2015), and intellectual disability (Waldorf & McAdams, 2013). Maternal infection from Treponema pallidum can be associated with hydrocephalus, brain infarcts, stillbirth in the child (Neu et al., 2015), seizures, and intellectual disability (Waldorf & McAdams, 2013). Central nervous system abnormalities associated with parvo­virus B19 can include rare meningoencephalitis (Neu et al., 2015) and abnormal neurodevelopment. Congenital infections with cytomegalovirus are associated with sensorineural hearing loss and abnormal intellectual development (Waldorf & McAdams, 2013). Although not considered a TORCH infection, the Zika virus can result in profound developmental decits, as indicated by the Zika epidemic in 2015 and 2016 (Wheeler et al., 2020), when maternal infections during gestation severely aected brain development in some fetuses and ospring, including microcephaly, decreased brain volumes, abnormal corpus collosum, and cortical abnormalities (Sanz Cortes et al., 2018). In a series of 121 children with congenital Zika syndrome in Brazil, the majority at a mean age of approximately two and a half years had de­velopmental ages of 2– 3 months, with substantial impairment in all developmental domains. While no longer considered an epidemic, congenital Zika syndrome con­tinues to occur in endemic regions such as parts of Brazil (Wheeler et al., 2020).