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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_5523_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf
Index
347
Restorations (Continued)
direct, 92 – 94
amalgam, 93 – 94
composite materials, 93
glass ionomer cements, 94
materials for, 92 – 94
placement techniques, 93
endodontically treated teeth, 68 – 70
extracoronal, 92
indications for, 93
indirect
ceramic restorations, 96
coverage, 96
impression techniques, 105 – 106
layering, 97
loss of pulp vitality, 99
materials, 96
metal restorations, 96
posterior indications, 103 – 104
retention, 97 – 98
root filled teeth, 98
survival, 107
intracoronal, 92
laboratory prescriptions, 107
occlusal considerations, 99 – 100
onlay preparations, 103
overhanging, 18
provisionalisation, 106
removal, root canal retreatment
fractured instruments, 73 – 74, 74f, 79Q
gutta-percha, 73
pastes, 73
post and cast, 72 – 73
restorative materials, 72
silver points, 73
resistance, 97
stabilisation, 98 – 99
tooth preparation, 100 – 101
veneers, 104 – 105
Rest vertical dimension (RVD), 134
Retainers
fixed, 300
removable, 300
Retention
adhesive, 97 – 98
adjunctive procedures, 300
definition, 97
dentures, 120
facial growth, 300
indirect restoration, 97 – 98
mechanical, 97
orthodontic treatment, 242
regime, 300
removable appliances, 290
retainers, 300
retention, 321
soft tissues, 299 – 300
strategies, 300
supporting tissues, forces from, 299
Retroclination, 264
Reversible pulpitis, 49
Review
immediate replacement dentures, 131
implants, 149
removable partial dentures, 136 – 137
Rheumatic fever, 4 – 5, 198
Rheumatoid arthritis, 231
Rickett’s E plane, 238
Ridge-lap pontics, 109
Right touch regulation, 313
Rigid trays, 106
Risk factors
caries, in children, 176
defined, 17
root resorption, 299
tobacco smoking, 17
Root anatomy, 56
furcation lesions, 19 – 20
Root canal
blockage, 79Q
exploration, 61
morphology, 56 – 58
portals of exit, 56
requirements before filling, 64
Root canal morphology
access, 58, 58b
access technique, 58, 59b
apical anatomy changes, 57
coronal access, 57
dental dam, 58
incisor and canine teeth, 57, 57f
mandibular molars, 58
maxillary molars, 58, 58f
premolar teeth, 57 – 58, 58f
pulpal anatomy, 56 – 57
radicular access, 57
root anatomy, 56
root canal orifices, 56
Root canal orifices, 56
Root canal preparation, 58 – 64
apical, 62 – 64
apical patency, 62
canal exploration, 61
current trends, 60
files, 60
instrument manipulation, 60
irrigation, 60 – 61, 79Q
length determination, 62
objectives, 58 – 59b
pre-enlargement and straight-line radicular
access, 61 – 62, 61f, 79Q
rotary nickel-titanium instrumentation
techniques, 63 – 64
rotary nickel–titanium instruments, 79Q
Root canal retreatment
Masserann kit, 72 – 73
procedures, 72
restoration removal
fractured instruments, 73 – 74
gutta-percha, 73
pastes, 73
post and cast, 72 – 73
restorative materials, 72
silver points, 73
success rate, 75
Root canal therapy
extraradicular causes of failure, 71
failure, 71, 79Q
filling materials, 65, 78, 78f, 79Q
intraradicular causes of failure, 71
obturation, 64 – 68, 79Q
one visit, 64
pulpal inflammation, 49
Root caries, 89
Root end preparation, surgical endodontics,
77 – 78, 78f
Root end resection, 77, 77f
Root fractures, 199, 202, 216Q
Rootless teeth, 208
Root resorption
tooth movement force, 299
traumatic injuries in children, 200
Root surface area (RSA), 290
Root surface instrumentation (RSI),
32 – 34, 39Q
furcation lesions, 21
gingival enlargement, 27
periodontal diseases, 32 – 34
Rotary nickel-titanium instrumentation
techniques, 63 – 64
Rotary nickel–titanium instruments, 79Q
Rotations, growth, 223 – 224, 224f, 245Q
Royal Surgical Colleges, 320
RSI see Root surface instrumentation (RSI)
S
Saddles, free-end (dentures), 133f
Safeguarding, 204 – 205, 331
Safety factors, headgear, 290
Sagittal split osteotomy, 273
Salivary flow test, 176
Salivary gland enlargement, HIV infection,
214
Sanitary pontics, 109
Sarcoidosis, 26
Scaling, 1
Scaling and root planning (SRP), 32
Schiller iodine solution, 2, 5 – 6
Scottish Dental Clinical Effectiveness
Programme (SDCEP), 166, 178 – 179
Screw-retained zirconium dioxide abutment,
146f
Screws, removable appliances, 267
Sealers, 65
Second permanent molars, 244
Sedation, 152 – 1, 324, 335Q
advanced techniques, 152, 164
antagonist drugs, 157
assessment of patient, 155
basic techniques, 152, 158 – 164
benzodiazepines, 156 – 157
children under twelve years of age, 166
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
contraindications, 153
combined routes, 164
consciousness of patient, 164
conscious sedation, defined, 324
contraindications, 153 – 154
dental, 154
flumazenil, 157
medical, 153 – 154
psychosocial, 153
unaccompanied patients, 153
defined, 152
dental examination, 155
dental history, 155
dental indications for, 153
examination, 155
indications for, 152 – 153
inhalation see Inhalation sedation
intranasal, 164
intravenous see Intravenous sedation
ketamine, 158
learning difficulties, 153
medical history, 155
medical indications for, 153
medicolegal aspects, 166 – 167
monitoring of sedated patients, 164 – 165
clinical, 164
electromechanical, 164 – 165
movement difficulties, 153
need for, 155
nitrous oxide, 155 – 156
opioids, 157
oral/transmucosal
disadvantages, 163
technique, 163
pharmacology, sedative agents, 155 – 158
physical examination, 155
physiological ability to tolerate dental
treatment, 155
pregnancy and lactation contraindication, 154
propofol, 157 – 158
psychological ability to tolerate dental
treatment, 154 – 155
psychological/psychiatric problems (severe),
contraindicated in, 153 – 154
348
Index
psychosocial indications for, 152 – 153
rapport, establishing, 155
scavenging, 167Q
thyroid dysfunction contraindication, 154
type and amount of dental treatment
required, 155
whether treatment practical under, 155
Selective enamel etching, 91
Selenomonas spp, 10
Self-etching, 91
Self-etching primers (SEPs), 292
Self-ligating appliances, 294
Sensibility tests, orthodontic assessment, 235
Sensitivity
test, 175
tests (pulp), 50
tooth whitening, 181
Sensitivity/sensibility testing, 175
Sensorimotor development, 173
Separation anxiety, 173
Serial extractions, 256 – 257
Serious professional misconduct, 318
Sevoflurane, 164
Sexual fantasy production, 156 – 157
Sheath of Hertwig, 56
Shim, 96
Shortened dental arch (SDA), 137
Sickle cell anaemia, 211
Sickle crisis, 211
Sickle scalers, 33
Side-effects
benzodiazepines, 156 – 157
intravenous sedation, 156 – 157
opioids, 157
propofol, 158
see also Complications
Silver points, 65
removal of, 73
Single cone technique, 65
Sinus tract exploration, 52
Situational Judgement Testing (SJT), 319
Sjogren’s syndrome, 88
Skeleton
cleft lip and palate, 275
craniofacial, 222 – 223
crossbite, 269
and malocclusion, 229
class I, 261
class II (Division 1), 262
class II (Division 2), 264
class III, 266
open bite, 268
vertical pattern, 238
Skin colour, sedated patients, 164
Small claims track, 327
Smartclip (self-ligating appliance), 294
Smile, 233
Smoking
necrotising periodontal diseases, 10
social history, 4
Social development, 173
Social history, 4
caries, 176
orthodontic assessment, 231
paediatric dentistry, 174
Social Security Acts, 332
Socket-fit dentures, 130
Sodium hypochlorite, 125
Soft tissues
analysis, 238
children, 175
facial growth, control, 222
growth, 224
immediate replacement denture, 130
implants, complication, 150
Soft tissues (Continued)Sedation (Continued)
malocclusion
class I, 261
class II (Division 2), 264
class III, 266
open bite, 268
orthodontic assessment, 232 – 233, 238
retention, 299 – 300
Solid and semisolid materials, 65
Southend clasp, 290
Space
closure (absent upper lateral incisors),
254 – 255
maintenance for early tooth loss, 257
malocclusion
class I, 262
class II (Division 1), 263
class II (Division 2), 265
opening (absent upper lateral incisors), 254
orthodontic assessment
lower dental arch, 234
upper dental arch, 234
orthodontic treatment, 242 – 245
permanent upper incisors, 245Q
residual, need for closure, 242
for tooth movement, creating, 242 – 245
Spacing, 225
Specialist registration, 335
Specialist Training, 319 – 320
Speech
orthodontic assessment, 233
orthodontic treatment, 240
Speed (self-ligating appliance), 294
Splints
apical and middle third root fractures, 202
construction, 202 – 203
coronal third root fractures, 202
dento-alveolar fractures, 202
functional, technique for, 203b
periodontal ligament injury, 203 – 204
Split-cast technique, complete dentures, 124
Springs, 267, 289 – 290, 293
Stability
bimaxillary proclination, 262
complete dentures, 120
implants, 143 – 144
malocclusion class II (Division 2) treatment,
265 – 266
Stains
localised composite resin restorations, 183
Schiller iodine solution, 2, 5 – 6
tooth discolouration, 180t
Standing Committee on Sedation for Dentistry,
152
Staphylococcus aureus, 211
Static occlusion, 99 – 100
Stillman’s cleft, 24, 25f
Stock trays, complete dentures, 120
Straight-line radicular access, 61 – 62, 61f
Streptococcus spp, 176
Stress, 4
Subepithelial connective tissue graft, 37,
38b, 38f
Subgingival calculus, 13
Subgingival microflora, 18
Subluxation
permanent dentition, 203
primary dentition, 199
Sulcular epithelium, 2
Supernumerary teeth, 206, 255, 276Q
conical teeth, 255
supplemental teeth, 255
tuberculate teeth, 255
Supplemental teeth, 255
Supracrestal tissue attachment, 2
Supragingival calculus, 13
Supragingival crown margins, 18
Surgery
corrective, 78 – 79
immediate replacement denture, 131
implants, 147 – 148
open bite, 268 – 269
tuberculate teeth, 255
Surgical endodontics, 75 – 79
bone removal, 77
consent, 75 – 76
corrective surgery, 78 – 79
debridement and closure, 78
extractions with subsequent replantation, 79
flap design, 76 – 78, 76f
haemostasis, 77
indications, 75
procedure, 76 – 79
root end
filling materials, 78, 78f
preparation, 77 – 78, 78f
resection, 77, 77f
surgical assessment, 75
Surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion
(SARPE), 270
Surgical-orthodontic treatment
distraction osteogenesis, 274
indications for, 272
planning, 272 – 273
presurgical orthodontics, 273
procedures
adjunctive facial, 274
bimaxillary, 274
body osteotomy, 274
genioplasty, 274
Le Fort I osteotomy, 273
Le Fort II osteotomy, 273
Le Fort III osteotomy, 273
mandible, 273 – 274
maxilla, 273
postsurgical orthodontics and follow-up,
274
sagittal split osteotomy, 273
segmental, 273
surgically-assisted rapid palatal
expansion, 273
vertical subsigmoid osteotomy, 273 – 274
record analysis, 272 – 273
relapses, 274
stability, 274
timing, 272
see also Orthodontic treatment
Surgical–orthodontic treatment, 272 – 274
Swallowing reflex, cerebral palsy, 215
Symmetry and alignment, assessment
lower dental arch, 234
upper dental arch, 234
Symptomatic periradicular periodontitis, 50
Systematic desensitisation, 174
Systemic disease, severe or uncontrolled, as
contraindication for sedation, 153
T
Talon cusp, 207
Taurodontism, 207
T cell defects, 211
Teeth
anterior see Anterior teeth
children see Children
condition, 244
conical, 255
cracks in, 52
development, 172
discolouration see Discolouration of teeth
double, 206, 260 – 261
drifting of, 290
Index
349
endodontically treated, restoration, 68 – 70
eruption, 172
extractions see Extractions
fragments, refitting, 201b
impaction, 240
individual, position of, 244
larger than normal (macrodontia), 206
mobility see Tooth mobility
movement, creating space for see Movement
of teeth, creating space for
natal, 208, 253
neonatal, 208
primary see Primary teeth
rootless, 208
smaller than normal (microdontia), 206
supernumerary, 206, 255, 276Q
supplemental teeth, 255
surface loss see Tooth surface loss (TSL)
tuberculate teeth, 255
Temporary anchorage devices (TADs), 242,
263, 294
Temporomandibular joint dysfunction
syndrome (TMJDS), 240
Temporomandibular joints, orthodontic
assessment, 233
Tender to percussion (TTP), 203
Tetanus status, medical history, 198
Thalassaemia, 211
Thermal tests, 51
Thermomechanical compaction, 66
gutta-percha filling techniques, 66
Thermoplasticised gutta-percha, 66, 67b
Third molars, 244
Thrombocytopenia, 210
Thumb-sucking, 233, 268, 269, 276Q
Thyroid dysfunction
in children, 213
sedation contraindication, 154
Tip-Edge appliance, 294
Tipping movement, effect, 242, 298f
Titanium molybdenum (TMA), 293
Titles and descriptions
clinical dental technicians, 315
dental care professionals, 314 – 316
dental hygienists, 315
dental nurses, 166, 315
dental technicians, 315
dental therapists, 315 – 316
dentists, 313 – 314
Dentists’ Act 1878, 310
direct access, 315 – 316
orthodontic therapists, 315
Tongue
malocclusion, class II (Division 1), 262
soft tissues, orthodontic assessment, 233
Tooth see Teeth
Tooth-borne indirect restoration, 92
Toothbrushes, 31
powered, 40Q
toothbrushing techniques, 177
Toothbrushing techniques, 31
Tooth development, 172
Tooth-friendly snacks, 178b
Tooth mobility
examination, 7
history taking, 4
loss of teeth, 4
pathological, 11
physiological, 11
radiographic features, 2
social history, 4
tooth movement force, 299
Toothpastes, 31
relative dentine abrasivity (RDA), 94 – 95
strength advice, 177
Tooth preparation
chamfer preparation, 101f
depth cuts, 100
interocclusal space, 110
marginal preparation, 109 – 110
materials and designs, 100t
over-preparation, 100
reduction, 100 – 101
restorations, 100
under-preparation, 100
veneer preparation, 101f
veneers, 104
Tooth surface loss (TSL)
abfraction, 95
abrasion, 94 – 95, 184
aetiology, 184 – 185
attrition, 95, 184
definitive management, 186
dietary causes, 185
erosion, 94, 184
and gastric regurgitation, 185
immediate management, 185 – 186
long-term review, 186
management, 95
parafunctional activity, 185
prevalence, 184
treatment technique, 186t
Tooth whitening
non-vital bleaching, 181 – 183
vital teeth, 181
Total-etching, 91, 92
Training
ability and experience, 320
continuing education, 319 – 320
continuing professional development
(CPD), 166
Continuing Professional Education, 320
Dental Core Training (DCT), 319
Dental Foundation Training (DFT), 319
dental nurses, 166
general dental practice, 320
professional organisations/societies, 320
specialist, 319 – 320
Transillumination, tooth cracks, 52
Transplantation of organs and bone marrow,
in children, 213 – 214
Transverse plane, orthodontic assessment, 232
Trauma
factitious gingivitis, 27
iatrogenic, 27
incisor, 240
self-inflicted, 27
upper permanent central incisor, loss, 258
Traumatic injuries in children
amnesia, 197
assessment, 197 – 199
avulsion, 200
concussion, 199
dental history, 197 – 198
enamel infraction, 200
extraoral examination, 198
fractures, 199
headache, 197
incidence, 197 – 205
intraoral examination, 198 – 199
location, 197
luxation
extrusive, 199
intrusive, 199
lateral, 199, 216Q
medical history, 198
nature of accident, 197
peak times, 197
permanent teeth, 216Q
aims and principles of treatment, 200
developing, injury to, 200
Traumatic injuries in children (Continued)Teeth (Continued)
emergency, intermediate and permanent
actions, 200
hard tissues and pulp, injuries to,
200 – 202
periodontal tissues, injury to, 203 – 204,
204b
replantation, 203 – 204
splints, 200 – 202
primary teeth, 199 – 200
primary tooth, 216Q
radiography, 199
subluxation, 199
timing, 197
types, 197
vomiting, 197
Traumatic occlusal forces, 27 – 28
Trays
borders, 121
complete dentures, preliminary impressions,
120 – 121
lower, 120 – 121
upper, 120 – 121
Treatment
adjunctive, adult orthodontics, 271 – 272, 274
and case selection, 52 – 53
comprehensive, adult orthodontics,
271 – 272
discolouration of teeth, 180 – 184
furcation lesions, 21, 21t
gingival recession, 25
infraocclusion, 209
malocclusion, 226 – 229
orthodontic see Orthodontic treatment
plaque accumulation, 18 – 19
unsuitable, as negligence, 326
Treatment plan
caries, in children, 178 – 180
children, 175 – 176
immediate replacement denture, 130
malocclusion
class I, 261 – 262
class II (Division 1), 263
class II (Division 2), 264 – 265
class III, 266 – 267
orthodontic treatment, 241 – 242
patient assessment, 53
sedation, 165 – 166
Triclosan, 32
T-spring, 270
Tuberculate teeth, 255
Twin-block appliance, 295, 296f, 301Q
U
UK General Dental Council, 336
Ulceration
HIV infection, 214
lower arch, 138f
recurrent oral, 230
Ultrasonic root end preparation, 79Q
Ultrasonic scalers, 33
Unilateral buccal crossbite, 235f, 256f, 270
Unsuitable treatment, as negligence, 326
Upper removable appliance (URA), 245f
V
Veillonella, 13
Veneers, 96, 104 – 105
composite, 104
composite resin, 183 – 184
incisal edge design, 104 – 105
porcelain, 104, 184
tooth discolouration, 183 – 184
tooth preparation, 104
350
Index
Venospasm, intravenous sedation, 161
Verbal consent, 322
Vertical condensation, gutta-percha filling
techniques, 66 – 67, 67b, 67f
Vertical plane, orthodontic assessment,
231 – 232
Vertical subsigmoid osteotomy, 273 – 274
Vicarious liability, 326
Visual impairment, 215
Vitality testing, 175
Vital pulp therapy, 53 – 56
benefits, 53
calcium silicate cements, 54
direct pulp capping, 54 – 55, 55f
follow-up and outcomes, 56
full pulpotomy, 55, 55f
indirect pulp capping, 54, 54f
material properties, 54
partial pulpotomy, 55, 55f
pulpectomy, 55
strategies for, 54
Vocational Training (VT), 319
von Willebrand’s disease, 210
W
Warm vertical condensation obturation
technique, 66 – 67, 67b, 67f
Watchwinding, root canal preparation, 60
Wax rims, complete dentures, 122
Wear, tooth see Tooth surface loss (TSL)
Wegener’s granulomatosis, 26
Wet bonding, 91 – 92
White surface demineralisation, 176
Wire
functional appliances, 293
removable appliances, 289
Wire ligatures, fixed appliances, 293
Wire splints, 202
Wits analysis, orthodontic assessment,
238
Woolf report (1996), negligence, 327
World Health Organization (WHO), 197
Written consent, 322
X
Xerostomia, 88, 212
Y
York Consensus Statement, overdentures, 132
Z
Zinc oxide eugenol cement, 128
Zirconia-based restoration, 96
Zirconia wings, 109
Z-springs, removable appliances, 267
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2019v1.0