Книга_5221_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана

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 Index

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) (cont.)

toxoplasmosis 217, 310– 11 American trypanosomiasis, see Chagas disease amnesia, see memory amnestic mild cognitive function (aMCI) 31– 32 amyloid beta 3, 146, 170– 71, 257, 462 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 137– 38, 138b, 139 Ancylostoma duodenale 394 angiotensin- converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)

receptors 52– 53, 56 anosmia 51– 52 antibiotics

maternal treatment 454– 55 microbiome 421– 22, 429, 430– 31

depression 424 antisocial behavior, see behavioral problems anxiety

caregivers 193– 94 cerebral malaria 192– 94 Chagas disease 462– 63 child development 445t, 450, 452 comorbidities

bipolar disorder 337

major depressive disorder 332

OCD 339

Covid- 19 1, 53– 54 cysticercosis 462– 63 cytomegalovirus 71, 72– 73 encephalitis lethargica 1, 9– 10, 11, 17 bromyalgia 370t generalized anxiety disorder 90– 91, 332 herpes simplex virus 29, 36– 37 HTLV- 1 90– 93 Lyme disease 339 microbiome 419– 20, 422, 424, 427– 28, 429 myalgic encephalitis/ chronic fatigue

syndrome 382t neurocysticercosis 270 neuroEbola 42, 43, 44– 45, 46 Parkinson’s disease 150 post- treatment Lyme disease 125, 126– 27 tuberculous meningitis 165 Whipple’s disease 134 see also generalized anxiety disorder

apathy

encephalitis lethargica 10, 14, 15– 16, 19– 20 HIV 80– 81, 82– 83, 308 human African trypanosomiasis 234 neurosyphilis 309 Whipple’s disease 134, 135– 36, 138

apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 (APOE ε4) allele

Alzheimer’s disease 3, 31– 32, 33t, 34, 35f,

37, 147– 48

Covid- 19 56

herpes simplex virus 30– 32, 33t, 34, 35f, 37 apoptosis 143, 145– 46 apraxia 138 Ascaris lumbricoides 394 asthma 420– 21 astrocytes

Covid- 19 53

dementia risk 305

toxocariasis 256– 57

tuberculous meningitis 170– 71 ataxia

acute necrotizing encephalopathy of

childhood 286

Whipple’s disease 137 atherosclerosis 142– 43 Atkins, John 230 attention

acute necrotizing encephalopathy of

childhood 294

cerebral malaria 186

biomarkers of severity 197– 98 computerized cognitive rehabilitation

therapy 186, 187– 89 EEG biomarkers 194– 96, 195f, 196f neurological sequelae 190 psychiatric eects 192– 93

child development 445t Covid- 19 55

long Covid 389t

delirium 307– 8 dementia 302 bromyalgia 369– 79, 370t, 380, 381t human African trypanosomiasis 234 myalgic encephalitis/ chronic fatigue

syndrome 382t, 387

neurocysticercosis 268– 69, 271– 72 post- treatment Lyme disease 123 toxoplasmosis 216 tuberculous meningitis 165– 69, 172, 176 Whipple’s disease 134, 135– 36

attention decit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

cerebral malaria 191– 92 encephalitis lethargica 13– 14 microbiome 420, 423

autism spectrum disorders (ASD)

child development 445t, 445– 46, 448– 49,

451, 452– 53

cytomegalovirus 453– 54 microbiome 420– 21, 423, 427, 429– 30

inammation 428

Babinski, Joseph 18 Bacteroides spp. 421, 429

Index 469

B. coprocola 423 B. fragilis 423– 24, 425 B. intestinalis 425 B. ovatus 425 B. xylanisolvens 425

Bacteroidetes 428

Parkinson’s disease 424– 25 Baggio– Yoshinari syndrome 393– 94 Ball, Melvyn 32, 34 Bartonella spp. 351t, 361 bats

Covid- 19 50– 51

Ebolavirus disease 41 behavioral problems

cerebral malaria 185, 189– 90, 191– 94, 198,

199– 200 child development 445t, 445– 46, 447, 452 encephalitis lethargica 10– 14, 16, 17, 18– 20 human African trypanosomiasis 234 neurocysticercosis 268 toxocariasis 251– 54, 252t, 256– 57, 258 toxoplasmosis 209– 10, 211– 13, 218– 20, 334

Bidobacterium spp. 421, 423, 429

ADHD 423 B. bidum 421

bipolar disorder (BD) 331– 32, 337– 38, 341

child development 448, 449– 50 cytomegalovirus 71, 72f, 73 genetics 337– 38, 449– 50 herpesviruses 338 HIV 81 Lyme disease 339 microbiome 424 neurocysticercosis 271, 272– 73 syphilis 338– 39 toxoplasmosis 217, 453– 54

BK virus 351t, 361 Blautia spp. 423

Parkinson’s disease 424– 25

blindness 44– 45 blood– brain barrier (BBB)

cerebral malaria 189– 90, 200– 1 Covid- 19 52– 53 dementia risk 305 Helicobacter pylori 145– 46 HIV 76– 77 human African trypanosomiasis 233– 34,

239, 240 microbiome 427– 28, 429– 30

inammation 428 multiple sclerosis 324 prenatal brain development 452 tuberculous meningitis 170– 71 Whipple’s disease 138

bone marrow transplantation disease 321– 22 Borna disease virus (BDV)

bipolar disorder 338 major depressive disorder 335– 36 myalgic encephalitis/ chronic fatigue

syndrome 351t, 360

pediatric acute neuropsychiatric

syndrome 461– 62

Borrelia spp.

B. afzelii 118, 119 B. burgdorferi 118, 119, 127

bipolar disorder 339 cognitive function 393– 94 pediatric acute neuropsychiatric

syndrome 461– 62 B. garinii 118, 119 myalgic encephalitis/ chronic fatigue

syndrome 351t, 361

bradyphrenia 14– 15, 18, 19– 20 brain- derived neurotrophic factor

(BDNF) 52, 56

brain fog 56– 57 brain microbiome 3 brain volume

Covid- 19 54– 55 dementia 302 HIV 76– 78 HTLV- 1 91– 92 Toxoplasma gondii 2 toxoplasmosis 453– 54 tuberculous meningitis 164– 65, 166f,

168, 169– 70 Whipple’s disease 136, 139 Zika virus 447

Brazilian human borreliosis 393– 94 breastfeeding 421, 427 Bucknill, J. C. 443

Caenorhabditis elegans 461 Campylobacter jejuni 145 Candida auris 454

Cannon, Walter Bradford 419– 20 caregiver training, cerebral malaria 186–

87, 193– 94

catatonia 18 cats

toxocariasis 244, 245 Toxoplasma gondii 208, 213, 220, 223, 334

cat- scratch fever 351t celiac disease 420– 21 Centers for Disease Control and

Prevention (CDC) human African trypanosomiasis 238t

 Index

cerebellar ataxia 234 cerebral malaria (CM) 202

adjuvant treatment 201– 2 biomarkers of severity 197– 98 caregiver training 193– 94 child development 445t cognitive function 185 EEG evaluation 194– 97, 195f, 196f machine learning modeling of

neurodevelopmental outcomes 199 neurological sequelae 189– 90 neuropsychological eects and neurocognitive

rehabilitation 186– 89, 187f neuropsychological rehabilitation and school

performance 190– 91 protective role of neuregulin- 1 199– 201 psychiatric eects 191– 93 vaccines 465

cerebral small- vessel disease 78 cerebral toxocariasis 246, 258

animal models 253– 54, 256– 57 clinical and imaging ndings 246– 47 diagnosis 247– 48 numbers of cases 248

cerebrospinal uid (CSF)

acute necrotizing encephalopathy of

childhood 280– 81, 285, 286, 294 cerebral malaria 197– 98, 200 Covid- 19 52– 53 dementia risk 305 HIV 106 human African trypanosomiasis 236, 240– 41 Lyme disease 119 neurocysticercosis 264, 268 neurosyphilis 101– 2, 108– 9, 111

diagnosis 105, 106– 7, 107t prion diseases 310 toxocariasis 246– 48 tuberculous meningitis 170– 71 Whipple’s disease 136– 37

cerebrovascular disease 51– 52 cervicitis 450– 51 cesarean section, and microbiome 420– 21 Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis) 229

depression and anxiety 462– 63 poverty 453– 54

chikungunya

acute necrotizing encephalopathy of

childhood 282– 83 climate change 463 cognitive function 393t, 463– 64

childbirth, and microbiome 420– 21 children

cerebral malaria 202

adjuvant treatment 201– 2 biomarkers of severity 197– 98 caregiver training 193– 94 cognitive function 185 EEG evaluation 194– 97, 195f, 196f machine learning modeling of

neurodevelopmental outcomes 199 neurological sequelae 189– 90 neuropsychological eects and

neurocognitive rehabilitation 186–

89, 187f neuropsychological rehabilitation and

school performance 190– 91 protective role of neuregulin- 1 199– 200 psychiatric eects 191– 93

Covid- 19 51– 52 cytomegalovirus 66

cognitive function 67– 70, 68f, 69f hearing loss 67

development 443– 45, 455– 56

brain 445– 48, 445t mental illness 448– 53 poverty 453– 54 public health 454– 55

encephalitis lethargica

attention decit and hyperactivity

disorders 13– 14 nocturnal excitation crises 10– 11 post- encephalitic behavioral

syndrome 11– 14

epilepsy risk factors 2 Helicobacter pylori 142– 43 helminthiases 394 herpes simplex virus 27

neurological decits 27– 29, 28f– 30f psychological conditions 29

HTLV- 1 87– 88 infection as protective from late- life

dementia 300– 1

malaria 394 microbiome 421– 22

ADHD 423

multiple sclerosis 319 myalgic encephalitis/ chronic fatigue

syndrome 382t, 387– 88

neurocysticercosis

cognitive function 271– 72 depression 270 epilepsy 265– 66 headache 266

neuroEbola 44, 45 obsessive– compulsive disorder 340– 41 toxocariasis 248– 49, 250 toxoplasmosis 208– 9

Index 471

see also acute necrotizing encephalopathy of

childhood; adolescents; infants

Chlamydia spp.

cognitive function 368 C. pneumoniae 301– 2, 394 myalgic encephalitis/ chronic fatigue

syndrome 351t, 361 chorea 267 chorioretinitis

child development 447 neuroEbola 44– 45

chronic fatigue syndrome, see myalgic

encephalomyelitis/ chronic fatigue

syndrome Citrobacter rodentium 422 climate change 4, 463

child development 443, 444 fungal infections 454 Helicobacter pylori 4, 443, 453– 54

Clostridiaceae 425

Clostridium spp. 421, 423

C. bolteae 425 C. dicile 421– 22, 429 C. perfringens 462 C. scatologenes 429

cognitive function 2, 348– 49, 392– 96, 393t

acute necrotizing encephalopathy of

childhood 290– 92, 294

cerebral malaria 185

biomarkers of severity 197– 98 chikungunya 463– 64 child development 445t Covid- 19 52, 53– 55, 56– 57

long Covid 388– 92, 389t cytomegalovirus 67– 70, 68f, 69f, 453– 54 dengue virus 463– 64 encephalitis lethargica 11– 12 bromyalgia 368– 80, 369f, 370t, 381t global burden 461 Helicobacter pylori 3, 143– 45 herpes encephalitis 1– 2 herpes simplex virus 31– 32 HIV 77– 81, 82– 83 HTLV- 1 86, 87, 91– 93 major depressive disorder 332 microbiome 419, 424– 25, 426– 28 multiple sclerosis 316 myalgic encephalitis/ chronic fatigue

syndrome 368, 380– 88, 382t, 387f neurocysticercosis 265– 66, 268– 69, 271– 73 neuroEbola 44 neurosyphilis 1– 2, 108– 9, 110t, 338– 39 older people 300– 1

Parkinson’s disease 424– 25 post- treatment Lyme disease 120– 25, 127– 29 toxocariasis 247, 248– 50, 258, 453– 54 toxoplasmosis 2, 209, 220, 221– 23, 453– 54 tuberculous meningitis 163– 70, 166f– 67f,

171– 72, 175– 76 Whipple’s disease 133– 35, 136, 138– 39 see also dementia

coma 42, 46 compulsions

encephalitis lethargica 16, 17 see also obsessive– compulsive disorder

computerized cognitive rehabilitation therapy

(CCRT), cerebral malaria 186– 89, 187f,

199– 200 EEG evaluation 194– 96, 195f, 196f, 197 machine learning modeling of

neurodevelopmental outcomes 199 neurological sequelae 189– 90 psychiatric eects 192– 93 school performance 190– 91

condylomata 450– 51 confabulation 136, 138 confusion

Covid- 19 52, 53– 54 delirium 307– 8 bromyalgia 370t human African trypanosomiasis 234 neuroEbola 42, 46

Whipple’s disease 134

congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) 66, 66f

cognitive function 67– 70, 68f, 69f hearing loss 67 transmission 66, 66f

congenital rubella syndrome 447 congenital Zika syndrome 447 conjunctivitis 44– 45 corneal disease 45 cortisol 431 Corynebacterium spp. 420– 21 Covid- 19 1, 2, 50– 51, 57

acute necrotizing encephalopathy of

childhood 285 airborne transmission 3– 4 child development 445t, 447– 48 cognitive function 393t cognitive presentations term 54– 57 dementia risk 311– 12, 461 early neurological manifestations of CNS

damage 51– 52 genetics 3, 464 OCD 463– 64 older people 300

 Index

Covid- 19 (cont.)

olfactory impairment 380 pathophysiology 52– 53 psychiatric and neuropsychiatric

presentations 53– 54

see also major depressive disorder

Desulfovibrio spp. 461

diabetes mellitus 420– 21 diet and nutrition

child development 443 microbiome 422, 428, 429, 431

ADHD 423 anxiety 424 depression 424

older people 300– 1

disorientation 52 dogs, and toxocariasis 244, 245 dopamine

HIV 78 microbiome

ADHD 423 Parkinson’s disease 424

toxoplasmosis 218– 19, 220, 223

OCD 340 dysexecutive syndrome 52, 53– 54 dystonia 267

east African (Rhodesian African)

trypanosomiasis 229

see also Trypanosoma brucei: T.b. rhodesiense

Ebolavirus disease (EVD) 41

clinical features and diagnosis 42

see also neuroEbola elderly people, see older people electroencephalography (EEG)

acute necrotizing encephalopathy of

childhood 286

cerebral malaria 194– 97, 195f, 196f, 199 emotional lability

encephalitis lethargica 11

human African trypanosomiasis 234

neurosyphilis 104 encephalitis 4

animal models 318– 20

child development 447

Covid- 19 51– 52

dementia risk 303– 4, 306– 7

dierential diagnosis 288 herpes simplex viruses 317– 18 oligoclonal bands 317– 18 post- treatment Lyme disease 125 tick- borne diseases 393– 94

Whipple’s disease 135, 136– 37, 138b

encephalitis lethargica 4– 5, 9– 10, 19– 20

children

ADHD 13– 14 nocturnal excitation crises 10– 11 post- encephalitic behavioral

syndrome 11– 14

hysteria- like and psychosis- like

symptoms 18– 19

inuenza clinical features

comparison 1 mental symptoms 9– 10, 14– 16 oculogyric crises 16– 17 pseudo- neurasthenic phase 10

encephalomyelitis

Covid- 19 51– 52 measles 317– 18 multiple sclerosis 319 post- treatment Lyme disease 125

encephalopathy

Covid- 19 52– 53 herpes simplex virus 44 HIV 82 human immunodeciency virus 44 Lyme 121– 22, 125– 26 neuroEbola 42– 43, 44 see also acute necrotizing encephalopathy of

childhood; cerebral malaria

endometriosis 450– 51 Enterococcus spp. 423 enteroviruses

child development 445t, 447 bromyalgia 363t myalgic encephalitis/ chronic fatigue

syndrome 351t, 360

epilepsy

cerebral malaria 197 HIV 78 human herpesviruses 319 neurocysticercosis 2, 264, 265– 66, 269–

70, 271– 73 risk factors in children 2 status epilepticus 189 eiler’s murine encephalomyelitis

virus 319 toxoplasmosis 2, 453– 54 see also seizures

epinephrine 419– 20

 Index

Epstein– Barr virus (EBV)

bipolar disorder 338 child development 447 cognitive function 393t dementia 301– 2

Alzheimer’s disease 359– 60, 394 bromyalgia 362– 68, 363t major depressive disorder 336– 37 multiple sclerosis 317, 320, 321, 324, 325,

359– 60, 462

myalgic encephalitis/ chronic fatigue

syndrome 351t, 359– 60, 361

pollutants 444

Escherichia coli

acute necrotizing encephalopathy of

childhood 285– 86

microbiome 421

schizophrenia 423– 24

ethnicity, see race and ethnicity Eubacterium spp. 425 euphoria

encephalitis lethargica 11 HIV 82

excitation crises 10– 11 executive function

cerebral malaria 187– 88, 189, 190 Covid- 19 55

long Covid 389t bromyalgia 369– 79, 370t, 380, 381t HIV- associated neurocognitive disorder 308 HTLV- 1 88 microbiome 428 myalgic encephalitis/ chronic fatigue

syndrome 382t neurocysticercosis 268– 69, 271– 72 post- treatment Lyme disease 123– 24, 129 tuberculous meningitis 165, 168– 69,

172, 175– 76 Whipple’s disease 133– 34, 135, 136– 38

exophthalmos 44– 45 eye pain 45

Faecalibacterium spp. 423

bipolar disorder 424

fatal familial insomnia 310 fatigue

Covid- 19 1, 53– 54, 55– 56

long Covid 389t bromyalgia 370t major depressive disorder 332, 333 Middle East respiratory syndrome 56 multiple sclerosis 316 myalgic encephalitis/ chronic fatigue

syndrome 382t, 388

Parkinson’s disease 150 post- treatment Lyme disease 125, 129

severe acute respiratory syndrome 56 febrile seizures 2 bromyalgia (FM) 348– 49, 388– 92, 395

cognitive function 38, 368– 80, 369f, 370t, 381t

evolution of diagnostic criteria 404– 5

infection 361– 68, 362f, 363t Firmicutes 428

Parkinson’s disease 424– 25 folate 220 frontotemporal dementia 136, 137– 38, 138b

gait disorders

human African trypanosomiasis 234

neurosyphilis 104– 5

Whipple’s disease 135, 137 Gambian trypanosomiasis, see west African

(Gambian) trypanosomiasis

gender factors

cerebral malaria 190– 92, 193– 94

Covid- 19 53– 54, 55

cytomegalovirus 67

Helicobacter pylori 148– 50, 152, 153– 54

herpes simplex virus 24, 31, 36– 37

HIV 76, 81, 82

HTLV- 1 86

major depressive disorder 152– 53

neuroEbola 43

toxoplasmosis 210– 11, 212– 13

Whipple’s disease 133 generalized anxiety disorder

comorbid major depressive disorder 332

HTLV- 1 90– 91 general paresis 104, 106, 109 genetics 464

acute necrotizing encephalopathy of

childhood 280– 81, 283– 84, 284f, 294 clinical manifestations 286– 87 dierential diagnosis 288, 289f– 90f outcomes 293 SARS- CoV- 2 infection 285

Alzheimer’s disease 3, 147– 48, 464 bipolar disorder 337– 38, 449– 50 child development 452 Covid- 19 3, 464 HTLV- 1 87– 88 multiple sclerosis 151– 52, 316 neurocysticercosis 267 Parkinson’s disease 150 schizophrenia 337– 38

toxoplasmosis 340 Gertsmann– Straussler– Scheinker syndrome 310 Giardia spp. 363t

Index 475

gliosis 51– 52 globalization 443 Glossina spp. (tsetse y) 229, 230– 31, 232

preventive measures 238, 238t gonorrhea 450– 51 gra- versus- host disease (GVHD) 321– 22 Gram- negative bacteria 332– 34 Gram- positive bacteria 338 group A Streptococcus (GAS) 340– 41 Guillain– Barré syndrome

Campylobacter jejuni 145

Covid- 19 51– 52 gummas 103 gut microbiome 3, 419, 431

association with mental health

conditions 422– 25, 426f history 419– 20 lifespan perspective 420– 22 mechanisms of interaction with enteric and

central nervous systems 426– 31 multiple sclerosis 462

Haemophilus inuenza type b 306 hallucinations

encephalitis lethargica 9– 10, 17, 18– 19 HIV 82 human African trypanosomiasis 234 neurocysticercosis 268 neuroEbola 42, 43 neurosyphilis 338– 39 Whipple’s disease 134, 136, 138

headache

Covid- 19 52 bromyalgia 370t human African trypanosomiasis 233 neurocysticercosis 264, 266, 269– 70, 272– 73 neuroEbola 42, 46

tuberculous meningitis 164 Whipple’s disease 137

hearing impairment

child development 445t, 447 cytomegalovirus 67, 68– 69 neuroEbola 45

Helicobacter pylori (Hp) 3, 142– 43

animal models and in vitro studies 146– 47 apoptosis 145– 46 climate change 4, 443, 453– 54 dementia 147– 50, 303– 4 depression 152– 54 disruption of vitamins and homocysteine

metabolism 143– 45, 144f mitigation strategies 154 multiple sclerosis 151– 52

Parkinson’s disease 150– 51, 303– 4 poverty 453– 54 toxoplasmosis 217

transmission 142– 43 helminthiases 394, 395 hemophagocytosis lymphohistiocytosis

(HLH) 288 hepatitis B 362– 68, 363t hepatitis C

cognitive function 393t comorbid HIV 79 dementia 308– 9

Alzheimer’s disease 394 bromyalgia 362– 68, 363t myalgic encephalitis/ chronic fatigue

syndrome 351t, 360– 61

pollutants 444

hepatitis E 444 herpes encephalitis 1– 2, 309– 10 herpes simplex viruses (HSV) 24, 37, 317– 18

cell cycle 25f children 27

development 446– 47, 450– 51

neurological decits 27– 29, 28f– 30f

psychological conditions 29 dementia 32– 35, 33t, 35f, 301– 2, 303, 306

Alzheimer’s disease 461, 465 bromyalgia 363t major depressive disorder 336 myalgic encephalitis/ chronic fatigue

syndrome 351t, 361 neurocognitive decits 30– 32, 31f, 32f neuropsychiatric sequelae 44 pollutants 444 psychiatric illness 36– 37 transmission

pathways 24– 25 vertical 27

viral latency 26, 26f Herpesviridae viruses 301– 2 herpes zoster 303 HIV 76– 77, 82– 83

apathy 80– 81 cognitive function 368, 393t, 393, 395 dementia 306– 7, 308

Alzheimer’s disease 394

depression 79– 80

major depressive disorder 337

bromyalgia 362– 68, 363t HIV- associated leukoencephalopathy 308 HIV- associated neurocognitive disorder

(HAND) 77– 80, 308 incorporation hypothesis 322 mania 81

 Index

HIV (cont.)

neuropsychiatric sequelae 44 neurosyphilis 103

diagnosis 106, 107t neurocognitive function 109, 110t, 111– 12

treatment 108 pollutants 444 psychosis 82 syphilis 101, 112 toxoplasmosis 217 tuberculous meningitis 165, 172

homocysteine (Hcy) 143– 45, 144f, 146 hostility 126– 27 human African trypanosomiasis (HAT, sleeping

sickness) 2, 229– 30, 241 biological models 239– 41 clinical manifestations 231– 32, 232t

early stage 232– 33 late stage 233

current knowledge, and knowledge

gaps 236– 38 diagnosis 235– 36 life cycle and pathogenesis 230

arthropod stage 231

mammalian stage 230– 31 motor disturbances 234, 235f preventive measures 238t psychiatric disturbances 234, 235f sensory disturbances 234, 235f sleep disturbances 233– 34, 235f transmission pathways 231 treatment 236, 237t

human betaherpesvirus 5, see cytomegalovirus Human Development Index

herpes simplex virus 29f To xo c ar a 4

human herpesviruses (HHV) 2

bipolar disorder 338 cognitive function 393t dementia and Alzheimer’s disease 3, 301–

2, 394 epilepsy 319 bromyalgia 362– 68, 363t multiple sclerosis 317, 320– 21

animal models 319– 20 future directions 325 incorporation hypothesis 321, 322– 23

myalgic encephalitis/ chronic fatigue

syndrome 351t, 359– 61

human immunodeciency virus, see HIV human T- cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV)

cognitive function 393t

human T- cell lymphotropic virus type 1

(HTLV- 1) 86– 87, 92– 93

cognitive function 88– 89 dementia 90 depression and anxiety 90– 91 bromyalgia 362– 68, 363t pathophysiological and neuroanatomical

ndings 91– 92

transmission 86

human T- cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-

1)- associated myelopathy tropic spastic paraparesis (HAM/ TSP) 86– 93, 318

hydrocephalus

child development 445t, 447

neurocysticercosis 264, 267– 68, 272– 73 hyperactivity 11, 13– 14 hyperphrenia 11 hypertension 142– 43 hypervigilance 11 hypothalamic– pituitary– adrenal (HPA)

axis 426f, 428, 431

schizophrenia 423– 24 hypoxic encephalopathy 52– 53 hysteria 18, 19– 20

immune reconstitution inammatory syndrome

(IRIS) 318

immunocompromised people

cytomegalovirus 64– 65

HIV 76– 77, 81

toxoplasmosis 208– 9 immunoglobulin G (IgG) 71– 73, 72f immunosenescence 300– 1 impulsivity

child development 452

encephalitis lethargica 11– 12, 13

toxoplasmosis 210 indoles 429 infants

herpes simplex virus 27

microbiome 420– 21, 427

autism spectrum disorders 423

neuroEbola 45 inammation, and microbiome 428, 429– 31 inammatory bowel disease (IBD)

major depressive disorder 332– 34

microbiome 422 inuenza

acute necrotizing encephalopathy of

childhood 280– 81, 282– 83, 284–

85, 287 bipolar disorder 338 child development 449– 51, 455 dementia risk 303– 4, 312 encephalitis lethargica clinical features

comparison 1

Index 477

myalgic encephalitis/ chronic fatigue

syndrome 351t, 360

information processing speed, see

processing speed infundibular syndrome 18– 19 injecting drug users 101 insomnia 42 intelligence

child development 445t, 447 cytomegalovirus 67– 68, 68f, 69f

toxoplasmosis 216– 17 interleukin- 1 beta 52– 53 interleukin- 6 52– 53 interleukin- 10 146 intracerebral hemorrhage 51– 52 intracranial hemorrhage 51– 52 irritability

encephalitis lethargica 10, 11, 16, 17

neurosyphilis 104

Whipple’s disease 136 irritable bowel syndrome 427 Ixodes tick 118, 128, 393– 94

James, William 167, 419– 20 Japanese encephalitis 2 John Cunningham virus (JCV) 318

dementia risk 306– 7

myalgic encephalitis/ chronic fatigue

syndrome 351t, 361

Koch’s postulates 317, 348, 359– 60 Korsako ’s syndrome 135, 138b Kramer, Franz 13– 14 kuru 310

Lachnospiraceae spp. 425 Lactobacillaceae 424– 25

Lactobacillus spp. 420– 21, 429, 430

L. rhamnosus 424

Lange, Carl 419– 20 language

child development 445t

bromyalgia 370t

neurocysticercosis 271– 72

post- treatment Lyme disease 123, 124,

127, 128– 29 tuberculous meningitis 164, 165, 169– 70 Whipple’s disease 134, 135– 36, 137, 138

larva migrans

neural, see cerebral toxocariasis visceral 246

leaky gut syndrome

Alzheimer’s disease 425

major depressive disorder 332– 34 Leigh syndrome 288 lethargy

encephalitis lethargica 9– 10

Whipple’s disease 135 Lewy body like syndrome 136, 137– 38, 138b light sensitivity 45 long Covid 349– 50, 395– 96

cognitive function 368, 388– 92, 389t,

393t, 394

olfactory impairment 380 Lyme disease 118– 49, 128

bipolar disorder 339

child development 445t

climate change 444

cognitive function 393t, 393– 94

dementia risk 303– 4

early disseminated infection 119

bromyalgia 363t

pediatric acute neuropsychiatric

syndrome 461– 62