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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_861_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf
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- •Dedication
- •Contributors
- •Foreword
- •Preface
- •Contents
- •Indications/Contraindications
- •Surgery
- •Conclusion
- •Indications/Contraindications
- •Complications
- •Results
- •Surgery
- •Complications
- •Results
- •Conclusions
- •Surgery
- •Complications
- •Results
- •Conclusion
- •Indications/Contraindications
- •Surgery
- •Complications
- •Results
- •Conclusions
- •Indications/Contraindications
- •Surgery
- •Results
- •Conclusions
- •Indications/Contraindications
- •Surgery
- •Complications
- •Results
- •Conclusions
- •Indications/Contraindications
- •Surgery
- •Indications/Contraindications
- •Surgery
- •Complications
- •Results
- •Conclusions
- •Indications/Contraindications
- •Surgery
- •Complications
- •Results
- •Conclusions
- •Introduction
- •Surgery
- •Conclusions
- •Surgery
- •Indications
- •Surgery
- •Complications
- •Conclusions
- •Indications/Contraindications
- •Surgery
- •Complications
- •Results
- •Conclusions
- •Indications/Contraindications
- •Surgery
- •Outcomes
- •Complications
- •Indications/Contraindications
- •Surgery
- •Complications
- •Results
- •Conclusions
- •Indications
- •Contraindications
- •Surgery
- •Complications
- •Conclusion
- •Indications/Contraindications
- •Surgery
- •Complications
- •Cost
- •Results
- •Conclusions
- •Surgery
- •Complications
- •Results
- •Conclusions
- •Introduction
- •Surgery
- •Complications
- •Results
- •Conclusions
- •Introduction
- •Conclusions
- •Introduction
- •Indications/Contraindications
- •Surgery

FIGURE12-4Elevatingsigmoidmesenterywith
inferiormesentericartery.
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atthesacralpromontory,wherethereisgreatestseparationbetweenthe
inferiormesentericartery(IMA)andIliacvessels(dottedlineinFig.12-
3).Airdissectionoccurswhentheperitonealincisionismadeinthe
correctplace.OnceawidewindowbehindtheIMAiscreated,blunt
dissectionseparatesmesenteryfromretroperitoneumasshownin
Figure12-5(“purplegoesdown”).Onceleftureterandgonadalvessel
areclearlyidentifiedandseparatedfrommesentery,attentionispaidto
isolatetheinferiormesentericpedicle.Atthispoint,nervefibersof
superiorhypogastricplexuscanbefeltbeingpulleduplateraltoIMA.
Thisneedstobesweptdownandpreserved.

FIGURE12-5Medialtolateraldissection.Arrow,
refertodirectionofbluntfingerdissectionortraction.
toleftcolicarterytake-off)orhigh(proximaltoleftcolic).Inbenign
casesandelderly,lowligationisrecommended.Incancercases,high
ligationisadvisable,eventhoughdefiniteevidenceofoncologicbenefit
islacking.Inathinpatient,theleftcolicarterycanbeseencoursingina
cephaladdirectionovertheinferiormesentericveintowardthesplenic
flexure.Inobesepatientswithcorpulentmesentery,theviewisdifficult
todiscernunlessextensivedissectionwithinthemesenteryisdone.The
authorsroutinelyusebipolarenergydevicetoligatemesentericvessels.
Asurgicalstaplingdevicewithvascularloadisanoptioninpatientswith
calcifiedvessels.Whenusingbipolarenergydevicetoligatevessels,be
preparedtomanageasituationwherethesealisnotcomplete.Thisis
rareevenincalcifiedvessels.However,theoperatingroomshouldbe
stockedwithendoloop,laparoscopicclipapplier,andlaparoscopic
staplingdevice.
colicartery(whenlowligationofIMAwasdone),inordertogainbetter
reachoftheproximalcolontoapelvicanastomosis,isnotroutinely
necessary.Inalowanteriorresection,itmaybenecessary.Whenthe
inferiormesentericveinisligatedproximally,medialtolateral
dissectioncanbeachievedtotheinferiorborderofpancreas.Whenthe
inferiormesentericveinisnotligated,medialtolateraldissectionis
achievedtothewhitelinelaterally.

flexure.Thisstepisgreatlyfacilitatedbycompletingmedialtolateral
dissection.Incisethelateralattachmentmedialtothewhitelineof
Toldt’s,andtheemptyspace,previouslydeveloped,willbeencountered.
Thedissectioncontinuescephaladtowardthesplenicflexure.The
assistantpullstheproximalleftcolonmediallyandsurgeon’slefthand
doestheexposure(Fig.12-6).
FIGURE12-6Mobilizingdescendingcolon
towardsplenicflexure.Arrow,refertothedirectionof
tractiononboweloromentum.
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p.89
transversecolon.ThepatientisplacedinreverseTrendelenburg
positionforthisstep.Startingatthemidpointofthetransversecolon,
dividethefusionplanebetweentheomentumandpericolonicfat.Once
thelessersacisentered(confirmedbyvisualizationoftheposteriorwall
ofthestomach),continuetodividetheattachmentstowardthesplenic
flexure.Oncealltheretroperitonealattachmenttospleen,pancreas,and
kidneyaredivided,thesplenicflexureshouldbefree.Duringthisstep,a
triangulationretractionbetweentheomentumandthetransversecolon
protectsthecolonfromthermalinjury(Fig.12-7).

FIGURE12-7Correctexposuretoavoidthermal
injurytotransversecolon.Arrow,refertothedirection
oftractiononboweloromentum.
mobilizedandadequatereachisconfirmed,thepatientisplacedback
intomildTrendelenburgposition,andhandaccessportisopened.The
proximalcolonisdividedwithstaplingdevice,andtheintervening
mesenteryfromthispointdowntoIMAstumpisdividedwithabipolar
energydevice.Thesmallbowel,thececum,andtheproximalcolonare
packedawayusingamoistlappad.Thesigmoidcolonismobilized,and
therectosigmoidjunctionisdividedwithastaplingdevice.The
specimenissentoff,andanend-to-endanastomosisusingthedouble
staplingtechniqueiscreated.Flexiblesigmoidoscopyisperformedto
visualizetheanastomosisandperformanairleaktest.Whenperfusion
intheproximalcolonorthedistalrectumisinquestion,indocyanine
green–basedfluoroscopyisausefuladjuncttoensureadequate
perfusiontotheeachendoftheanastomosis(Fig.12-8).

FIGURE12-8Perfusionassessmentofdistal
rectum(A)andproximalcolonwithanvil(B)right
beforeanastomosis.

POSTOPERATIVEMANAGEMENT
Thereisnoconsensusregardingpostoperativeroutine,butinstitutional
enhancedrecoveryprotocolisrecommended.Earlyoralfeeding,early
ambulation,andminimalnecessarynarcoticpainmedicationuse,
complementedbyroutineuseofnon-narcoticpainmedicationsuchas
nonsteroidalanti-inflammatorydrugs,improverecovery.Foleycatheter
isremovedonpostoperativeday1inmostcaseswhenpatientis
ambulatingandotherwiseclinicallystable.

COMPLICATIONS
Themostdevastatingcomplicationaftercolectomyisanastomoticleak.
Themostimportantprincipleinmanaginganastomoticleakisearly
diagnosisandpromptfecaldiversionandwashouttominimizethe
inflammatoryresponseofabdominalsepsis.Whenanastomotic
disruptionislimited,andthemajorityoftheanastomosisisviable,
washoutandloopileostomyalongwithplacementofapelvicdrainis
appropriate.Loopileostomycreationisfacilitatedviaahandport
incision.Ararebutequallydevastatingcomplicationafterleftcolectomy
isleftureteralinjury.Whenureteralinjuryisrecognizedintraoperatively
andrepairedoverastent,morbidityisingeneralminimal.Delayed
diagnosisofureteralinjuryisproblematic.Everyeffortshouldbemadeto
identifytheleftureterclearlyineveryleftcolectomycase.
Missedbowelinjurycanmanifestitselfintheimmediatepostoperative
period.Acommonmechanismofbowelinjuryisthermalinjuryfroman
energydevice.Thiscanhappentothesmallintestinesascollateral
damageortotheleftcolonwhileitisbeingmobilized.Full-thickness
thermalinjury–inducedperforationusuallymanifestsonpostoperative
day2or3.Highindexofsuspicionisrequiredbecauseimagingisneither
sensitivenorspecifictoevaluatebowelinjury.

CONCLUSIONS
Themainadvantagesofhand-assistedlaparoscopicleftcolectomyare(a)
shorteroperativetimeand(b)lessconversiontolaparotomycompared
withstraightlaparoscopicleftcolectomy,whileretainingmanybenefits
oflaparoscopiccolectomysuchasshorterhospitalstayandless
postoperativepaincomparedwithopencolectomy.Inaddition,handassistedleftcolectomyisavaluabletoolinsurgeryforsigmoid
diverticulardisease,inmorbidlyobesepatients,andincomplex
pathologyofsigmoidcolon.

RECOMMENDEDREFERENCESAND
READINGS
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colorectalcancer:ARCTisneeded.SurgOncol2012;21(3):111–23.
JafariM,WexnerS,MartzJ,etal.Perfusionassessmentinlaparoscopicleft-sided/anterior
resection(PILLARII):multi-institutionalstudy.JAmCollSurg2015;(220):82–92.
LeeSW,YooJ,DujovnyN,SonodaT,MilsomJW.Laparoscopicvs.hand-assistedlaparoscopic
sigmoidectomyfordiverticulitis.DisColonRectum2006;49(4):464–9.
MarcelloPW,FleshmanJW,MilsomJW,etal.Hand-assistedlaparoscopicvs.laparoscopic
colorectalsurgery:amulticenter,prospective,randomizedtrial.DisColonRectum
2008;51(6):818–26.
MondzelewskiT,SchmitzJ,ChristmanM,etal.Intraocularpressureduringrobotic-assisted
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ZhuangCL,YeXZ,ZhangCJ,ChenBC,YuZ.Enhancedrecoveryaftersurgeryprogramsversus
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