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Файл:Basic literary translation. Учебное пособие-1
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Comm.: Berlioz: Bulgakov names several of his characters after composers. In
addition to Berlioz, there will be the financial director Rimsky and the
psychiatrist Stravinsky. The efforts of critics to find some meaning behind this
fact seem rather strained.
Massolit: An invented but plausible contraction parodying the many contractions
introduced in post-revolutionary Russia. There will be others further on
Dramlit House (House for Dramatists and LiteraryWorkers), findirector
(financial director), and so on.
Homeless: In early versions of the novel, Bulgakov called his poet Bezrodny
-names,
the most famous being Alexei Peshkov, who called himself Maxim Gorky (gorky
Others
Pridvorov, who called himself religious poems. It may have been the reading of Bedny that originally sparked
The Master and Margarita. In his Journal of 1925
(the so- the files of the KGB and
as a
3)
a) This guy Kant ought to get three years in Solovki for proofs like that,
blurted out Ivan Nikolayevich, completely unexpectedly. (1)
Comm.: Solovki the nickname given to a famous prison in the north of Russia
on the Solovetsky Islands in the White Sea. Originally it was famous for its
monastery, but in the 1920s a famous and terrifying prison was established there
and it became shorthand for the worst possible fate. There is another level to this
reference, one which fits in with one of the main subtexts of this novel: as a
monastery, it had a bloody history in Old Russia. At the time of the liturgical
reforms in the sixteenth century, the monks of this monastery refused to accept
181
the changes which were to bring the Russian Orthodox Church into compliance
with Greek Orthodox forms of worship such people were called Old Believers
and the monks were massacred after a ten-year siege. (1)
b) -year stretch in Solovki for
Comm.:
located on the site of a former monastery on the Solovetsky Islands in the White
Sea. They were of especially terrible renown during the thirties. The last
prisoners were loaded on a barge and drowned in the White Sea in 1959. (2)
4)
a) No, replied his interlocutor, by a Russian woman, a member of the
Komsomol. (1)
Comm.: A member of the Komsomol the Komsomol was the youth
organization run by the Communist Party. A female Komsomol member would
be pure of heart and motive, something like a political Girl Scout, which is why
Berlioz thinks Woland is joking. (1)
b) a Komsomol girl
Comm.: Komsomol: Contraction of the Union of Communist Youth, which all
good Soviet young people were expected to join. (2)
5)
a) Some authentic manuscripts of the tenth century master of black magic,
Gerbert of Aurillac, have been discovered here in your State Library. And
Ive been asked to examine them. (1)
Comm.: Gerbert of Auriliac real name of Pope Sylvester II, who reigned from
999-1003, and was a leading scholar of his time. Early in his career he was
accused of being a Manichean dualist on the basis of the contents of his
Epistolae. Relevant to Bulgakovs interest is the fact that after his death the
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rumor arose that he was a necromancer, since his learning was so remarkable that
was assumed by the ignorant that the devil must have played a part in it. (1)
b) In a state library here some original manuscripts of the tenth-century
necromancer Gerbert of Aurillac have been found. So it is necessary for me to
sort them out. (2)
Comm.: Gerbert of Aurillac: (958-1005), theologian and mathematician,
popularly taken to be a magician and alchemist. He became pope in 999 under
the name of Sylvester II.
6)
a) Early in the morning on the fourteenth day of the spring month of Nisan,
wearing a white cloak with a blood-red lining, and shuffling with his
cavalrymans gait into the roofed colonnade that connected the two wings of
the palace of Herod the Great, walked the procurator of Judea, Pontius Pilate.
(1)
Comm.: Nisan the first month of the synagogal year (seventh in the civil year)
in the Jewish lunar calendar, roughly corresponding to the end of March and part
of April.
b) In a white cloak with blood-red lining, with the shuffling gait of a
cavalryman, early in the morning of the fourteenth day of the spring month of
Nisan, there came out to the covered colonnade between the two wings of the
palace of Herod the Great the procurator of Judea, Pontius Pilate. (2)
Comm.: Nisan: The seventh month of the Jewish lunar calendar, twenty-nine
days in length. The fifteenth day of Nisan (beginning at sundown on the
fourteenth) is the start of the feast of Passover, commemorating the exodus of the
Jews from Egypt. (2)
7)
183
a) He refused to give a judgment in the case and sent the death sentence
pronounced by the Sinedrion to you for confirmation, explained the
secretary. (1)
Comm.: Sinedrion Bulgakov deliberately uses the unusual Greek form instead
of the Russian sovet for what is normally known in English as the Sanhedrin, at
this time the Jewish equivalent of a Supreme Court. Throughout these chapters
the author is defamiliarizing this material for the Russian reader by using
unusual, yet understandable forms. If the Greek is customary, he uses the
Aramaic or the Latin, etc. Since Jerusalem at the time of Christ was a polyglot
city (Hellenized Jews spoke Greek, the locals spoke Aramaic, and the Roman
rulers spoke Latin), the mixing of languages is justified, even within one
conversation. It is noteworthy that the only main character to be given a Hebrew
version of his name is Yeshua Ha-Notsri, called Isus in the Russian Bible.
Another unusual name transcription choice is the version Levi Matvei, which is a
purely Russian non-biblical form of Matthew the Levite. In many cases
periphrasis is used: instead of the Fulminata Regiment the Lightning Regiment;
instead of Gethsemane the olive grove, etc.
In his research Bulgakov appears to have relied on the Russian translations of
several main works of Christology (the lives of Jesus by Strauss and Farrar),
various encyclopedias, famous literary works about the subject (such as Anatole
Frances Pontius Pilate), and the main ancient histories (Flavius Josephus,
Tacitus). His research was not, however, confined to historical sources when
something in folklore or the apocryphal books of the Bible struck him he used it,
as will become clear.
Despite his efforts to be (or, rather, seem) accurate, there are necessarily
occasional errors and misunderstandings, such as naming a gate which was not
yet built at the time of his story, etc. Given the complexity of the sources,
however, Bulgakov did a remarkable job for an amateur who knew virtually none
of the languages involved. (1)
184
b) Sanhedrin’s death
Comm.: Sanhedrin: The highest Jewish legislative and judicial body, headed by
the high priest of the temple in Jerusalem. The lower courts of justice were called
lesser sanhedrins. (2)
8)
-
a) Dont you know these people, continued Pilate, keeping his eyes fixed on
the prisoner, a certain Dismas, Gestas, and Bar-rabban? (1)
Comm.: Dismas, Gestas these names are mentioned in the Apocryphal New
Testament of Nicodemus, which Bulgakov drew on in addition to the historically
acceptable sources.
Bar-rabban Bulgakov uses this instead of the Varavva of the Russian Bible;
again, Renan is the likely source. This name means simply son of the father,
another messianic reference; both Bar-rabban and Yeshua are thus seen as
messianic figures by their followers, and the authorities simply have to decide
which is the more dangerous. (1)
b)
Dysmas, another named Gestas, and a third
named Bar-Rabban
Comm.: Dysmas ... Gestas ... Bar-Rabban: The first two are the thieves crucified
with Christ; not given in the canonical Gospels, the names here come from the
apocryphal Gospel of f
during the writing of the novel. The third
is a variant on the Barabbas of the Gospels. (2)
9)
a) Lit the candles, said Pilate through his teeth, speaking in the same tone of
voice as the prisoner, his eyes glittering. (1)
185
Comm.: Lit the candles... according to Jewish law, a trap for criminals had to
be well-lit, to avoid mistaken identity. By this Bulgakov is indicating an entire
subtext in Pilates understanding of who Judas really is, and who has employed
him. (1)
b) Lit the lamps
prisoner, and his eyes glinted. (2)
Comm.: Lit the lamps: According to B.V. Sokolov
Vysshaya Shkola edition of the novel (Leningrad, 1989), the law demanded that
lights be lit so that the concealed witnesses for the accusation could see the face
of the criminal.
10)
a) It is I who am telling you this Pontius Pilate, Knight of the Golden Spear!
(1)
Comm.: Knight Pilate is a member of the ordo equester (equestrian class), the
usual category for a man who became a procurator (prefect) in Roman times.
This word, vsadnik, may be translated as horseman, cavalryman, rider or knight.
In the sense that it means belonging to an elite group, it is normally translated as
knight. The figure of the cavalryman or knight is encountered in many of
Bulgakovs works, and clearly had a special autobiographical meaning, as well
as a clear connection to the famous four horsemen of the Apocalypse. (1)
b) it is I who tell you so, Pontius Pilate, equestrian of the Golden Spear!
(2)
Comm.: Equestrian of the Golden Spear: The equestrian order of Roman nobility
was next in importance to the Senate. Augustus reformed the order, after which it
supplied occupants for many administrative posts. The name Pilate (Pilatus) may
derive from pilum, Latin (2)
Из романа «Мастер и Маргарита» М. Булгакова;
(1) translated by D. Burgin and K. O’Connor;
(2) translated by R. Pevear and L. Volokhonsky
186
4. Give commentary to the texts of translation from sections 3.2 (ex. 3-6), 3.3 (ex. 3,
5, 6), 3.4 (ex. 2-4), 3.5 (ex. 2-5).
5. Read the following texts, find lexical gaps. Translate, paying attention to the
filling in the gaps. Write translator’s commentary.
Extract 1
187
Extract 2
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-
188
Extract 3
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189
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Из повести «Белеет парус одинокий» В. Катаева
Extract 4
>
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