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- •Contents
- •Preface
- •About the Editor
- •References
- •2. Eye, Posterior
- •Optical Coherence Tomography: Background and Principles
- •1. Eye, Anterior
- •Corneal Topography and Tomography
- •Ultrasound Biomicroscopy
- •Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography
- •Confocal Microscopy
- •Specular Microscopy
- •Optical Coherence Tomography: Clinical Applications
- •Normal retinal anatomy
- •Retinal vascular disease: Diabetes, retinal vein, and artery occlusions
- •Choroidal disease: Age-related macular degeneration, myopic degeneration, and central serous chorioretinopathy (CSR)
- •Macular pucker and hole
- •Hereditary retinal dystrophies: Retinitis pigmentosa, Stargardt’s disease
- •Medication toxicity
- •Retinal detachment
- •Tumors (choroidal nevus, choroidal melanoma, and lymphoma)
- •References
- •3. Coronary Arteries
- •Introduction
- •Normal vessel wall, intimal thickening, and intimal xanthoma (fatty streak)
- •Pathological intimal thickening
- •Fibroatheroma
- •Ruptured plaques
- •Plaque erosion
- •Healed lesions
- •Imaging of Plaque Instability
- •Pathology of plaque instability
- •OCT imaging of plaque instability
- •Conclusion
- •References
- •4. Skin
- •Introduction
- •Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)
- •Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)
- •Future Directions
- •References
- •5. Upper Gastrointestinal Tract
- •Introduction
- •Esophagus
- •Stomach
- •Disclosures
- •References
- •6. Lower Gastrointestinal Tract
- •Introduction
- •Normal Microanatomy
- •Endoscopy
- •Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy
- •CLE of normal lower gastrointestinal tract
- •Limitations of CLE
- •Optical Coherence Tomography
- •Endocytoscopy
- •Enteropathy
- •Pouchitis
- •Celiac disease
- •Crohn’s disease
- •Ulcerative colitis
- •Pseudomembranous colitis
- •Intestinal spirochetosis
- •Microscopic colitis
- •Collagenous colitis
- •Lymphocytic colitis
- •Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)
- •Neoplasia
- •Morphology
- •Molecular imaging
- •Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD)
- •References
- •7. Pancreaticobiliary System
- •Introduction
- •Pancreatic Cystic Lesions
- •EUS-nCLE image acquisition
- •Characteristics of in vivo microscopy of PCLs
- •Serous cystadenomas
- •Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm
- •Mucinous cystic neoplasms
- •Pseudocysts
- •Cystic neuroendocrine tumor
- •Squamous lined cysts (Lymphoepithelial cyst)
- •Differentiation of mucinous and non-mucinous PCLs
- •Future research in EUS-nCLE
- •Conclusion
- •Solid Pancreatic Lesions
- •Endomicroscopy characteristics of SPLs
- •Endomicroscopy of the Bile Duct
- •CLE image acquisition in the bile duct
- •Probe-based CLE patterns in biliary stenosis
- •Correlation of pCLE imaging of the bile duct with representative histology
- •Conclusion
- •References
- •8. Lungs
- •Introduction
- •Principle of optical imaging techniques
- •Role of ex vivo optical imaging techniques in lung cancer
- •FFOCT, MPM, and FCM can identify normal ex vivo lung tissue
- •FFOCT, MPM, and FCM can diagnose lung cancers in ex vivo tissue
- •In vivo application of optical imaging techniques in normal human lung and lung cancer
- •Conclusion
- •References
- •9. Breast
- •Introduction
- •Optical Mammography
- •Photoacoustic Imaging
- •Raman Spectroscopy
- •Future Directions
- •References
- •10. Central Nervous System
- •Introduction
- •Technique
- •Histopathology of Optical Images
- •Normal brain, dura, blood vessels, and blood
- •CNS Tumors
- •Artifacts
- •Limitations
- •Future Directions
- •Disclosures
- •Financial Support
- •Acknowledgments
- •Abbreviations
- •References
- •11. Head and Neck
- •Introduction
- •Applications
- •Diagnosis and evaluation
- •Surgical treatment
- •Current Limitations
- •Conclusion
- •References
- •12. Genitourinary System
- •Introduction
- •Bladder
- •Upper Urinary Tracts
- •Kidney
- •Prostate
- •Testis
- •Future Perspectives
- •References
- •13. Gynecologic Tract
- •Overview
- •IVM Applications in the Cervix
- •Optical spectroscopy and spectroscopic imaging
- •Spectroscopic imaging
- •Confocal microscopy
- •Optical coherence tomography
- •IVM detection of cervical neoplasia in resource-poor setting
- •Vulva
- •Histopathologic overview
- •IVM features of normal vulva
- •IVM features of vulvar pathology
- •Squamous dysplasia and carcinoma
- •Melanoma
- •Basal cell carcinoma
- •Extramammary Paget disease (EMPD)
- •Vagina
- •Histopathologic overview
- •IVM features of normal vagina
- •IVM features of vaginal pathology
- •Squamous dysplasia and carcinoma
- •Vaginal atrophy
- •Uterine Corpus
- •Ovary
- •Histopathologic overview
- •IVM features of normal ovary
- •IVM features of pathologic ovary
- •Fallopian Tube
- •Histopathologic overview
- •IVM features of normal fallopian tube
- •IVM features of pathologic fallopian tube
- •Peritoneum
- •Histopathologic overview
- •IVM features of normal peritoneum
- •IVM features of pathologic peritoneum
- •References
- •14. Hepatobiliary System
- •Introduction
- •Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)
- •Conventional Confocal Microscopy and Confocal Endomicroscopy
- •Representative Human Confocal Laser Endomicroscopic Studies
- •Future Directions
- •Conclusion
- •References
- •15. Molecular Applications
- •References
- •Introduction
- •Intraoperative Evaluation of Surgical Margins
- •Applications in breast conservation surgery
- •Optical spectroscopy
- •Raman spectroscopy
- •Optical coherence tomography
- •Applications in Mohs micrographic surgery
- •Rapid lump examination
- •Confocal microscopy
- •Optical coherence tomography
- •Intraoperative Evaluation of Sentinel Lymph Nodes
- •Rapid Evaluation of Biopsy Adequacy
- •Conclusion
- •References
- •Index



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Published by
World Scientic Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.
5 Toh Tuck Link, Singapore 596224
USA oce: 27 Warren Street, Suite 401-402, Hackensack, NJ 07601
UK oce: 57 Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London WC2H 9HE
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Quinn, Andrew M., editor.
Title: In vivo microscopy / [edited by] Andrew M. Quinn,
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, USA.
Other titles: In vivo microscopy (Quinn)
Description: New Jersey : World Scientic, [2024] | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identiers: LCCN 2023023181 | ISBN 9789813206977 (hardcover) |
ISBN 9789813206984 (ebook for institutions) | ISBN 9789813206991 (ebook for individuals)
Subjects: MESH: Intravital Microscopy--methods
Classication: LCC QH207 | NLM WN 180 | DDC 570.28/2--dc23/eng/20230703
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2023023181
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Copyright © 2024 by World Scientic Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.
All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval
system now known or to be invented, without written permission from the publisher.
For photocopying of material in this volume, please pay a copying fee through the Copyright Clearance
Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. In this case permission to photocopy
is not required from the publisher.
For any available supplementary material, please visit
https://www.worldscientic.com/worldscibooks/10.1142/10364#t=suppl
Desk Editors: Aanand Jayaraman/Joy Quek
Typeset by Stallion Press
Email: enquiries@stallionpress.com
Printed in Singapore

© 2024 World Scientific Publishing Company
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789813206984_fmatter
Preface
Microscopes, first used in medicine in 1653, have been the gold standard of
pathologic diagnosis for hundreds of years. A new generation of miniature
microscopes, however,has radically improvedthe ability of scientists, clinicians, and pathologists to view amazingly clear, high-resolution images of
human tissue and cells in vivo via non-invasive procedures in real time at
the point of care.
The new technology — called In Vivo Microscopy or IVM —
therefore promises to advance early disease detection considerably and
shorten the time to prognostication and treatment. This revolution in
microscopy and diagnostics has huge implications for telepathology and
telemedicine — two fields that are exploding in the brave new world of
digital medicine.
This book is the first to provide a comprehensive but concise update
on the use of IVM technologies across all major organ systems with a
v

vi Preface
logical focus on cancer and inflammation. It describes both the science
and practical application of IVM and the close translational collaboration
between the diagnostician and researcher. Contributions by leading experts
from around the world will show you the human body like never before and
provide a complete picture of the state of the art of in vivo microscopy.

© 2024 World Scientific Publishing Company
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789813206984_fmatter
About the Editor
Andrew Quinn is from the western part of New York State, where he
earned his undergraduate and medical degrees. He trained in anatomic
and clinical pathology at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston,
Massachusetts, where he also completed fellowships in pathology informatics and cytopathology. During his informatics training, Andrew was
introduced to Dr. Gary Tearney, who opened Andrew’s eyes to the potential
of in vivo microscopy (IVM) in clinical and research pursuits. Dr. Tearney
and Andrew collaborated over the years that followed to raise awareness
about IVM within the pathology community and offered the first educational course on the diagnosis of IVM images. Andrew has practiced clinical informatics and cytopathology since finishing his training. He served
as the Director of Pathology Informatics at Parkland Health and the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, Texas, from 2015
to 2024.
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© 2024 World Scientific Publishing Company
https://doi.org/10.1142/9789813206984_fmatter
Contents
Preface v
About the Editor vii
1. Eye, Anterior 1
Stephen E. Orlin and Daniel Saresky
2. Eye, Posterior 9
Neepa Shah and Anton Orlin
3. Coronary Arteries 29
Sho Torii, Aloke V. Finn, and Renu Virmani
4. Skin 55
Bianca Sanabria, Attiya Haroon, Raheel Zubair, and Babar Rao
5. Upper Gastrointestinal Tract 67
Daniel Schmolze and Vani J. A. Konda
ix
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