Добавил:
kiopkiopkiop18@yandex.ru t.me/Prokururor I Вовсе не секретарь, но почту проверяю Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз: Предмет: Файл:
Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_861_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf
Скачиваний:
0
Добавлен:
31.08.2026
Размер:
36 Мб
Скачать
FIGURE12-4Elevatingsigmoidmesenterywith
inferiormesentericartery.
p.87
p.88
atthesacralpromontory,wherethereisgreatestseparationbetweenthe inferiormesentericartery(IMA)andIliacvessels(dottedlineinFig.12-
3).Airdissectionoccurswhentheperitonealincisionismadeinthe
correctplace.OnceawidewindowbehindtheIMAiscreated,blunt dissectionseparatesmesenteryfromretroperitoneumasshownin
Figure12-5(“purplegoesdown”).Onceleftureterandgonadalvessel
areclearlyidentifiedandseparatedfrommesentery,attentionispaidto isolatetheinferiormesentericpedicle.Atthispoint,nervefibersof superiorhypogastricplexuscanbefeltbeingpulleduplateraltoIMA. Thisneedstobesweptdownandpreserved.
FIGURE12-5Medialtolateraldissection.Arrow,
refertodirectionofbluntfingerdissectionortraction.
toleftcolicarterytake-off)orhigh(proximaltoleftcolic).Inbenign casesandelderly,lowligationisrecommended.Incancercases,high ligationisadvisable,eventhoughdefiniteevidenceofoncologicbenefit islacking.Inathinpatient,theleftcolicarterycanbeseencoursingina cephaladdirectionovertheinferiormesentericveintowardthesplenic flexure.Inobesepatientswithcorpulentmesentery,theviewisdifficult todiscernunlessextensivedissectionwithinthemesenteryisdone.The authorsroutinelyusebipolarenergydevicetoligatemesentericvessels. Asurgicalstaplingdevicewithvascularloadisanoptioninpatientswith calcifiedvessels.Whenusingbipolarenergydevicetoligatevessels,be preparedtomanageasituationwherethesealisnotcomplete.Thisis rareevenincalcifiedvessels.However,theoperatingroomshouldbe stockedwithendoloop,laparoscopicclipapplier,andlaparoscopic staplingdevice.
colicartery(whenlowligationofIMAwasdone),inordertogainbetter reachoftheproximalcolontoapelvicanastomosis,isnotroutinely necessary.Inalowanteriorresection,itmaybenecessary.Whenthe inferiormesentericveinisligatedproximally,medialtolateral dissectioncanbeachievedtotheinferiorborderofpancreas.Whenthe inferiormesentericveinisnotligated,medialtolateraldissectionis achievedtothewhitelinelaterally.
flexure.Thisstepisgreatlyfacilitatedbycompletingmedialtolateral dissection.Incisethelateralattachmentmedialtothewhitelineof Toldt’s,andtheemptyspace,previouslydeveloped,willbeencountered. Thedissectioncontinuescephaladtowardthesplenicflexure.The assistantpullstheproximalleftcolonmediallyandsurgeon’slefthand doestheexposure(Fig.12-6).
FIGURE12-6Mobilizingdescendingcolon
towardsplenicflexure.Arrow,refertothedirectionof tractiononboweloromentum.
p.88
p.89
transversecolon.ThepatientisplacedinreverseTrendelenburg positionforthisstep.Startingatthemidpointofthetransversecolon, dividethefusionplanebetweentheomentumandpericolonicfat.Once thelessersacisentered(confirmedbyvisualizationoftheposteriorwall ofthestomach),continuetodividetheattachmentstowardthesplenic flexure.Oncealltheretroperitonealattachmenttospleen,pancreas,and kidneyaredivided,thesplenicflexureshouldbefree.Duringthisstep,a triangulationretractionbetweentheomentumandthetransversecolon protectsthecolonfromthermalinjury(Fig.12-7).
FIGURE12-7Correctexposuretoavoidthermal
injurytotransversecolon.Arrow,refertothedirection oftractiononboweloromentum.
mobilizedandadequatereachisconfirmed,thepatientisplacedback intomildTrendelenburgposition,andhandaccessportisopened.The proximalcolonisdividedwithstaplingdevice,andtheintervening mesenteryfromthispointdowntoIMAstumpisdividedwithabipolar energydevice.Thesmallbowel,thececum,andtheproximalcolonare packedawayusingamoistlappad.Thesigmoidcolonismobilized,and therectosigmoidjunctionisdividedwithastaplingdevice.The specimenissentoff,andanend-to-endanastomosisusingthedouble staplingtechniqueiscreated.Flexiblesigmoidoscopyisperformedto visualizetheanastomosisandperformanairleaktest.Whenperfusion intheproximalcolonorthedistalrectumisinquestion,indocyanine green–basedfluoroscopyisausefuladjuncttoensureadequate perfusiontotheeachendoftheanastomosis(Fig.12-8).
FIGURE12-8Perfusionassessmentofdistal
rectum(A)andproximalcolonwithanvil(B)right beforeanastomosis.
POSTOPERATIVEMANAGEMENT
Thereisnoconsensusregardingpostoperativeroutine,butinstitutional enhancedrecoveryprotocolisrecommended.Earlyoralfeeding,early ambulation,andminimalnecessarynarcoticpainmedicationuse, complementedbyroutineuseofnon-narcoticpainmedicationsuchas nonsteroidalanti-inflammatorydrugs,improverecovery.Foleycatheter isremovedonpostoperativeday1inmostcaseswhenpatientis ambulatingandotherwiseclinicallystable.

COMPLICATIONS

Themostdevastatingcomplicationaftercolectomyisanastomoticleak. Themostimportantprincipleinmanaginganastomoticleakisearly diagnosisandpromptfecaldiversionandwashouttominimizethe inflammatoryresponseofabdominalsepsis.Whenanastomotic disruptionislimited,andthemajorityoftheanastomosisisviable, washoutandloopileostomyalongwithplacementofapelvicdrainis appropriate.Loopileostomycreationisfacilitatedviaahandport incision.Ararebutequallydevastatingcomplicationafterleftcolectomy isleftureteralinjury.Whenureteralinjuryisrecognizedintraoperatively andrepairedoverastent,morbidityisingeneralminimal.Delayed diagnosisofureteralinjuryisproblematic.Everyeffortshouldbemadeto identifytheleftureterclearlyineveryleftcolectomycase.
Missedbowelinjurycanmanifestitselfintheimmediatepostoperative period.Acommonmechanismofbowelinjuryisthermalinjuryfroman energydevice.Thiscanhappentothesmallintestinesascollateral damageortotheleftcolonwhileitisbeingmobilized.Full-thickness thermalinjury–inducedperforationusuallymanifestsonpostoperative day2or3.Highindexofsuspicionisrequiredbecauseimagingisneither sensitivenorspecifictoevaluatebowelinjury.

CONCLUSIONS

Themainadvantagesofhand-assistedlaparoscopicleftcolectomyare(a) shorteroperativetimeand(b)lessconversiontolaparotomycompared withstraightlaparoscopicleftcolectomy,whileretainingmanybenefits oflaparoscopiccolectomysuchasshorterhospitalstayandless postoperativepaincomparedwithopencolectomy.Inaddition,hand­assistedleftcolectomyisavaluabletoolinsurgeryforsigmoid diverticulardisease,inmorbidlyobesepatients,andincomplex pathologyofsigmoidcolon.
RECOMMENDEDREFERENCESAND READINGS
CirocchiR,TrastulliS,FarinellaE,etal.Hightievslowtieoftheinferiormesentericarteryin
colorectalcancer:ARCTisneeded.SurgOncol2012;21(3):111–23. JafariM,WexnerS,MartzJ,etal.Perfusionassessmentinlaparoscopicleft-sided/anterior
resection(PILLARII):multi-institutionalstudy.JAmCollSurg2015;(220):82–92. LeeSW,YooJ,DujovnyN,SonodaT,MilsomJW.Laparoscopicvs.hand-assistedlaparoscopic
sigmoidectomyfordiverticulitis.DisColonRectum2006;49(4):464–9. MarcelloPW,FleshmanJW,MilsomJW,etal.Hand-assistedlaparoscopicvs.laparoscopic
colorectalsurgery:amulticenter,prospective,randomizedtrial.DisColonRectum
2008;51(6):818–26. MondzelewskiT,SchmitzJ,ChristmanM,etal.Intraocularpressureduringrobotic-assisted
laparoscopicproceduresutilizingsteepTrendelenburgpositioning.JGlaucoma2015;24:399–
404.
ZhuangCL,YeXZ,ZhangCJ,ChenBC,YuZ.Enhancedrecoveryaftersurgeryprogramsversus
traditionalcareforcolorectalsurgery:ameta-analysisofrandomizedcontrolledtrials.Dis
ColonRectum2013;30(3):225–32.
PARTIII
LOWANTERIORRESECTION