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John W. Michael, MEd, CPO, FAAOP

Assistant Professor and Director Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Northwestern University Prosthetics–Orthotics Center Chicago, Illinois

Laura A. Miller, PhD, CP

Research Prosthetist Center for Bionic Medicine Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago Chicago, Illinois

Mark David Muller, CPO, MS, FAAOP

Instructor Department of Health Science, Prosthetics and Orthotics Program California State University, Dominguez Hills Carson, California

George Peter Nanos III, MD

Navy Orthopaedic Surgery Specialty Leader Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Walter Reed National Military Medical Center Bethesda, Maryland

LeRoy H. Oddie, CP

Research Prosthetist Department of Extremity Trauma and Amputation Center of Excellence Walter Reed National Military Medical Center Bethesda, Maryland

Ramona M. Okumura, BS, CP

Senior Lecturer Department of Rehabilitation Medicine University of Washington Seattle, Washington

Michael Orendurff, PhD

Director Biomechanics Laboratory Orthocare Innovations Mountlake Terrace, Washington

Paul F. Pasquina, MD

Chair, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Bethesda, Maryland

Kathryn M. Peck, MD

Hand and Upper Extremity Surgeon The Indiana Hand to Shoulder Center Indianapolis, Indiana

Branden Petersen, BS, CP

Upper Extremity Prosthetic Specialist National Upper Extremity Prosthetic Program Hanger Clinic Watertown, New York

Terrence M. Philbin, DO

Foot and Ankle Orthopedic Surgeon Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Center Westerville, Ohio

Michael S. Pinzur, MD

Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Loyola University Health System Maywood, Illinois

David J. Polga, MD

Orthopaedic Surgeon Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Marshﬁeld Clinic Marshﬁeld, Wisconsin

LTC Benjamin K. Potter, MD

Chief Orthopaedic Surgeon, Amputee Care Program Deputy Chief, Orthopaedic Surgery Vice Chair (Research) and Associate Professor Uniformed Services University-Walter Reed Department of Surgery Bethesda, Maryland

Charles H. Pritham, CPO

Supervisor, Orthotic and Prosthetic Services Prosthetics and Sensory Aids Service North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System Gainesville, Florida

Alison L. Pruziner, PD, DPT

Research Physical Therapist Department of Rehabilitation Department of Defense and Veterans Affairs Extremity Trauma and Amputation Center of Excellence Bethesda, Maryland

Thomas Passero, CP, AS

Clinical Director Department of Upper Limb Prosthetics Handspring Rehabilitation, LLC Middletown, New York

Mark Edward Puhaindran, MBBS, MMED (Surg), MRCS (Edin)

Senior Consultant Department of Hand and Reconstructive Microsurgery National University Hospital of Singapore Singapore

Robin M. Queen, PhD, FACSM

Associate Professor Director, Kevin P. Granata Biomechanics Lab Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics Virginia Tech Blacksburg, Virginia

Robert Radocy, MSc

CEO/President TRS Inc. Boulder, Colorado

Peter Charles Rhee, DO, MS

Hand and Microvascular Surgeon Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation San Antonio Military Medical Center (formerly Brooke Army Medical Center) San Antonio, Texas

John Rheinstein, CP

Lower/Upper Extremity Specialist Hanger Clinic New York, New York

Michael Schmitz, MD

Chief of Orthopedics/Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta Department of Orthopaedics Children’s Orthopedics of Atlanta Atlanta, Georgia

Phoebe Scott-Wyard, DO, FAAP, FAAPMR

Medical Director Child Amputee Prosthetics Project Shriners Hospital for Children Los Angeles, California

Charles R. Scoville, PT, MEd, DPT

Department Head Department of Rehabilitation Walter Reed National Military Medical Center Bethesda, Maryland

Scott B. Shawen, MD

Chief, General and Foot and Ankle Surgery Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Walter Reed National Military Medical Center Bethesda, Maryland

Alexander Yong Shik Shin, MD

Consultant and Professor of Orthopedic Surgery Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Division of Hand and Microvascular Surgery Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota

Randall W. Richardson, ABC-CPA, RPA

Hanger Clinic Oklahoma City, Oklahoma

Aimee J. Riley, DO

Orthopedic Surgery Resident Department of Orthopedic Surgery OhioHealth Doctors Hospital Columbus, Ohio

Bradley M. Ritland, PT, DPT

Chief, Amputee Section Department of Physical Therapy Walter Reed National Military Medical Center Bethesda, Maryland

David B. Rotter, CPO

Clinical Manager Department of Prosthetics Scheck & Siress Chicago, Illinois

Jaime T. Shores, MD, FACS

Clinical Director of Hand and Upper Extremity Transplant Program Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland

Jason M. Souza, MD

Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, Illinois

Gerald E. Stark, MSEM, CPO/L, FAAOP

Senior Upper Limb Clinical Specialist Department of Professional Clinical Services Ottobock Austin, Texas

Phillip M. Stevens, MEd, CPO, FAAOP

Prosthetist/Orthotist Hanger Clinic Adjunct Assistant Professor Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation University of Utah Salt Lake City, Utah

John Sullivan MSc, HCPC, Registered Prosthetist

Clinical Specialist, Prosthetics Prosthetic Rehabilitation Unit Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital Stanmore, London, UK

Francois Van Der Watt, CPO, LPO

Director Department of Sports Prosthetics and Development Horton’s Orthotics and Prosthetics Fort Smith, Arizona

Hugh G. Watts, MD

Department of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery Shriners Hospital for Children Clinical Professor of Orthopedic Surgery Department of Orthopedics University of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles, California

LCDR Scott M. Tintle, MD, MC, USN

Hand and Microsurgeon, Director of Research Department of Orthopaedics Walter Reed National Military Medical Center Bethesda, Maryland

Ian P. Torode, MD, FRACS

Director of Orthopaedics Department of Orthopaedics The Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

Jack W. Tsao, MD, DPhil

Professor Department of Neurology University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, Tennessee

Elaine N. Uellendahl, BA, CP

Certiﬁed Prosthetist Department of Prosthetics New Touch Prosthetics Cave Creek, Arizona

Stephen T. Wegener, MA, PhD

Director, Division of Rehabilitation Psychology and Neuropsychology Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland

Rebecca C. Whitesell, MD, MPH

Pediatric Orthopedic Surgeon Department of Pediatric Orthopedics Mary Bridge Children’s Hospital Tacoma, Washington

Shane R. Wurdeman, PhD, MSPO, CP

Research Scientist–Certiﬁed Prosthetist Biomechanics Research Building University of Nebraska at Omaha Omaha, Nebraska

Vivian J. Yip, OTD, OTR/L

Occupational Therapist Child Amputee Prosthetics Project Shriners Hospital for Children-Los Angeles Los Angeles, California

Jack E. Uellendahl, CPO

Prosthetist Hanger Clinic Phoenix, Arizona

Preface

The fourth edition of the Atlas of Amputations and Limb Deﬁciencies: Surgical, Prosthetic, and Rehabilitation Principles represents the continued commitment of the

American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons to patients with congenital or acquired limb loss and the medical professionals who dedicate their lives to optimizing the functional independence of this patient population. This new edition is divided into three volumes: Volume 1– General Topics, Upper Limb; Volume 2–Lower Limb, Management Issues; Volume 3–Pediatrics. We hope that this presentation makes the book more user-friendly compared with a single volume.

The recent conﬂicts in the Middle East have served to bring amputees and the challenges that they face to the front pages of our newspapers and magazines. We have leaned heavily on our military colleagues to bring together in one text the latest surgical, prosthetic, and rehabilitation methodologies, many of which were developed or reﬁned over the past decade. In addition to the need to meet simple, daily functional requirements, this very motivated and demanding group of patients has inspired the recognition of newly evolving techniques and tools to promote sports participation and advanced rehabilitation. There is a new and expanded focus on such rehabilitation, which is now viewed as a continuous, integrated process.

The sections on osseointegration and transplantation have been expanded because the science of these techniques has evolved since the publication of the last edition of this text. An expanded section on pediatrics focuses on current

approaches and considerations for treating this special group of patients.

Although all of the chapters in this fourth edition have been revised, we hope, in particular, that the new and expanded chapters will enhance the book’s usefulness to all members of the treatment team, including surgeons (whether general, vascular, pediatric, plastic, or orthopaedic); prosthetists; physiatrists; physical, occupational, and recreational therapists; biomedical engineers; rehabilitation nurses; social workers; and individuals with limb loss and their families. The goals of this comprehensive text are, ultimately, to enhance and advance the care of those living with congenital or acquired limb loss. The dedicated involvement of all members of the treatment team is essential to the success of this process.

The support of the Board of Directors of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons has made this volume possible and is gratefully acknowledged. The contributions of the authors and editors has been enhanced by the work and commitment of the Academy’s publications staff. We trust that the reader will ﬁnd this volume a valuable educational resource.

Joseph Ivan Krajbich, MD Michael S. Pinzur, MD LTC Benjamin K. Potter, MD Phillip M. Stevens, MEd, CPO

Volume 1

Section 1: General Topics

1 The Interwoven Histories of Amputation Surgery and Prosthetics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3

John H. Bowker, MD; Charles H. Pritham, CPO

2 General Principles of Amputation Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Michael S. Pinzur, MD

3 General Principles of Postoperative Residual Limb Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Frank Gottschalk, MD

4 General Principles of Limb Salvage Versus Amputation in Adults. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Christopher Bibbo, DO, FACS; David J. Polga, MD; Samir Mehta, MD; Stephen J. Kovach III, MD

5 General Principles of Limb Salvage Versus Amputation in Children. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Federico Canavese, MD, PhD; Joseph Ivan Krajbich, MD, FRCS(C)

6 Amputee Gait: Normal and Abnormal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

Robin M. Queen, PhD, FACSM; Michael Orendurff, PhD

7 Clinical Considerations of Observational Gait Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

John T. Brinkmann, MA, CPO/L, FAAOP; Phillip M. Stevens, MEd, CPO, FAAOP

8 Kinesiology of the Upper Limb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

Michael S. Pinzur, MD

9 Wartime Amputations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115

Donald A. Gajewski, MD; Paul J. Dougherty, MD

10 Prosthetic Rehabilitation in Less-Resourced Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125

Carson Harte, CEO; Helen Cochrane, CPO(c), MSc

Section 2: Upper Limb

11 Upper Limb Body-Powered Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139

Andrea Hess, CP

12 Harnessing and Controls for Upper Limb Body-Powered Prostheses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .159

David B. Rotter, CPO

13 Upper Limb Externally Powered Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .175

M. David Beachler, CP; LeRoy H. Oddie, CP

14 Control Options for Upper Limb Externally Powered Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193

Peter Kyberd, BSc, MSc, PhD; Greg Bush, BA, CP(C); Ali Hussaini, BASc, MScE

15 Partial Hand Amputation: Surgical Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .203

Edward A. Athanasian, MD; Mark Edward Puhaindran, MBBS (Singapore), MMED (Surg), MRCS (Edin)

16 Partial Hand Amputation: Prosthetic Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .213

Jack E. Uellendahl, CPO

17 Wrist Disarticulation and Transradial Amputation: Surgical Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . .221

George Peter Nanos III, MD

18 Wrist Disarticulation and Transradial Amputation: Prosthetic Management . . . . . . . . . . . . .233

Joseph Karl Brenner, BSc, Biology, CP, FAAOP

19 The Krukenberg Reconstruction in Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .243

John F. Lawrence, MD; Hugh G. Watts, MD

20 Elbow Disarticulation and Transhumeral Amputation: Surgical Management . . . . . . . . . . . .249

Mickey S. Cho, MD

21 Elbow Disarticulation and Transhumeral Amputation: Prosthetic Management and Design . . . .257

Gerald E. Stark, MSEM, CPO/L, FAAOP

22 Amputations About the Shoulder: Surgical Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271

Joseph F. Alderete Jr, MD

23 Amputations About the Shoulder: Prosthetic Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .287

Branden Petersen, BS, CP

24 Bilateral Upper Limb Prostheses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .299

Jack E. Uellendahl, CPO

25 Upper Limb Provisional Prostheses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .315

Chris Lake, L/CPO, FAAOP

26 Silicone Interface Options in Upper Limb Prostheses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .321

Elaine N. Uellendahl, BA, CP

27 Targeted Muscle Reinnervation for Prosthetic Control and Treatment of Neuroma Pain . . . . . .329

Gregory A. Dumanian, MD, FACS; Jason M. Souza, MD

28 Targeted Muscle Reinnervation: Prosthetic Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .339

Robert D. Lipschutz, CP, BSME

29 Upper Limb Prosthetic Training and Occupational Therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .351

Sandra Fletchall, OTR/L, CHT, MPA, FAOTA

30 Upper Limb Adaptive Prostheses for Vocation and Recreation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .363

Robert Radocy, MSc

31 Functional Aesthetic Prostheses: Upper Limb. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .379

Thomas Passero, CP, AS; Kim Doolan, BA, CPV

32 Brachial Plexus Injuries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .389

Peter Charles Rhee, DO, MS; Alexander Yong Shik Shin, MD

33 Hand Transplantation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .409

LCDR Scott M. Tintle, MD, MC, USN; Jaimie T. Shores, MD, FACS; L. Scott Levin, MD, FACS

34 Outcome Measures in Upper Limb Prosthetics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .419

Laura Miller, PhD, CP

Volume 2

Section 3: Lower Limb

35 Lower Limb Prosthetic Components: Updated Classiﬁcation and Passive,

Body-Powered Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .429

John W. Michael, MEd, CPO, FAAOP; Phillip M. Stevens, MEd, CPO, FAAOP

36 Lower Limb Prosthetic Components: Microprocessor-Controlled Components . . . . . . . . . . . .445

Phillip M. Stevens, MEd, CPO, FAAOP; John W. Michael, MEd, CPO, FAAOP

37 Partial Foot Amputations and Disarticulations: Surgical Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .453

Terrence M. Philbin, DO; Aimee J. Riley, DO

38 Prosthetic Management After Partial Foot Amputation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .463

Michael P. Dillon, PhD; Stefania Fatone, BPO(Hons), PhD

39 Ankle Disarticulation and Variants: Surgical Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .473

Tobin T. Eckel, MD; Benjamin B. Chi, MD; Scott B. Shawen, MD

40 Syme Ankle Disarticulation: Prosthetic Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .479

JoAnne L. Kanas, PT, CPO, DPT; Phillip M. Stevens, MEd, CPO, FAAOP

41 Transtibial Amputation: Surgical Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .485

James R. Ficke, MD

42 Transtibial Amputation: Prosthetic Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .493

W. Lee Childers, PhD, MSPO, CP; Shane R. Wurdeman, PhD, MSPO, CP

43 Knee Disarticulation: Surgical Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .509

Michael S. Pinzur, MD; LTC Benjamin K. Potter, MD

44 Knee Disarticulation: Prosthetic Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .517

Donald R. Cummings, CP, LP; Phillip M. Stevens, MEd, CPO, FAAOP

45 Transfemoral Amputation: Surgical Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .525

Frank Gottschalk, MD

46 Transfemoral Amputation: Prosthetic Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .537

Mark David Muller, CPO, MS, FAAOP

47 Hip Disarticulation and Transpelvic Amputation: Surgical Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .555

Sheila A. Conway, MD; Motasem A. Al Maaieh, MD

48 Hip Disarticulation and Hemipelvectomy: Prosthetic Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .565

Mark Edwards, MHPE, CP; Phillip M. Stevens, MEd, CPO, FAAOP

49 Osseointegration: Surgical Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .575

Jonathan A. Forsberg, MD, PhD; Rickard Brånemark, MD, MSc, PhD

50 Prosthetic Management of Osseointegration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .583

John Sullivan, MSc, HCPC, Registered Prosthetist

51 Physical Therapy Management of Adults With Lower Limb Amputations . . . . . . . . . . . . . .597

Robert S. Gailey, PhD, PT; Ignacio A. Gaunaurd, PhD, MSPT; Justin Z. Laferrier, PhD, PT, OCS, ATP, CSCS

52 Adaptive Lower Limb Prostheses for Sports and Recreation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .621

Mihai Bragaru, PhD; Francois Van Der Watt, CPO, LPO

53 Bilateral Lower Limb Amputation: Prosthetic Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .631

Kevin Carroll, MS, CP, FAAOP; John Rheinstein, CP; Randall W. Richardson, ABC-CPA, RPA

54 Outcome Measures in Lower Limb Prosthetics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .645

Brian Kaluf, BSE, CP; Phillip M. Stevens, MEd, CPO, FAAOP

Section 4: Management Issues

55 Chronic Pain After Amputation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .665

Min Ho Chang, MD; Paul F. Pasquina, MD; Jack W. Tsao, MD, DPhil

56 Skin Problems in the Amputee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .677

M. Jason Highsmith, PhD, DPT, CP, FAAOP; James T. Highsmith, MD, MS

57 Secondary Health Effects of Amputation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .697

Paul F. Pasquina, MD; Bradford D. Hendershot, PhD; Brad M. Isaacson, PhD, MBA, MSF

58 Surgical Management of Residual Limb Complications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .707

LTC Benjamin K. Potter, MD

59 Psychological Adaptation to Limb Amputation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .719

Ellen J. MacKenzie, MSc, PhD; Stephen T. Wegener, MA, PhD

60 Rehabilitation Without Prostheses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .731

Charles R. Scoville, PT, MEd, DPT; Bradley M. Ritland, PT, DPT; Alison L. Pruziner, PT, DPT

61 Vocational Considerations After Amputations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .739

Helena Burger, MD, PhD

Volume 3

Section 5: Pediatrics

62 The Child With a Limb Deﬁciency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .751

James A. Harder, BSc, MD, FRCS(C); Joseph Ivan Krajbich, MD, FRCS(C)

63 Development of Locomotor Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .759

Phoebe Scott-Wyard, DO, FAAP, FAAPMR

64 Principles of Amputation Surgery in Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .765

Anna Cuomo, MD

65 Prosthetic Considerations in the Pediatric Patient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .777

Brian J. Giavedoni, MBA, CP, LP

66 Occupational Therapy for the Child With an Upper Limb Deﬁciency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .783

Wendy Hill, BScOT; Vivian J. Yip, OTD, OTR/L

67 Pediatric Physical Therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .803

Colleen P. Coulter, PT, DPT, PhD, PCS

68 Congenital Transverse and Intersegmental Deﬁciencies of the Upper Limb . . . . . . . . . . . . .815

Ee Ming Chew, MBBS; Michelle A. James, MD

69 Congenital Longitudinal Deﬁciencies of the Upper Limb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .823

Michelle A. James, MD; Kathryn M. Peck, MD

70 Upper Limb Prostheses for Children. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .831

Robert D. Lipschutz, CP, BSME

71 Pediatric Hand Deﬁciencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .843

Jakub Stuart Langer, MD

72 Transverse Deﬁciencies of the Lower Limb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .855

Michael J. Forness, DO

73 Congenital Longitudinal Deﬁciency of the Fibula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .865

Michael Schmitz, MD; Brian J. Giavedoni, MBA, CP, LP

74 Congenital Longitudinal Deﬁciency of the Tibia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .873

Jorge A. Fabregas, MD; Rebecca C. Whitesell, MD, MPH

75 Amputations Distal to the Knee: Pediatric Prosthetic Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .881

Ramona M. Okumura, BS, CP

76 Congenital Deﬁciencies of the Femur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .889

Ian P. Torode, MD, FRACS

77 Knee Disarticulation and Transfemoral Amputation: Pediatric Prosthetic Considerations . . . . . .901

David B. Rotter, CPO

78 Hip Disarticulation and Hemipelvectomy in Children: Surgical and Prosthetic Management . . . .909

Joseph Ivan Krajbich, MD, FRCS(C); Todd DeWees, BS, CPO

79 Rotationplasty: Surgical Techniques and Prosthetic Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .921

Joseph Ivan Krajbich, MD, FRCS(C); Sabrina Jakobson Huston, CPO

80 Lumbosacral Agenesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .933

Charles d’Amato, MD, FRCSC; Todd DeWees, BS, CPO; Joseph Ivan Krajbich, MD, FRCS(C)

81 Partial Foot Deﬁciencies in Children. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .943

Robin C. Crandall, MD

82 The Child With Multiple Limb Deﬁciencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .953

Anna Cuomo, MD; Hugh G. Watts, MD

Index

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31.08.202631 Мб0Книга_924_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf
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31.08.202631 Мб0Книга_925_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf
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31.08.202631 Мб0Книга_926_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf

Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_921_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана

Preface

Table of Contents