship fires are second only to shipwrecks when calculating
causalities and total loss.
It can often be a single careless act that endangers the lives of all the crew,
that is why every member of the crew has a part to play in preventing fires. This
applies not only to fire-fighting methods. There are a number of precautions crew
23
members can take on a day-to-day basis to make the ship a safer place and prevent
the break-out of fires. The main danger spots are machinery, galleys,
accommodation and cargo spaces.
Careless smoking is a common cause of fire on ships. Always put out
cigarettes completely. Smoking and non-smoking areas must be clearly defined.
Comply with no-smoking signs. No one should be allowed to smoke in a ship's hold
or the engine-room. Cleanliness is important in all parts of the ship. Do not allow
flammable waste to pile up or accumulate. This is a special risk in the engine room,
where heated parts of the engine may give off sparks igniting surrounding materials
and where dirt, grease, rags and cotton waste might easily self-ignite, if they come in
contact with each other.
Keep oil away from hot surfaces which might ignite it — check that all feed
pipes and joints are in good condition. Be careful when pumping oil to ready-use
tanks — avid spillage or overflow which could lead to fire.
4. Agree or disagree to the following statements.
If the statement is true you say “I quite agree with you” and repeat the right
sentence, if the statement is false, you say “Sorry, I can’t agree with you” and suggest
the right sentence.
1. Everyone dreams about the fire on board a ship.
2. Everyone can be sure that there will be no fire on board a ship.
3. If the ship uses water surrounding it to extinguish the fire, it will sink.
5. Match the words from column A with the words from column B:
1) human 1) rags
2) garbage 2) atmosphere
3) foam 3) cigarette
4) unquenched 4) combustion
5) crew 5) assistance
6) oily 6) wastes
7) cotton 7) member
8) thermoplastic 8) bin
9) self-heating 9) bacteria
10) humid 10) extinguisher
24
6. Study Fireman's Outfit according to the SOLAS Regulation Chapter II
Regulation 17.
A fireman's outfit consists of a set of personal equipment and a breathing
apparatus:
• personal equipment. It consists of:
- protective clothing of material to protect from heat, fire, burns and scalding
by steam. The outer surface shall be water-resistant;
- electrically non-conducting material Rubber Boots and gloves;
- a rigid helmet;
- an electric safety lamp, capacity 3 hr;
- an axe;
• breathing apparatus:
- a self-contained compressed air-operated breathing apparatus capacity 1 200 l,
or at least 30 min;
- all air cylinders for breathing apparatus shall be interchangeable;
• lifeline:
- a fireproof lifeline of at least 30 m in length shall be provided for each
breathing apparatus;
- strength of statical load of 3.5 kN for 5 min without failure;
- lifeline attached by means of a snap-hook to the harness of the apparatus.
7. Read, translate and remember.
Components of Fireman’s Outfits
A complete fireman’s outfit typically includes several key components
designed to provide comprehensive protection:
Protective Clothing: Made from flame-resistant materials, these garments
shield the wearer from heat and flames. The outer layer is often water-resistant to
protect against steam burns.
Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA): This device provides
breathable air in smoke-filled environments. According to SOLAS regulations,
SCBAs must have a minimum air volume of 1 200 litres and support at least
30 minutes of use.
Fireman Helmet: Constructed from heat-resistant materials, helmets protect
against impacts and thermal hazards. They often feature visors for eye protection
against sparks and debris.
25
Fire Boots: These are typically made from rubber or other non-conductive
materials to prevent electric shock while providing thermal insulation.
Fire Gloves: Designed to protect hands from heat and sharp objects, gloves are
made from durable materials that resist flames and cuts.
Electric Safety Lamp: A portable lamp is essential for visibility in smokefilled environments. It should have a minimum burn time of three hours.
Fire Axe: An insulated axe is included for breaking through barriers or
clearing debris during firefighting operations.
Fireproof Lifeline: This rope is used to secure firefighters in hazardous areas,
preventing them from becoming disoriented or lost.
Safety Belt: A belt is used for carrying auxiliary equipment such as axes and lamps.
8. Study classes of fire on board a ship and types of extinguishers:
Class A: fires involving ordinary combustibles such as wood, paper, and fabric.
Class B: fires fueled by flammable liquids like oil, gasoline, and diesel.
Class C: fires originating from electrical equipment and appliances.
Class D: fires involving combustible metals such as magnesium and titanium.
Class F: fires caused by cooking oils and fats.
Types of extinguishers:
26
CO2 and dry powder extinguishers are crucial in suppressing flammable liquid
and electrical fires common in engine rooms.
Water mist and foam extinguishers suit Class A fires in living quarters, public
spaces, or accommodation areas.
Wet chemical extinguishers are indispensable in combating fires involving
cooking oils and fats.
Principles of extinguishing:
Dry powder: forms a blanket over the fire, isolating it from oxygen and
preventing re-ignition.
CO2: displaces oxygen, thus removing the oxygen element of the fire triangle.
The CO2 discharge is also cold, which cools the fuel to some extent.
Water: reduces heat by soaking the burning material, thus removing the heat
component.
UNIT IV. MAN OVERBOARD
1. Read and translate the text.
“MAN OVERBOARD!” is one of the worst alarms to hear while underway.
Clear thinking and decisive action is of primary importance when a person falls
overboard. Even the best swimmers can become disoriented when unexpectedly
falling into the water. Prolonged exposure to rough seas or cold weather can quickly
weaken a swimmer.
If a person enters the water unexpectedly, the crew member who first sees that
someone has fallen overboard should follow these procedures:
• Spread the alarm in a loud voice by repeatedly calling out, “MAN
OVERBOARD!” It is also very important to shout out the location the person fell
overboard. For example, if the person fell over the starboard side, the alarm should be,
“MAN OVERBOARD, STARBOARD SIDE!”
• Throw a ring buoy (or anything that floats) over the side as quickly as
possible.
• Maintain sight of and continuously point to the individual in the water while
carefully moving to a position that the boat operator will be able to see them from.
Once the alarm has been sounded, the boat operator has several steps to
complete in order to successfully recover the person in the water. Though a quick
recovery is preferred, at times it is better to slow down, assess the situation, and
ensure everything is done properly the first time. Not every Man Overboard recovery
27
is the same. It is always better to make a correct approach slowly and recover the
person on the first attempt rather than an incorrect fast approach resulting in the need
for a second try.
There is no single correct order in which the following steps should be taken.
Everything depends on the situation at hand. Starting a turn to maneuver back to the
person in the water is a common first step, but if boat traffic in the area is heavy,
turning the vessel might endanger others. Each step is important in its own way and
needs to be conducted to ensure a successful recovery.
2. Write five questions to the text.
3. Read the text about the incident and answer the question
What went wrong?
The crew were preparing to embark the pilot and were lowering the pilot ladder
to sea level as part of a combination arrangement. The accommodation ladder was
already in position. During lowering, the pile of the pilot ladder on deck ran over the
ship’s side in an uncontrolled manner. The Bosun was holding the ladder steps at this
time and was pulled along with the ladder over the ship side. The Bosun fell 4 meters
from the deck on to the accommodation ladder platform below. Immediate first aid
was given to the Bosun who was then sent ashore for hospital treatment.
UNIT V. LIFEBOAT DRILLS
1. Read and translate the text.
During lifeboat drills every crewmember has to carry out certain actions. These
actions are described in the master list and special notice boards available in all
crewmembers’ cabins.
The lifeboat drill includes three stages:
- lowering the lifeboat;
- operating it;
- taking the lifeboat back again.
According to the material lifeboats are made of wood, metal, rubber and of
glass — fiber-reinforced plastic (GRP); according to their construction there are open
and enclosed lifeboats — partially and totally enclosed.
28
Sometimes lifeboats are called rescue boats. If it is designated not only to
rescue people from sinking ship, but also those who are overboard. Rescue boats are
also to gather, keep in position and tow life rafts. The length of rescue boat must be
not less than 3.8m and not more than 8.5m. Their speed is at least 6 knots; they have
either inboard or outboard motor.
Types of Lifeboats:
There are three types of lifeboats used on merchant vessels:
Open Lifeboat:
As the name suggests, the open lifeboat has no roof and is normally propelled
by manual power by using hand propelled ores. Compression ignition engine may
also be provided for the propulsion purpose. One may find them on older ship.
The open lifeboat doesn’t help much in rain or bad weather and the possibility
of water ingress in the highest.
Closed lifeboat:
Closed lifeboats are the most popular lifeboats that are used on ships, for they
are enclosed which saves the crew from sea water, strong wind and rough weather.
Closed lifeboats are further classified as Partially enclosed and fully enclosed
lifeboats.
29
Free fall lifeboat:
Free fall lifeboat is similar to an enclosed lifeboat but the process of launching is
entirely different. They are aerodynamic in nature and thus the boat can penetrate the
water without damaging the body when launched from the ship. The free fall life boat
is located at the aft of the ship, which provides a maximum clear area for free fall.
2. Answer the questions.
1. How many stages does lifeboat drill include?
2. What materials do lifeboats are made of?
3. Why are lifeboats sometimes called rescue boats?
4. Describe Free fall lifeboat.
5. What lifeboats are the most popular lifeboats that are used on ships?
3. Read and translate how you should behave in an emergency and learn
these actions by heart.
It is very important to understand how one should behave in an emergency.
The key ideas are the following:
• Be calm and act with careful consideration.
• You must know your place and be familiar with all activities.
• Avoid hurry and haste on the way to the muster station.
• When entering an enclosed lifeboat sit down in the appointed place.
• In an open lifeboat, hold on onto the lifeline.
• Before climbing into a free-fall boat, take off your life-jacket and stow in the
boat. Take your place and fasten the safety belt.
• Take things useful for surviving in distress, such as warm clothing.
30
How to get into a survival craft.
• Hold your life jacket down by crossing arms over chest.
• Block off your nose and mouth with one hand.
• Keep feet together.
• Jump into the water.
• Try to get into a survival craft as soon as possible. If you cannot get into a
survival craft get clear of the ship.
• Float still.
• Activate the life-jacket light.
• Use the whistle to attract attention.
Summary:
1. Make a list of marine emergencies.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
2. Match each verb (left) with a definition (right):
1. to capsize a) cannot be seen
2. to collide b) fill with water
3. to sink c) turn over
4. to swamp d) go down slowly
5. to settle e) smash together
6. to drift f) go without power
7. to disappear g) go under
3. Translate from Russian into English.
Аварийный сигнал.
Упасть за борт.
Спустить шлюпку.
Аварийная группа.
Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]