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Complementary or Alternative Plant Based Medicines and Its Active Constituents Responsible…
ITexLi.112971
medicine is recommended for patients with high fever and body aches and restless-
401
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ness problems. A person experiencing this type of fever might want to remain in
motion throughout to avoid restlessness. This medicine is recommended in case a
person catches a fever due to getting wet in the rain [104].
. Conclusion
Homeopathic medicines show high therapeutic efficacy and synergetic effects
due to the presence of many active constituents in the plants, which altogether
cause synergetic effect and are responsible for the overall therapeutic efficacy of the
homeopathic drug. There is an essential need for physicochemical, phytochemical,
and High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography studies of homeopathic medicines to laid down the standard for a monograph of pharmacopeia standards. In the
future, these studies may open the area of vast research opportunities in medicinal
plant biochemistry. The quantitative estimation of homeopathic drugs should be
carefully evaluated and quantified to determine the presence of active compounds in
these drugs, responsible for the overall pharmacological activity of the homeopathic
medicine. The presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenols in plant drugs act as a
natural source of antioxidant substances of high importance in homeopathic medicine. The concentration of these active compounds and their antioxidant activity
indicate that these compounds contribute to the intense antioxidant activity of
Homeopathic medicine. The presence of active constituents in homeopathic mother
tincture suggests that the mother tincture of homeopathic plant drugs contained
specific active compounds which justify typical medicinal usage in Homeopathy and
the reason for a cure and healing properties for homeopathic medicines.
Medicinal Plants – Chemical, Biochemical, and Pharmacological Approaches
402
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Chapter 21
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Use of Indigenous Knowledge
Systems for Managing Cattle
Health in Zimbabwe: Challenges
and Opportunities
VimbaiGobvu, Kudakwashe C.Chirigo,
Takudzwa L.Charakupa
Abstract
Cattle play a pivotal role especially for the rural farmer by providing milk, draught
power, meat and serving as an indication of wealth among other roles. Research and
development of cattle production especially in communal areas can be a sustainable
way to improve the livelihoods of the rural population. Major constraints to communal
cattle production include high prevalence of diseases, limited forage and poor marketing linkages. For reasons that include; lack of veterinary clinics and extension
services, high costs of drugs and potency of the ethnoveterinary medicines, many
farmers have resorted to the use of their indigenous knowledge systems (IKS) in the
management of cattle diseases. Generally, these practices are cheap, locally available, and sustainable especially in times of climate change and variability. One of the
challenges in the use of (IKS) is the lack of scientific evidence on their efficacy and
the lack of precise dosages, which could lead to toxicity. There is need therefore for
documentation, research and scientific validation of IKS to increase their sustainable
use and adoption in livestock health management.
Keywords: ethnoveterinary medicine, livestock, conventional, research, scientific
validation
and Clarice P.Mudzengi
. Introduction
Livestock production is important in the livelihoods of people living in developing
countries like Zimbabwe. It has an important role in food security and nutrition,
and the general economy [1, 2]. For instance, cattle provide food, manure for crop
production and soil fertility management, raw material for industry, cash income as
well as in promoting saving, fuel, social functions, and employment [3]. Cattle are
an important livestock species in Zimbabwe, as they contribute about 25% to gross
domestic product (GDP). Generally, cattle rearing is significant to the socio-economic
profile of rural households [4].
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