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15 Quality of Life and Patient Reported Outcome Measures Following Percutaneous Aortic Intervention…
(continued)
Yes 80%
VASC
277
31.5%
Aortic pathology: AAA
Open AAA repair
Male: 99.5%, Age: 71, HTN: NR, DM: 22.9%
Smoking: 44.2%, IHD: 42.3%, CVA: 16%, CKD:
31.1%
OR Smoking: 38.3%, IHD: 39.2%, CVA: 15.1%, CKD:
n=437 Elective: 100%, Emergency: 0%
Study objectives: Long-term survival and QOL after EVAR and open AAA repair (EVAR vs. open AAA repair vs. general population)
Lederle [18] EVAR P EVAR Ye s SF-36, EQ-5D
2009 n=444 Male: 99.3%, Age: 70, HTN: NR, DM: 22.5%
Elective: 100%, Emergency: 0%
Aortic pathology: AAA
repair)
Study objectives: Compare early postoperative outcomes after EVAR and open AAA repair (preoperative vs. postoperative, EVAR vs. open AAA
Elective: 100%, Emergency: 0%
Aortic pathology: AAA
Kurz [61] EVAR R Male: 91%, Age: 71.5, HTN: 67%, DM: 14% Yes NHP Yes 57.1%
2010 n=270 Smoking: 71%, IHD: 66%, CVA: 16%, CKD: NR
7.1%
Aortic pathology: AAA
Surveillance
Male: 97%, Age: 68.8, HTN: 76%, DM: 11%
Smoking: 53%, IHD: 42%, CVA: 19%, CKD: 9%
Elective: 100%, Emergency: 0%
Aortic pathology: AAA
EVAR P EVAR Ye s SF-36 Yes 76%
Study objectives: QOL after EVAR in octogenarians compared to younger patients (Older vs. younger patients)
DeRango
Surveillance Smoking: 58%, IHD: 36%, CVA: 11.5%, CKD:
n=166 Elective: 100%, Emergency: 0%
[62]
2011 n=173 Male: 95%, Age: 69, HTN: 74%, DM: 16%
278
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Response
rateYear
Follow-up
method
reported
QOL instruments
used
Validated QOL
instrument
L. L. Shan et al.
31.5%
Aortic pathology: AAA
Open AAA repair
Male: 96%, Age: 70.5, HTN: 75.5%, DM: 22.9%
Smoking: 44.2%, IHD: 42.3%, CVA: 16.0%, CKD:
31.1%
Elective: 100%, Emergency: 0%
Aortic pathology: AAA
Study
design Patient demographics
Patients
Original studies—abdominal aorta
Author
Table 15.1 (continued)
Study objectives: QOL after EVAR or surveillance in subthreshold aneurysms (EVAR vs. surveillance, preoperative vs. postoperative)
OR Smoking: NR, IHD: 50%, CVA: 5%, CKD: 5%
Kisis [63] EVAR P EVAR Ye s SF-36 Yes 100%
2012 n=20 Male: 85%, Age: 70, HTN: NR, DM: 15%,
Aortic pathology: AAA
Open AAA repair
Male: 80%, Age: 67, HTN: NR, DM: 10%,
n=20 Elective: 100%, Emergency: 0%
Smoking: NR, IHD: 40%, CVA: 0%, CKD: 10%
Elective: 100%, Emergency: 0%
Aortic pathology: AAA
Study objectives: QOL after EVAR and open AAA repair (preoperative vs. postoperative, EVAR vs. open AAA repair)
Lederle [12] EVAR P EVAR Ye s SF-36 Yes 85%
OR Smoking: 38.3%, IHD: 39.2%, CVA: 15.1%, CKD:
n=437 Elective: 100%, Emergency: 0%
2012 n=444 Male: 99%, Age: 69.6, HTN: 78.2%, DM: 22.5%
15 Quality of Life and Patient Reported Outcome Measures Following Percutaneous Aortic Intervention…
279
(continued)
Male: 91%, Age: 70.1, HTN: 77%, DM: 20%,
Study objectives: Long-term morbidity and mortality after EVAR vs. open AAA repair (EVAR vs. open AAA repair)
Pol [64] EVAR P <80years old Ye s EQ-5D VASC Yes 82.1%
2012 <80years
14.2%
old
n=926 Smoking: 56%, IHD: 54%, CVA: 12%, CKD:
EVAR Elective: 100%, Emergency: 0%
Aortic pathology: AAA
>80years
Male: 86.5%, Age: 83.3, HTN: 73.1%, Chol:
55.1%, DM: 15.1%
Smoking: 24.6%, IHD: 55.5%, CVA: 16.8%, CKD:
NR
Elective: 100%, Emergency: 0%
old
n=274 >80years old
Aortic pathology: AAA
OR Smoking: 40%, IHD: 28%, CVA: NR, CKD: 2%
Study objectives: 30-day outcome and QOL after EVAR in octogenarians (preoperative vs. postoperative, EVAR vs. open AAA repair)
AJAX [65] EVAR P EVAR Ye s SF-36 Yes 77%
2014 n=57 Male: 86%, Age: 74.9, HTN: 23%, DM: 4%
Aortic pathology: AAA
Open AAA repair
Male: 85%, Age: 74.5, HTN: 17%, DM: 2%
n=59 Elective: 0%, Emergency: 100%
Smoking: 34%, IHD: 24%, CVA: NR, CKD: 3%
Elective: 0%, Emergency: 100%
Aortic pathology: AAA
EVAR R Male: NR, Age: NR, HTN: NR, DM: NR, Yes SF-12 No NR
Study objectives: Cost effectiveness and utility of EVAR compared to open AAA repair for ruptured AAA (EVAR vs. open AAA repair)
Klocker
Elective: NR, Emergency: NR
Aortic pathology: Descending thoracic aneurysm,
[66]
2014 n=138 Smoking: NR, IHD: NR, CVA: NR, CKD: NR
dissection, trauma
280
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Response
rateYear
L. L. Shan et al.
Follow-up
method
reported
QOL instruments
used
Validated QOL
instrument
Yes 70%
VASC
7.5%
Aortic pathology: AAA
Open AAA repair
Male: 90%, Age: 69.6, HTN: 54.5%, DM: 9.6%
Smoking: 54.5%, IHD: 47.2%, CVA: NR, CKD:
9%
Elective: 100%, Emergency: 0%
Male: 90.4%, Age: 70.1, HTN: 75.9%, DM: 19.9%
Study
design Patient demographics
Patients
Original studies—abdominal aorta
Author
Table 15.1 (continued)
Study objectives: Incidence of left arm ischemia, function, quality of life after TEVAR (left subclavian coverage vs. no coverage)
Pol [67] EVAR P <80years old Ye s EQ-5D VASC Yes 67.9%
2014 <80years
old
13.9%
Aortic pathology: AAA
n=973 Smoking: 56.5%, IHD: 53%, CVA: 11.7%, CKD:
EVAR Elective: 100%, Emergency: 0%
>80years
old
Male: 86.2%, Age: 83.3, HTN: 73.9%, DM: 19.9%
Smoking: 24.6%, IHD: 55.2%, CVA: 15.9%, CKD:
20.1%
Elective: 100%, Emergency: 0%
Aortic pathology: AAA
n=290 >80years old
EVAR P EVAR Ye s SF-36, EQ-5D
Study objectives: QOL after EVAR in octogenarians (<80years old vs. >80years old, preoperative vs. postoperative)
De Bruin
[68]
2016 n=173 Male: 93%, Age: 70.7, HTN: 58.4%, DM: 10.4%
OR Smoking: 63.6%, IHD: 41%, CVA: NR, CKD:
n=178 Elective: 100%, Emergency: 0%
Aortic pathology: AAA
15 Quality of Life and Patient Reported Outcome Measures Following Percutaneous Aortic Intervention…
281
(continued)
OR Smoking: NR, IHD: NR, CVA: NR, CKD: NR AneurysmTSQ
Study objectives: Long-term QOL after EVAR and open AAA repair (preoperative vs. postoperative, EVAR vs. open AAA repair)
Peach [69] EVAR R EVAR Yes AneurysmDQOL Yes 66.3%
2016 n=103 Male: 86.4%, Age: 76.6, HTN: NR, DM: NR, AneurysmSRQ
Aortic pathology: AAA
Open AAA repair
Male: 97%, Age: 72.7, HTN: NR, DM: NR
n=69 Elective: 100%, Emergency: 0%
Smoking: NR, IHD: NR, CVA: NR, CKD: NR
Elective: 100%, Emergency: 0%
Aortic pathology: AAA
EVAR P EVAR Ye s EQ-5D VASC Yes 78%
Study objectives: QOL, symptoms, satisfaction assessed using AAA specic measures (preoperative vs. postoperative, EVAR vs. open AAA repair)
IMPROVE
Aortic pathology: AAA
Open AAA repair
Male: 79%, Age: 76.7, HTN: NR, DM: NR
Smoking: NR, IHD: NR, CVA: NR, CKD: NR
OR Smoking: NR, IHD: NR, CVA: NR, CKD: NR
n=297 Elective: 0%, Emergency: 100%
[25]
2017 n=316 Male: 78%, Age: 76.7, HTN: NR, DM: NR
Elective: 0%, Emergency: 100%
Aortic pathology: AAA
postoperative, EVAR vs. open AAA repair)
Study objectives: Midterm clinical outcomes and cost effectiveness of EVAR vs. open AAA repair for ruptured AAA (preoperative vs.
Aortic pathology: AAA
Open AAA repair
Male: 93%, Age: 72.8, HTN: NR, DM: 17.7%
Smoking: 23.3%, IHD: NR, CVA: NR, CKD: 30%
OR Smoking: 8%, IHD: NR, CVA: NR, CKD: 28%
n=30 Elective: 100%, Emergency: 0%
Kato [70] EVAR P EVAR Ye s SF-8 Ye s 64%
2017 n=25 Male: 96%, Age: 76, HTN: NR, DM: 28%,
Elective: 100%, Emergency: 0%
Aortic pathology: AAA
282
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Response
rateYear
Follow-up
method
reported
QOL instruments
used
Validated QOL
instrument
L. L. Shan et al.
Aortic pathology: AAA
Open AAA repair
Male: 89%, Age: 67, HTN: NR, DM: 31%,
Smoking: 80%, IHD: 53%, CVA: 5%, CKD: 24%
Elective: 100%, Emergency: 0%
Aortic pathology: AAA
Study objectives: QOL after EVAR and open AAA repair (preoperative vs. postoperative, EVAR vs. open AAA repair)
Study
design Patient demographics
Patients
EVAR R EVAR Ye s SF-36 Yes 72.4%
Original studies—abdominal aorta
Author
Table 15.1 (continued)
Study objectives: QOL changes after EVAR and open AAA repair (preoperative vs. postoperative, EVAR vs. open AAA repair)
Yildirim
[71]
2017 n=45 Male: 93%, Age: 76.4, HTN: NR, Chol: NR, DM:
NR
Smoking: NR, IHD: NR, CVA: NR, CKD: NR
Elective: 0%, Emergency: 100%
Aortic pathology: AAA
Open AAA repair
Male: 86%, Age: 71.4, HTN: NR, Chol: NR, DM:
NR
Smoking: NR, IHD: NR, CVA: NR, CKD: NR
Elective: 0%, Emergency: 100%
Aortic pathology: AAA
EVAR P EVAR Ye s SF-36 No NR
Study objectives: Long-term QOL after EVAR and open AAA repair for ruptured AAA (EVAR vs. open AAA repair vs. general population)
Akbulut
OR Smoking: 83%, IHD: 63%, CVA: 5%, CKD: 31%
[72]
2018 n=68 Male: 87%, Age: 67, HTN: NR, DM: 31%,
n=39 Elective: 100%, Emergency: 0%
15 Quality of Life and Patient Reported Outcome Measures Following Percutaneous Aortic Intervention…
283
Response
rateYear
Follow-up
method
reported
QOL instruments
used
Validated QOL
instrument
(continued)
Study
Original studies—thoracic aorta
Author
Aortic pathology: Thoracic aortic dissection/
aneurysm
Open descending thoracic aortic repair
design Patient demographics
Patients
OR Smoking: 50%, IHD: 35%, CVA: NR, CKD: NR
n=78 Elective: 52%, Emergency: 48%
Dick [73] TEVAR R TEVAR Yes SF-36, HADS Yes 78%
2008 n=58 Male: 83%, Age: 68.8, HTN: 79%, DM: 15%
Male: 84%, Age: 61.6, HTN: 76%, DM: 4%
Smoking: 57%, IHD: 49%, CVA: NR, CKD: NR
Elective: 80%, Emergency: 20%
Aortic pathology: Thoracic aortic dissection/
aneurysm
TEVAR or open repair vs. general population)
n=29 Smoking: 63%, IHD: 59%, CVA: NR, CKD: 30%
Study objectives: Long-term postoperative QOL after TEVAR or open repair for descending thoracic aortic diseases (TEVAR vs. open repair,
Dick [74] Elective R Elective TEVAR Yes SF-36, HADS Yes 70%
2009 TEVAR Male: 85%, Age: 71, HTN: 78%, DM: 22%,
aneurysm
Male: 80%, Age: 67, HTN: 80%, DM: 8%,
Smoking: 36%, IHD: 8%, CVA: NR, CKD: 16%
Elective: 0%, Emergency: 100%
Emergent Elective: 100%, Emergency: 0%
TEVAR Aortic pathology: Thoracic aortic dissection/
n=29 Emergency TEVAR
Aortic pathology: Thoracic aortic dissection/
aneurysm
284
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Response
rateYear
Follow-up
method
reported
QOL instruments
used
Validated QOL
instrument
L. L. Shan et al.
Smoking: 53%, IHD: 5%, CVA: NR, CKD: NR
Elective: NR, Emergency: NR
Original studies—thoracic aorta
Author
Table 15.1 (continued)
TEVAR vs. general population)
Study
design Patient demographics
Patients
Study objectives: Postoperative QOL after elective or emergent TEVAR for descending thoracic aortic diseases (Elective TEVAR vs. emergent
TEVAR R Male: 70%, Age: 46.7, HTN: NR, DM: NR Yes SF-12 Ye s NR
McBride
[75]
Smoking: 23%, IHD: 31%, CVA: 9%, CKD: 23%
Elective: NR, Emergency: NR
Aortic pathology: TAA
Study objectives: Patient experience, emotional wellbeing, QOL after endovascular thoracoabdominal aneurysm repair (preoperative vs.
postoperative)
Bi [77] TEVAR P TEVAR Yes SF-36 No 97%
Elective: 0%, Emergency: 10.0%
Aortic pathology: Blunt thoracic aortic injury
Study objectives: Long-term QOL and return to normal activities after TEVAR with or without left subclavian artery coverage
Meltzer [76] TA A P Endovascular TAA repair Ye s SF-36 No NR
2015 n=82 Smoking: NR, IHD: NR, CVA: NR, CKD: NR
2017 n=22 Male: 77%, Age: 75.1, HTN: 90.9%, DM: 18%
Aortic pathology: Type B dissection
Study objectives: Midterm outcome and QOL after endovascular repair of Type B aortic dissection (preoperative vs. postoperative)
Reviews
2018 n=40 Male: 88%, Age: 80.9, HTN: 58%, DM: 3%
Peach [46] Review Total studies: 23, Total patients in studies on QOL: 6904
Hypothesise that EVAR patients have better short term QOL while open AAA repair patients have better long term QOL
Review Total studies: 16, Total patients in studies on QOL: 4620
2012
Study objectives: Review evidence on health status changes after EVAR or open AAA repair
Coughlin
[43]
2013
15 Quality of Life and Patient Reported Outcome Measures Following Percutaneous Aortic Intervention…
285
Study objectives: Short and midterm QOL after EVAR and open AAA repair
Propper [47] Review Total studies: 4, Total patients in studies on QOL: 3674
2013
Study objectives: Long-term outcome after EVAR
Kayssi [45] Review Total studies: 5, Total patients in studies on QOL: 2108
2015
Study objectives: Differences in short and long term QOL after EVAR compared to open AAA repair
Jarral [44] Review Total studies: 30, Total patients in studies on QOL: 4746
2016
Study objectives: QOL after intervention on thoracic aorta
Badger [23] Review Total studies: 4; Total patients in studies on QOL: 868
2017
Study objectives: Advantages and disadvantages of EVAR vs. open AAA repair for ruptured AAA
Shan [36] Review Total studies: 13; Total patients in studies on QOL: 1272
2019
Study objectives: QOL after EVAR and open AAA repair in elderly patients
HTN hypertension, Chol hypercholesterolemia, DM diabetes mellitus, IHD ischemic heart disease, CVA cerebrovascular disease, CKD chronic kidney disease, NR not recorded,
AAA abdominal aortic aneurysm, R retrospective, P prospective, QOL quality of life, AneurysmDQOL aneurysm-dependent QOL questionnaire, AneurysmSRQ aneurysm symp-
tom rating questionnaire, Aneurysm TSQ aneurysm treatment satisfaction questionnaire, SF-36 medical outcomes 36-item short-form health survey, SF-12 medical outcomes
12-item short-form health survey, NHP Nottingham health prole, EQ-5D VASC EuroQOL 5-dimensions, OR open AAA repair, EVAR endovascular AAA repair
286
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Table 15.2 Quality of life results in included studies
Original studies—abdominal aorta
Author
Perioperative
Procedure Follow-up time
Lloyd [48] EVAR Pre-op, 6months EVAR: 8.8% NR EVAR: 82% 2000 Open AAA repair Open AAA
Key ndings:
Malina [49]
2000 Open AAA repair Open AAA
Key ndings:
Aquino [50]
2001 Open AAA repair Open AAA
Key ndings:
Arko [51] EVAR <6months, 2003 Open AAA repair Open AAA
Key ndings:
Lederle [52]
2003 Open AAA repair Open AAA
Most SF-36 domains maintained at preoperative levels Signicant worsening of physical function at 6months for both EVAR and open AAA
repair compared to pre-op No signicant difference between open AAA repair and EVAR at 6months across all
SF-36 domains EVAR Pre-op, 5, 30,
90days
Total NHP scores had an initial Day 5 decline after both open AAA repair and EVAR, but improved to better than baseline at 3months post-op
No difference between open AAA repair and EVAR at any time point in all NHP domains Functional status worse in some domains after open AAA repair compared to EVAR at
1month, but no difference at 3months EVAR patients perceive follow-up to be more difcult, open AAA repair patients found
the recovery difcult EVAR Pre-op. 1week,
4weeks, 8weeks, 52weeks
At 1week post-op, physical function, social function, role physical, vitality worse than pre-op for both EVAR and open AAA repair. Open AAA repair had more severe decline
All domains return to baseline at 4weeks after EVAR, and 8weeks after open AAA repair All domains maintained up to 1year All domains similar between EVAR and open AAA repair at 1year
>6months
At 3months, 95% of EVAR patients felt completely recovered compared to 75% of open AAA repair
32days to fully recovery after EVAR, 99days for open AAA repair 5% after EVAR felt decreased activity level, 23% for open AAA repair No signicant difference in functional outcome after 6months between EVAR and open
AAA repair No difference in ambulation, independent living, employment status before and after
either treatment Surveillance Pre-op,
6-monthly to 8years
mortality
repair: 4.2%
EVAR: 4.8% NR EVAR: 95%
repair 4.8%
EVAR: 0% EVAR: 0% EVAR: 96%
repair: 0%
EVAR: 0.7% EVAR: 10.5% EVAR: 82%
repair: 3.6%
Surveillance:
2.6%
repair: 3.0%
Major perioperative complications
Open AAA repair: 0%
Open AAA repair: 9.2%
NR Surveillance:
L. L. Shan et al.
Survival at time of QOL assessmentYear
Open AAA repair: 90%
Open AAA repair: 95%
Open AAA repair: 92%
Open AAA repair: 96%
78.4% Open AAA
repair: 74.9%