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Файл:Basic literary translation. Учебное пособие-1
.pdf
Из книги очерков «Фрегат «Паллада» И.А. Гончарова
Extract 4
-
-
-
Из книги очерков «Фрегат «Паллада» И.А. Гончарова
91
Extract 5
Tablemountain
Lions head
Deavilspick
-
-
92
presse papier.
Из книги очерков «Фрегат «Паллада» И.А. Гончарова
Extract 6
-
-
Из повести «Прощание с Матерой» В. Распутина
2.8 Questions for self-control
1. What is trope? What is its function?
2. What is epithet? Explain the difference between logical and figurative epithets.
93
3. What is simile? What is the difference between simile and comparison? What
forms of simile do you know?
4. Hyperbole and meiosis: their likeness and difference. How do these tropes refer
to reality?
5. Metaphor and its varieties.
6. Means of translation used to reproduce metaphors in the text.
7. Metonymy and its varieties.
8. Means of translation used to reproduce metonymies in the text.
9. Other stylistic devices.
10. Summarize all means of translation used to refer stylistic devices into another
language.
3 General problems of literary translation
3.1 Speaking names
In general proper names are characterized by untranslatability; they belong
to culture-specific vocabulary and thus have no equivalents in other languages.
There is a discussion in linguistics on whether we should consider proper names as
void words, with no meaning, or they are real words in entirety. The discussion is
especially relevant to speaking names.
In belles-lettres speaking names are a kind of trope similar to metaphor and
simile; it is used to give additional attributes to fictional characters. Speaking names
can be considered as a type of pun as well.
They are difficult for translation, because the reader perceives both the name
in its noas a word at one time.
This arouses the question: should the translator translate speaking names as other
linguistic units that have equivalents or analogues in the target language, or they
should be treated as culture-specific words?
94
Possible means of translation:
3
3
transcription;
transliteration;
semantization (loan-translation, proper translation, functional translation).
The latter means of translation implies translation of notional part of the name
in a manner that is peculiar to the target language. But names should characterize
their bearers as Russians or Englishmen, thus semantization as it is will ruin the
authors intention. At the same time transcription and transliteration lead to loss in
meaning because pragmatic aspect, emotive component, associative background,
social status of the name, etc. wont be reflected in transcription.
To avoid these situations we can use footnotes explaining the real meaning of
the transcribed or transliterated word or we can translate the notional stem and add
some elements that will mark the word as foreign. For example: учитель Роззги,
доктора Фершалл и О’Коновалл, торговец Купли и аптекарь Капли
Exercises
1. Find 10 names and nicknames of characters in English fairytales, write them
down. Define principles of nomination. Translate the names into Russian.
2. Find 10 names and nicknames of characters in Russian fairytales, write them
down. Define principles of nomination. Translate the names into English.
.
3. Compare the original and its translation. Define means of translation. Read the
whole text in original. Do you think the translation is adequate? Give your variants of
translation.
Bernstein (. )/
95
From “The School for Scandal”, by R.B. Sheridan
Sir Peter Teazle
Sir Oliver Surface
Joseph Surface
Charles Surface
Crabtree
Sir Benjamin Backbite
Rowley
Moses
Trip
Snake
Careless
Sir Toby Bumper
Lady Teazle
Maria
Lady Sneerwell
Mrs. Candour
In the text:
Miss Gadabout
Sir Filagree Flirt
Miss Prim
Mrs. Festino
Colonel Cassino
Mr. and Mrs. Honeymoon
96
Miss Tattle
Lord Buffalo
Sir Harry Bouquet
Tom Saunter
Lord Spindle
Sir Thomas Splint
Captain Quinze
Mr. Nickit
Lady Frizzle
Mrs. Drowzy
Miss Nicely
Miss Letitia Piper
Mrs. Ponto
Dowager Lady Dundizzy
Lady Betty Curricle
Miss Vermillion
Mrs. Evergreen
Widow Ocre
Miss Simper
Mrs. Prim
Mrs. Pursy
Mrs. Codille
Miss Sallow
Lady Stucco
Cousin Ogle
4
According to the article
Перевод М. Лозинского Перевод П.И. Вейнберга4
97
M
to tease
to backbite
row
-
-- )
)
)
98
-
)
-
(nice )
-
)
)
- )
)
-( )
- )
- )
)
4. Translate the following texts. Pay attention to the translation of the names in the
context.
Extract 1
Перевод Ч. Ветринского
Cloë Hannah, yes. Will you be all right? (She stands up wearing the boots) I wont
(But she has lost him) Mr Nightingale?
Bernard (Waking up) Yes. Thank you. Miss Jarvis is Hannah Jarvis the author?
Cloë Yes. Have you read her book?
99
Bernard Oh, yes. Yes.
Cloë I bet shes in the hermitage, can
Bernard Are you having a garden party?
Cloë A dance for the district, our annual dressing up and general drunkenness. The
wrinklies wont have it in the house, there was a teapot we once had to bag back from
Christies in the nick of time, so anything that can be destroyed, stolen or vomited on has
been tactfully removed; tactless, I should say (She is about to leave)
Bernard Um look would you tell her would you mind not mentioning my
name just yet?
Cloë Oh. All right.
Bernard (smiling) More fun to surprise her. Would you mind?
Cloë u another name, just for the
moment?
Bernard Yes, why not?
Cloë Perhaps another bird, youre not really a Nightingale.
Hannah Mr Peacock?
Bernard looks round vaguely the checks over his shoulder for the missing Peacock,
then recovers himself and turns on the Nightingale bonhomie
Bernard
moment the photograph doesnt do you justice.
Hannah Mr Peacock, what can I do for you?
Bernard Well, to begin with, you can call me Bernard, which is my name.
Extract 2
Bernard No. Because of the tapes, three documents survived undisturbed in the
book. (He has been carefully opening a package produced from his bag. He has the
originals. He holds them carefully one by one.) Sir we have a matter to settle. I wait on
you in the gun room. E. Chater, Esq.
100
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