Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_5605_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана

Schistosomiasis is a neglected parasitic tropical disease caused by blood flukes (trematode worms) of the genus Schistosoma. According to WHO [1] estimates, at least 251.4 million people reported from 78 countries were in need of preventative care for bilharziasis in 2021. Schistosomiasis, a disease caused by Schistosoma mansoni (intestinal) and S. haematobium (urogenital) species, is mainly concentrated in sub­Saharan Africa, where about 90% of the disease burden exists. The transmission of these species occurs through feces and urine, respectively [2]. Endemic areas where the infection is prevalent are inhabited by over 700 million people, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. Schistosomiasis is more prevalent in impoverished rural com­munities, particularly in regions where fishing and agricultural activities are prevalent. These areas are often characterized by poor communities lacking access to potable water and adequate sanitation [3]. Morbidity reduction can therefore be accomplished with the use of preventative therapy, which should be repeated over a number of years in endemic areas with moderate to high transmission [4]. According to WHO [5] the most frequent illnesses worldwide are soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections, which mostly afflict the poorest and most destitute populations. Where sanitation is inadequate, the soil is polluted with egg-infected human feces and fecal waste [5]. The primary causative species that infect humans are whipworms (Trichuris trichiura), hookworms (Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale) and roundworms (Ascaris lumbricoides) [6]. STH infections afflict at least 24% of the world’s population, which exceeds 1.5 billion individuals. Infections are widely distrib- uted in tropical and subtropical locations, with the Americas, China, East Asia and sub­Saharan Africa having the highest frequency [5].