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INDEX OF TERMS
A
Abdominal calcications, 139–140, 139f
Abdominal ectopic pregnancy, 231–232, 231f
Abdominal mass, cystic, 63–64, 63f
Abdominal pain
in acute appendicitis, 20
in heterotopic pregnancy, 158
mass in pregnancy with, 219–220, 219f
in ovarian torsion, 244
Abdominal wall defect
gastroschisis as, 89–90
omphalocele as, 39–40
Abortion, spontaneous
cervical ectopic pregnancy versus, 174
retained products of conception following, 124
in subchorionic hemorrhage and, 96
in twin pregnancy, 154
Abruption, placental, 141–142, 141f
Acardiac twin, 211–212, 211f
Adenomyoma, 230
Adenomyosis, 229–230, 229f
Adnexal mass
extraovarian, in ectopic pregnancy, 102
ovarian, 91–92
pain in pregnancy with, 219–220, 219f
AFP. See α-Fetoprotein levels (AFP)
Agenesis
corpus callosum, 217–218, 217f
renal, oligohydramnios in, 15f, 16
uterine, 210
Airway obstruction, congenital high, 195–196, 195f
Allantoic cyst, 216
Alobar holoprosencephaly, 49–50, 49f
Amniocentesis in aqueductal stenosis, 38
Amniotic band syndrome, 186
Amniotic uid abnormalities
oligohydramnios, 15–16, 15f (See also Oligohydramnios)
polyhydramnios, 73–74 (See also Polyhydramnios)
in utero infections and, 86
Anal atresia in VATER/VACTERYL association, 191–192
Anencephaly, 29–30, 29f
Anorectal atresia, 151–152, 151f
Aortic anomalies/abnormalities
in hypoplastic left heart syndrome, 78
in tetralogy of Fallot, 80
Appendicitis, 19–20, 19f
Aqueductal stenosis, 37–38
hydrocephalus with, 54
Arcuate uterus, 42, 210
Arrhythmias, fetal hydrops with, 126
Arterial ow, ovarian torsion and, 244
Arteriovenous (AV) malformation, 25–26, 25f
Ascites
in congenital high airway obstruction, 196
in ovarian hyperstimulation disorder, 203f, 204
urine, in bladder outlet obstruction, 234
ASD. See Atrial septal defect (ASD)
Atresia
anal, in VATER/VACTERYL association, 191–192
duodenal, 31–32, 31f
enlarged stomach in, 60
in trisomy 21, 72, 180
esophageal, 145–146, 145f
large bowel, 151–152, 151f
laryngeal, 196
Atresia (Continued)
tracheal, 196
urethral, 234
Atrial septal defect (ASD), 87f, 88
Atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD), 87f, 88
cardiosplenic syndrome with, 239f, 240
Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease, 181–182, 181f
AV. See Arteriovenous (AV) malformation
AVSD. See Atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD)
B
Banana sign in myelomeningocele, 35f, 36
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, 182
Beta-human chorionic gonadotropin
in chromosomal anomaly screening, 148
in ectopic pregnancy, 102
intrauterine gestational sac visibility and, 120
Bicornuate uterus, 41f, 42, 209f, 210
septate uterus versus, 209f, 210
Bilateral renal agenesis, oligohydramnios in, 15f, 16
Biparietal diameter (BPD), measurement of, 112
Bladder
“keyhole,” 233f, 234
posterior urethral valves and abnormalities of, 118
Bladder outlet obstruction, 233–234, 233f
due to cyst, 64
Bleeding. See Hemorrhage
Blood ow, ovarian torsion and, 244
Bochdalek hernia, 93–94, 93f
Bowed long bones in osteogenesis imperfecta, 156
Bowel
atresia of, 151–152, 151f
echogenicity in trisomy 21, 180
obstruction of, 135–136
Bowel-related cysts, 64
BPD. See Biparietal diameter (BPD), measurement of
Breast cancer, tamoxifen therapy for, 1–4, 3f
Bronchopulmonary sequestration, 48
C
Calcication, intraabdominal, 139–140, 139f
Call-Exner bodies, 226
Calvarial abnormalities, 111–112, 111f
Cancer
breast, tamoxifen therapy for, 1–4, 3f
endometrial, 83–84
ovarian, 17–18, 17f, 108
uterine, 127–128, 127f
Cardiomegaly in twin-twin transfusion syndrome, 178
Cardiosplenic syndrome, 239–240, 239f
CCAM/CPAM. See Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM)/
congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM)
CDH. See Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH)
Cebocephaly in holoprosencephaly, 50
Central nervous system (CNS) anomalies
arteriovenous malformation, 25–26, 25f
choroid plexus cyst, 11–12
encephalocele, 187–190, 189f
lemon sign in, 111f, 112
polyhydramnios with, 74
porencephaly, 213–214, 213f
in trisomy 13, 169f, 170
in trisomy 18, 110
in utero infection and, 86
Cerebral hemorrhage, 131–132, 131f
Page numbers followed by f refer to gures.
247
INDEX OF TERMS
Cervix
ectopic pregnancy in, 173–174, 173f
incarcerated uterus and, 208
incompetent, 129–130, 129f
Cesarean section scar, ectopic pregnancy in, 65f, 66
CHAOS. See Congenital high airway obstruction (CHAOS)
Chiari malformation
hydrocephalus in, 54
lemon sign in, 111f, 112
Cholelithiasis, fetal, 160
Chorioangioma, placental, 75f, 76
Choroid plexus
cyst of, 11–12, 109–110, 109f
dangling, in hydrocephalus, 54
Chylothorax, fetal, 6
Circumvallate placenta, 221–222, 221f
Cleft lip and palate, 143–144, 143f
in holoprosencephaly, 50
Cleft sternum, 202
Clenched hands in trisomy 18, 109f, 110
Cloverleaf skull, 111f, 112
in thanatophoric dysplasia, 224
Clubfoot, 61–62, 61f
in trisomy 13, 170
in trisomy 18, 109f, 110
CNS. See Central nervous system (CNS)
Color Doppler imaging
in endometrial cancer, 84
in fetal demise, 100
in gestational trophoblastic disease, 172
in ovarian torsion, 244
in ovarian vein thrombosis, 150
in pericardial effusion, 68
in placenta accreta, 134
in pulmonary sequestration, 56
in single umbilical artery, 98
in tetralogy of Fallot, 80
in umbilical cord cyst, 216
in umbilical vein varix, 242
in velamentous insertion of umbilical cord, 238
in ventricular septal defect, 82, 88
Colpocephaly, 217f, 218
Computed tomography (CT)
in endometritis and endomyometritis, 205f, 206
in ovarian vein thrombosis, 150
Conception, retained products of, 123–124, 123f
Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM)/congenital pulmonary
airway malformation (CPAM), 47–48, 47f
pulmonary sequestration versus, 56
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), 93–94, 93f
Congenital heart defects
dextraposed transposition of great arteries, 161–162, 161f
Ebstein anomaly, 103–104, 103f
hypoplastic left heart syndrome, 77–78, 77f
tetralogy of Fallot, 79–80
Congenital high airway obstruction (CHAOS), 195–196, 195f
Congenital uterine anomalies, 41–42, 41f, 209–210, 209f
Conjoined twins, 45–46, 45f
Conotruncal abnormalities, 113–114
Contraceptive device, intrauterine, 57–58, 57f
endometritis with, 206
Copper 7 intrauterine contraceptive device, 58
Cordocentesis in fetal goiter, 236
Cornual ectopic pregnancy, 193–194, 193f
Corpus callosum agenesis, 217–218, 217f
Corpus luteum cyst
in ectopic pregnancy, 102
hemorrhagic, 105–108
CPAM. See Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM)/congenital
pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM)
CT. See Computed tomography (CT)
Cul-de-sac, pregnancy in, 208
Cyclopia in holoprosencephaly, 49f, 50
Cyst
abdominal, 63–64, 63f
bowel-related, 64
choroid plexus, 11–12, 109–110, 109f
corpus luteum, in ectopic pregnancy, 102
decidual, 66
genitourinary, 64
ovarian, 7–8, 7f, 64, 105–108
dermoid, 43–44, 91–92, 91f
in polycystic disease, 51–52, 51f
theca-lutein, 172
renal
in autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease, 181–182,
181f
in multicystic dysplastic kidney, 69–70, 69f
umbilical cord, 215–216, 215f
Cystic hygroma, 13–14, 13f
Cystic teratoma, extrauterine, 43–44
D
Dandy-Walker complex, 23–24, 23f
Decidual cast, 65f, 66
Decidual cyst, 66
Delivery
endometritis after, 205–206
obligate presentation of umbilical cord in, 197–198, 197f
ovarian vein thrombosis after, 149–150, 149f
Demineralization of skull, in osteogenesis imperfecta, 156
Demise, fetal, 99–100, 99f
in hydrothorax, 6
in twin gestation, 153–154
Dermoid cyst of ovary, 43–44, 43f, 91–92, 91f
Dermoid plug, 92
DES-related uterine anomalies, 42
Dextraposed transposition of great arteries (d-TGA), 161–162,
161f
Diaphragmatic hernia, 93–94, 93f
enlarged stomach in, 60
Dichorionic-diamniotic twins, 46, 154
fetal loss in, 154
Didelphic uterus, 42
Diethylstilbestrol-related uterine anomalies, 42, 210
Digitalis for acardiac twin, 212
Dilation, large bowel, 152
Doppler imaging
color
in endometrial cancer, 84
in fetal demise, 100
in gestational trophoblastic disease, 172
in ovarian torsion, 244
in ovarian vein thrombosis, 150
in pericardial effusion, 68
in placenta accreta, 134
in pulmonary sequestration, 56
in single umbilical artery, 98
in tetralogy of Fallot, 80
in umbilical cord cyst, 216
in umbilical vein varix, 242
in velamentous insertion of umbilical cord, 238
in ventricular septal defect, 82, 88
in ovarian cancer, 17f, 18
power, in single umbilical artery, 98
in retained products of conception, 123f, 124
of umbilical artery, 115–116, 115f
in fetal hydrops, 125f
“Double bubble” sign in duodenal atresia, 31f, 32
in trisomy 21, 180
Double decidual reaction, 66
Double-outlet right ventricle, 162
Down syndrome. See Trisomy 21
248
INDEX OF TERMS
d-TGA. See Dextraposed transposition of great arteries (d-TGA)
Duodenal atresia, 31–32, 31f
enlarged stomach in, 60
in trisomy 21, 72, 180
Dwarsm, thanatophoric, 112, 223–224, 223f
Dysplasia
renal multicystic, 69–70, 69f
thanatophoric, 223–224, 223f
cloverleaf skull in, 112
E
Early intrauterine gestational sac, 119–120, 119f
Ebstein anomaly, 103–104, 103f
Echogenic intracardiac focus (EIF), 71f, 72
Echogenicity
of bowel in trisomy 21, 180
of subchorionic hemorrhage, 96
Echogenic kidney, 182
Echogenic lung mass, 47–48, 47f
Ectopia cordis, 201–202, 201f
Ectopic pregnancy
abdominal, 231–232, 231f
cervical, 173–174, 173f
in cesarean section scar, 65f, 66
cornual, 193–194, 193f
incarcerated uterus versus, 208
rupture of, 101–102, 101f
unruptured, 65–66, 65f
Ectopic ureterocele, 199–200
Edward’s syndrome. See Trisomy 18
Effusion
pericardial, 67–68, 67f
pleural, 5–6, 5f
EIF. See Echogenic intracardiac focus (EIF)
Embryonic demise, 99–100, 99f
Encephalocele, 187–190, 189f
Endocardial cushion defect, 87–88, 87f
in duodenal atresia, 32
in trisomy 21, 180
ventricular septal defect versus, 82
Endometrial gas, 206
Endometrioma, 184
Endometriosis, 183–184, 183f
Endometritis, 205–206, 205f
Endometrium
cancer of, 83–84
imaging of, 165f, 166
polyps of, 165–166, 165f
sex cord-stromal tumors and, 226
tamoxifen-associated abnormalities of, 1–4, 3f
thickness of, 84, 166
in retained products of conception, 124
Endomyometritis, 205–206
Enteric duplication cyst, 64
Epithelial elements in dermoid cyst, 92
Esophageal atresia, 145–146, 145f
Estriol level in triple screen test, 148
Ethmocephaly in holoprosencephaly, 50
EXIT procedure, 196
Extralobar pulmonary sequestration, 56
Extrauterine mass in pregnancy, 43–44, 43f
F
Facial anomalies
cleft lip and palate as, 143–144, 143f
in holoprosencephaly, 49f, 50
in trisomy 13, 169f, 170
Fallopian tube dilation in pelvic inammatory disease, 167f,
168
Fetal demise, 99–100, 99f
in hydrothorax, 6
in twin gestation, 153–154
Fetal hemorrhage in succenturiate lobe, 176
Fetal hydrops, 13–14, 13f
in congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation /congenital pulmonary
airway malformation, 47f
congenital high airway obstruction with, 196
nonimmune, 14, 125–126, 125f
pericardial effusions with, 68
pleural effusions with, 6
in sacrococcygeal teratoma, 22
in trisomy 21, 180
Fetal pole visualization, 120
α-Fetoprotein levels (AFP)
in anencephaly, 30
in placental infarct, 76
in triple screen test, 148
Fetus
anencephaly in, 29–30, 29f
aqueductal stenosis in, 37–38, 37f
arteriovenous malformation in, 25–26, 25f
bladder abnormalities and gender of, 118
bladder outlet obstruction in, 233–234, 233f
cardiac rhabdomyoma in, 163–164, 163f
cardiosplenic syndrome in, 239–240
choroid plexus cyst in, 11–12, 11f
cleft lip and palate in, 143–144, 143f
clubfoot in, 61–62, 61f
congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation /congenital pulmonary airway
malformation in, 47–48, 47f
congenital diaphragmatic hernia in, 93–94, 93f
congenital high airway obstruction in, 195–196, 195f
corpus callosum agenesis in, 217–218, 217f
cystic hygroma in, 13–14, 13f
Dandy-Walker complex in, 23–24, 23f
duodenal atresia in, 31–32, 31f
ectopia cordis in, 201–202, 201f
ectopic ureterocele in, 199–200
encephalocele in, 187–190, 189f
endocardial cushion defect in, 87–88, 87f
esophageal atresia in, 145–146, 145f
gallbladder visualization in, 159–160, 159f
gastroschisis in, 89–90, 89f
goiter in, 235–236, 235f
heterotaxy syndrome in, 239–240, 239f
hydranencephaly in, 121–122, 121f
hydrocephalus in, 53–54, 53f
hypoplastic left heart syndrome in, 77–78, 77f
intracranial hemorrhage in, 131–132, 131f
large bowel atresia in, 151–152, 151f
limb-body wall complex in, 185–186, 185f
liver calcication in, 139–140
meconium pseudocyst in, 137–138, 137f
myelomeningocele, 35–36, 35f
omphalocele in, 39–40
osteogenesis imperfecta in, 155–156, 155f
ovarian cysts in, 7–8, 7f
pleural effusions in, 5–6, 5f
polycystic kidney disease in, 181–182, 181f
porencephaly in, 213–214, 213f
posterior urethral valves in, 117–118, 117f
sacrococcygeal teratoma in, 21–22, 21f
small bowel obstruction in, 135–136, 135f
stomach enlargement in, 59–60
subdural hematoma in, 227–228, 227f
tetralogy of Fallot, 79–80, 79f
thanatophoric dysplasia in, 223–224, 223f
transposition of great arteries in, 161–162, 161f
trisomy 13 (See Trisomy 13)
trisomy 18 in (See Trisomy 18)
trisomy 21 in (See Trisomy 21)
in twin pregnancy, 45–46 (See also Twin gestation)
ureteropelvic junction obstruction in, 9–10, 9f
in utero infection in, 85–86, 85f
249
INDEX OF TERMS
Fetus (Continued)
VATER/VACTERYL association in, 191–192, 191f
ventricular septal defect in, 81–82, 81f
Fetus papyraceus, 154
Fever in retained products of conception, 124
Fibroids, uterine, 127f, 128
Fibroma, cardiac, 164
Fistula, tracheoesophageal, 191–192
Five-short-axis view of heart, 114
Folic acid deciency in anencephaly, 30
Fractures in osteogenesis imperfecta, 155f, 156
Fraternal twins, 46
Funneling, cervical, 130
G
Gallbladder, fetal, 159–160, 159f
Gallstones, fetal, 140, 160
Gas, endometrial, 206
Gastrointestinal system abnormalities
polyhydramnios with, 74
umbilical cord cysts associated with, 216
Gastroschisis, 89–90, 89f
Gender, fetal, bladder abnormalities and, 118
Genitourinary system
cysts of, 64
umbilical cord cysts associated with anomalies of, 216
Gestational sac
in cervical ectopic pregnancy, 174
in cornual ectopic pregnancy, 193f, 194
early intrauterine, 119–120, 119f
imaging of to rule out ectopic pregnancy, 66
Gestational trophoblastic disease, 171–172, 171f
Goiter, fetal, 235–236, 235f
Gonadotropin, human chorionic
in chromosomal anomaly screening, 148
in ectopic pregnancy, 102
intrauterine gestational sac visibility and, 120
ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome associated with administration of,
204
Granulosa-stromal cell ovarian tumors, 225f, 226
Graves’ disease, 236
Gray-scale ultrasound
in ovarian cancer, 17f, 18
in ovarian torsion, 243f, 244
Growth restriction, intrauterine
in single umbilical artery, 98
in trisomy 13, 170
umbilical artery Doppler imaging in, 116
H
Hair in dermoid cyst, 92
Hands, clenched, in trisomy 18, 109f, 110
hCG. See Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
Heart
anomalies/malformations of (See also Congenital heart defects)
ectopia cordis as, 201–202, 201f
enlarged stomach with, 60
esophageal atresia with, 146
fetal hydrops with, 126
heterotaxy syndrome and cardiosplenic syndrome as, 239–240, 239f
hypoplastic left heart syndrome with, 78
pericardial effusion with, 68
in trisomy 13, 169f, 170
in trisomy 18, 110
in trisomy 21, 72, 180
in utero infection and, 86
in VACTERYL association, 192
ventricular septal defect with, 82
ve-short-axis view of, 114
hypoplastic left heart syndrome of, 77–78, 77f
rhabdomyoma of, 163–164, 163f
three-vessel view of, 113–114, 113f
Hemangioma, cardiac, 164
Hematoma
subchorionic, 96
subdural, 227–228, 227f
Hemorrhage
in abdominal ectopic pregnancy, 232
in adenomyosis, 230
in cervical ectopic pregnancy, 174
in choroid plexus cyst, 12
in corpus luteum cyst, 105–108
endometrial cancer and, 84
endometrial polyps, 166
intracranial, 131–132, 131f
subdural hematoma as, 228
in placenta accreta, 134
placental, 141–142
in placenta previa, 28
in retained products of conception, 124
subchorionic, 95–96, 95f
in succenturiate lobe, 176
uterine, 166
Hernia, diaphragmatic, 93–94, 93f
enlarged stomach in, 60
Heterotaxy syndrome, 239–240, 239f
Heterotopic pregnancy, 157–158, 220
High airway obstruction, congenital, 195–196, 195f
HIV. See Human immunodeciency virus (HIV) infection
HLHS. See Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS)
Holoprosencephaly, 49–50, 49f
in trisomy 13, 169f, 170
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
in chromosomal anomaly screening, 148
in ectopic pregnancy, 102
intrauterine gestational sac visibility and, 120
ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome associated with administration of,
204
Human immunodeciency virus (HIV) infection, 86
Hybrid lesions, pulmonary, 48, 56
Hydatidiform mole, 171–172, 171f
retained products of conception versus, 124
Hydranencephaly, 121–122, 121f
Hydrocephalus, 53–54, 53f
in aqueductal stenosis, 38
in thanatophoric dysplasia, 224
Hydronephrosis
in bladder outlet obstruction, 234
multicystic dysplastic kidney and, 70
Hydrops, 13–14, 13f
in congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation /congenital pulmonary
airway malformation, 47f
congenital high airway obstruction with, 196
nonimmune, 14, 125–126, 125f
pericardial effusions with, 68
pleural effusions with, 6
in sacrococcygeal teratoma, 22
in trisomy 21, 180
Hydrosalpinx, 168
Hydrothorax, fetal, 6
in pulmonary sequestration, 56
Hygroma, cystic, 13–14, 13f
Hyperplasia, endometrial, 84, 166
Hyperstimulation syndrome, ovarian, 203–204, 203f
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), 77–78, 77f
Hypoplastic uterus, 42, 210
Hypotelorism in holoprosencephaly, 50
Hypothyroidism, fetal, 236
Hypovolemic shock in ovarian hyperstimulation disorder, 204
I
Identical twins, 46
Impedance, umbilical artery, 116
Incarcerated uterus, 207–208, 207f
250
INDEX OF TERMS
Incompetent cervix, 129–130, 129f
Indeterminate situs, 240
Infantile polycystic kidney disease, 181–182, 181f
Infarction, placental, 75–76, 75f
Infection
due to intrauterine contraceptive device, 57f, 58
of endometrial canal, 205–206, 205f
fetal hydrops due to, 126
ovarian vein thrombosis due to, 150
pelvic inammatory disease due to, 168
in utero, 85–86, 85f
Infertility, polycystic ovarian disease and, 52
Infundibular pulmonic stenosis, 80
International standard (IS), 120
Interstitial ectopic pregnancy, 193–194, 193f
Interstitial line sign, 193f, 194
Intraabdominal calcications, 139–140, 139f
Intracranial hemorrhage, 131–132, 131f
subdural hematoma as, 228
Intradecidual sign, 66
Intralobar pulmonary sequestration, 56
Intraparenchymal cerebral hemorrhage, 132
Intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD), 57–58,
57f
endometritis with, 206
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)
in single umbilical artery, 98
in trisomy 13, 170
umbilical artery Doppler imaging in, 116
Intrauterine pregnancy (IUP), normal versus abnormal,
120
Intraventricular hemorrhage, 132
In utero infection, 85–86, 85f
IS. See International standard (IS)
IUCD. See Intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD)
IUGR. See Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)
K
“Keyhole” bladder, 233f, 234
Kidney
autosomal recessive polycystic disease of, 181–182,
181f
dysplasia in VATER/VACTERYL association, 192
multicystic dysplastic, 69–70, 69f
oligohydramnios in agenesis of, 15f, 16
Kleeblattschädel, 111f, 112
L
Large bowel atresia, 151–152, 151f
Laryngeal atresia, 196
Left-sided Bochdalek hernia, 93–94, 93f
Leiomyoma, uterine, 127f, 128
Leiomyosarcoma, uterine, 127f, 128
Lemon sign, 111f, 112
in myelomeningocele, 35f, 36
Length, cervical, 130
Limb anomalies in VACTERYL association, 192
Limb-body wall complex, 185–186, 185f
omphalocele versus, 40
Lip, cleft, 143–144, 143f
in holoprosencephaly, 50
Lipoleiomyoma, uterine, 127f, 128
Lithium therapy, Ebstein anomaly associated with,
104
Liver calcication in fetus, 139–140
Long bones
bowing in osteogenesis imperfecta, 156
short in trisomy 21, 180
Lower pole moiety, ectopic ureterocele and, 200
Lumbosacral mass
in myelomeningocele, 35–36
in sacrococcygeal teratoma, 21–22
Lungs
echogenic mass in, 47–48, 47f
sequestration in, 55–56
congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation /congenital pulmonary
airway malformation versus, 48
Luteinization in ovarian hyperstimulation disorder, 204
M
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
in acute appendicitis, 20
in adenomyosis, 229f, 230
in congenital high airway obstruction, 195f, 196
in Ebstein anomaly, 103–104, 103f
in endometriosis, 183f, 184
in goiter, 235f, 236
in ovarian mass, 18
in ovarian vein thrombosis, 150
in placenta accreta, 133f, 134
in polycystic kidney disease, 181f, 182
in uterine anomalies, congenital, 210
Marginal cord insertion, 238
MCA. See Middle cerebral artery (MCA)
MCDK. See Multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK)
Mean sac diameter (MSD), 120
Meckel-Gruber syndrome, 182, 190
Meconium ileus, 136
Meconium pseudocyst, 64, 137–138, 137f
Membrane rupture, spontaneous, oligohydramnios in, 15f, 16
Mesenteric cyst, 64
Methotrexate therapy for ectopic pregnancy, 102
abdominal, 232
cervical, 174
Middle cerebral artery (MCA), Doppler imaging of, 116
Mirena intrauterine contraceptive device, 58
“Mirror syndrome,” 48
Miscarriage. See Spontaneous abortion
M-mode ultrasound in fetal demise, 99f, 100
Molar pregnancy, 171–172, 171f
retained products of conception versus, 124
Monochorionic-diamniotic twins, 46, 154
fetal loss in, 154
Monochorionic-monoamniotic twins, 46, 154
fetal loss in, 154
Monochorionic twinning
acardiac twin in, 212
twin-twin transfusion in, 177–178
Mortality, perinatal. See Fetal demise
MRI. See Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
MSD. See Mean sac diameter (MSD)
Müllerian duct anomalies, 42
Multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK), 69–70, 69f
Multiple pregnancies, velamentous insertion of umbilical cord in, 238
Myelomeningocele, 35–36, 35f
Myoma
cardiac, 163–164, 163f
uterine, 127f, 128
Myometrium
in adenomyosis, 230
cornual ectopic pregnancy and, 193f, 194
infection into, 205–206
N
Nasal bone, absent or short in trisomy 21, 72, 180
“Necklace” sign, 204
Neoplasm
endometrial, 83–84
ovarian, 17–18, 17f, 44, 108
sex-cord stromal tumor, 225–226, 225f
uterine, 127–128, 127f
Neural tube defects
anencephaly as, 29–30, 29f
myelomeningocele as, 35–36, 35f
251
INDEX OF TERMS
Nonimmune fetal hydrops, 14, 125–126, 125f
Nuchal ligament in cystic hygroma, 14
Nuchal thickness/thickening
fetal hydrops and, 126
measurement of, 34, 147–148, 147f
in second trimester, 33–34, 33f
in trisomy 21, 72, 179f, 180
Nyberg cleft lip and palate classication, 144
O
Obligate cord, 197–198, 197f
Obstruction
bladder, 233–234, 233f
due to cyst, 64
posterior urethral valves and, 118
congenital high airway, 195–196, 195f
large bowel, 152
small bowel, 135–136, 135f
ureteropelvic junction, 9–10, 9f
OHSS. See Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS)
Oligohydramnios, 15–16, 15f
in multicystic dysplastic kidney, 70
in polycystic kidney disease, 181f, 182
in twin-twin transfusion syndrome, 177f, 178
umbilical artery Doppler imaging in, 116
Omental cyst, 64
Omphalocele, 39–40
gastroschisis versus, 90
Omphalomesenteric duct cyst, 216
Osteogenesis imperfecta, 155–156, 155f
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), 203–204, 203f
Ovarian vein thrombosis, 149–150, 149f
Ovary
cancer of, 17–18, 17f, 108
cysts of, 7–8, 7f, 64, 105–108
dermoid, 43–44, 43f, 91–92, 91f
in polycystic disease, 51–52, 51f
theca-lutein, 172
sex-cord stromal tumor of, 225–226, 225f
torsion of, 220, 243–244, 243f
Overriding aorta in tetralogy of Fallot, 80
Ovulation induction, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in, 204
P
Pain
abdominal
in acute appendicitis, 20
in heterotopic pregnancy, 158
mass in pregnancy with, 219–220, 219f
in ovarian torsion, 244
pelvic, in ovarian cysts, 108
Palate, cleft, 143–144, 143f
ParaGard intrauterine contraceptive device, 58
Parenchymal cerebral hemorrhage, 132
Patent urachus, umbilical cord cysts associated with, 216
PCOD. See Polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD)
Pelvic inammatory disease (PID), 167–168, 167f
endometritis in, 206
Pelvic mass, cystic, 64
Pelvic pain in ovarian cysts, 108
Pentalogy of Cantrell, 202
Perforation, with intrauterine contraceptive device, 58
Pericardial effusion, fetal, 67–68, 67f
Perinatal mortality. See Fetal demise
Peritonitis, 20
PID. See Pelvic inammatory disease (PID)
Placenta
abnormalities of, in single umbilical artery, 98
abruption of, 141–142, 141f
accreta, 133–134, 133f
circumvallate, 221–222, 221f
extrachorialis, 221–222, 221f
Placenta (Continued)
infarction of, 75–76, 75f
previa, 27–28, 27f, 134
succenturiate lobe of, 175–176, 175f
Plasma protein, pregnancy-associated, in Down syndrome screening, 148
Platyspondylisis, 156
Pleural effusion, fetal, 5–6, 5f
POC. See Products of conception (POC), retained
Pole, fetal, visualization of, 120
Polycystic kidney disease, autosomal recessive, 181–182, 181f
Polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD), 51–52, 51f
Polyhydramnios, 73–74, 73f
in esophageal atresia, 146
in fetal goiter, 236
in small bowel obstruction, 136
in thanatophoric dysplasia, 224
in twin-twin transfusion syndrome, 177f, 178
Polyps, endometrial, 165–166, 165f
in tamoxifen therapy, 4
Polysalpinx, 168
Porencephaly, 213–214, 213f
Posterior urethral valves (PUVs), 117–118, 117f
bladder outlet obstruction and, 234
obstruction due to cyst, 64
Postmenopausal women
endometrial cancer in, 84
ovarian cyst in, 108
Postpartum period
endometritis in, 205–206, 205f
ovarian vein thrombosis in, 149–150, 149f
Power Doppler imaging in single umbilical artery, 98
Pregnancy
appendicitis in, 19–20, 19f
cervical incompetence in, 129–130, 129f
circumvallate placenta in, 221–222, 221f
ectopic, 65–66, 65f
abdominal, 231–232, 231f
cervical, 173–174, 173f
in cesarean section scar, 65f, 66
cornual, 193–194, 193f
incarcerated uterus versus, 208
rupture of, 101–102, 101f
extrauterine mass in, 43–44, 43f
heterotopic, 157–158, 220
incarcerated uterus in, 207–208, 207f
mass and pain during, 219–220, 219f
molar, 171–172, 171f
retained products of conception versus, 124
oligohydramnios in, 15–16, 15f (See also Oligohydramnios)
ovarian cancer in, 17–18, 17f
ovarian torsion in, 244
placenta accreta in, 133–134, 133f
placental abruption in, 141–142, 141f
placental infarct in, 75–76, 75f
placenta previa in, 27–28, 27f
polyhydramnios in, 73–74, 73f
retained products of conception in, 123–124, 123f
single umbilical artery in, 97–98, 97f
subchorionic hemorrhage in, 95–96, 95f
succenturiate lobe in, 175–176, 175f
trauma in, subdural hematoma due to, 228
umbilical cord in (See Umbilical cord)
uterine anomalies and, 41–42, 41f
in utero infection in, 85–86
Pregnancy-associated plasma protein in Down syndrome screening, 148
Proboscis in trisomy 13, 170
Products of conception (POC), retained, 123f
Prune-belly syndrome, 234
Pseudocyst
meconium, 64, 137–138, 137f
umbilical cord, 216
Pseudogestational sac, 65f, 66
252
INDEX OF TERMS
Pulmonary artery in ve-short-axis view of heart, 114
Pulmonary sequestration, 55–56
congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation /congenital pulmonary airway
malformation versus, 48
Pulmonic stenosis in tetralogy of Fallot, 80
Pulsed Doppler imaging in ovarian torsion, 244
PUVs. See Posterior urethral valves (PUVs)
Pyelectasis in trisomy 21, 72, 179f, 180
R
Radial dysplasia in VATER/VACTERYL association, 192
Renal agenesis, oligohydramnios in, 15f, 16
Retained products of conception, 123–124, 123f
Retroplacental hemorrhage, 142
Rhabdomyoma, cardiac, 163–164
Right ventricle
double-outlet, 162
Ebstein anomaly and, 104
hypertrophy in tetralogy of Fallot, 80
Rocker-bottom foot in trisomy 18, 109f, 110
Rokitansky protuberance, 92
Ruge-Simon syndrome, 194
Rupture
of ectopic pregnancy, 101–102, 101f
of membranes, spontaneous, oligohydramnios in, 15f, 16
S
Sacrococcygeal teratoma, 21–22, 21f
fetal hydrops with, 126
Sandal gap deformity in trisomy 21, 179f, 180
Sarcoma, uterine, 127f, 128
Schizencephaly, 214
Scoliosis in limb-body wall complex in, 186
S/D ratio. See Systolic velocity/end-diastolic velocity (S/D ratio)
Septal defect
atrial, endocardial cushion defect with, 88
atrioventricular, 87f, 88
cardiosplenic syndrome with, 239f, 240
ventricular, 81–82, 81f, 87f, 88
dextraposed transposition of great arteries with, 162
tetralogy of Fallot with, 80
in trisomy 13, 170
Septate uterus, 42
bicornuate uterus versus, 209f, 210
Sequestration, pulmonary, 55–56
congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation /congenital pulmonary airway
malformation versus, 48
Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor, 226
Sex-cord stromal tumor, 225–226, 225f
Shock, hypovolemic, in ovarian hyperstimulation disorder, 204
Shunting
in acardiac twinning, 212
in twin-twin transfusion syndrome, 178
Siamese twins, 45–46, 45f
Single umbilical artery, 97–98, 97f
Situs ambiguus, 240
Skeletal dysplasia, 224
Skin in dermoid cyst, 92
Skull abnormalities, 111–112
cloverleaf, 111f, 112
in thanatophoric dysplasia, 224
in osteogenesis imperfecta, 156
Small bowel obstruction, 135–136, 135f
Sonohysterogram imaging of endometrial polyp, 166
Spalding sign, 100, 111f, 112, 154
Spina bida, 35–36, 35f
Spontaneous abortion
cervical ectopic pregnancy versus, 174
retained products of conception following, 124
in subchorionic hemorrhage and, 96
in twin pregnancy, 154
Spontaneous rupture of membranes (SROM), oligohydramnios in, 15f, 16
SROM. See Spontaneous rupture of membranes (SROM)
Stein-Luventhal syndrome, 52
Sternum, cleft, 202
Stomach, fetal
abnormal position of in heterotaxy syndrome, 240
absence of, 60
in esophageal atresia, 146
enlargement of, 59–60
Strawberry-shaped skull, 112
Stroke, ovarian hyperstimulation disorder and, 204
Stromal tumor, sex-cord, 225–226, 225f
Struma ovarii, 92
Subchorionic hemorrhage, 95–96, 95f
Subdural hematoma, 227–228, 227f
Subdural hemorrhage, 132
Succenturiate lobe, 175–176, 175f
Systolic velocity/end-diastolic velocity (S/D ratio), 116
T
Tachyarrhythmias, fetal hydrops with, 126
Tamoxifen therapy, 1–4, 3f
Teeth in dermoid cyst, 92
Teratoma
cardiac, 164
extrauterine cystic, 43–44, 43f
fetal hydrops with, 126
ovarian, 44, 92
torsion due to, 244
sacrococcygeal, 21–22, 21f
Tetralogy of Fallot, 79–80
TGA. See Transposition of great arteries (TGA)
Thanatophoric dysplasia/dwarsm, 223–224, 223f
cloverleaf skull in, 112
Theca-lutein ovarian cysts, 172
Thecoma-broma ovarian tumor, 225f, 226
Three-dimensional ultrasound in congenital uterine anomalies, 210
Three-vessel view of heart, 113–114, 113f
Thrombosis, ovarian vein, 149–150, 149f
“Tip of the iceberg” sign, 92
TORCH infections
abdominal calcications due to, 140
fetal hydrops due to, 126
Torsion, ovarian, 220, 243–244, 243f
Tracheal atresia, 196
Tracheoesophageal stula in VATER/VACTERYL association, 191–192
Transposition of great arteries (TGA), 161–162, 161f
ve-short-axis view of heart in, 114
Trauma in pregnancy, subdural hematoma due to, 228
Tricuspid valve
Epstein anomaly of, 103–104, 103f
regurgitation in twin-twin transfusion syndrome, 177f, 178
Triple screen test, 148
Trisomy 13, 169–170, 169f
clubfoot in, 62
gallbladder enlargement in, 160
holoprosencephaly in, 50
single umbilical artery in, 98
Trisomy 18, 109–110
choroid plexus cyst in, 12, 109–110, 109f
clubfoot in, 62
single umbilical artery in, 98
strawberry-shaped skull in, 112
Trisomy 21, 71–72, 71f, 179–180
nuchal thickening in, 34, 148
pericardial effusion in, 68
serum markers in, 148
Trisomy E. See Trisomy 18.
Trophoblastic disease, gestational, 171–172, 171f
TTT syndrome. See Twin-twin transfusion (TTT) syndrome
Tubal ring in ectopic pregnancy, 102
Tuberous sclerosis, cardiac myomas with, 164
Tumor. See Neoplasm
253
INDEX OF TERMS
Turner syndrome, 14
Twin gestation, 153–154, 153f
acardiac twin in, 211–212, 211f
conjoined twins in, 45–46, 45f
fetal demise in, 154
fraternal twins in, 46
identical twins in, 46
monochorionic-diamniotic twins in, 46
monochorionic-monoamniotic twins in, 46
Twin-twin transfusion (TTT) syndrome, 177–178, 177f
Two-vessel umbilical cord, 97–98, 97f
Type I collagen, defective, in osteogenesis imperfecta, 156
U
Umbilical artery
Doppler imaging of, 115–116, 115f
in fetal hydrops, 125f
single, 97–98, 97f
Umbilical cord
cysts of, 215–216, 215f
marginal insertion of, 238
obligate, 197–198, 197f
two-vessel, 97–98, 97f
velamentous insertion of, 237–238, 237f
Umbilical vein varix, 241–242
Unicornuate uterus, 42, 210
UPJ. See Ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction
Upper pole moiety, ectopic ureterocele and, 199f, 200
Urachal cyst, 64
Ureterocele, ectopic, 199–200
Ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction, 9–10, 9f
Urethral atresia, 234
Urethral valve, posterior, 117–118
bladder outlet obstruction and, 234
obstruction due to cyst, 64
Urinary tract obstruction, 118
Urine ascites in bladder outlet obstruction, 234
Uterine bleeding, dysfunctional, 166
Uterus
congenital anomalies of, 41–42, 41f, 209–210, 209f
incarcerated, 207–208, 207f
masses in, 127–128, 127f
Uterus didelphys, 210
V
VACTERL association
anorectal atresia in, 152
esophageal atresia in, 146
Vaginal bleeding
in abdominal ectopic pregnancy, 232
in adenomyosis, 230
endometrial cancer and, 84
endometrial polyps, 166
in placental abruption, 142
in retained products of conception, 124
subchorionic hemorrhage and, 96
Varicella infection, 86
Varix of umbilical vein, 241–242
Vasa previa
in succenturiate lobe, 176
velamentous insertion of umbilical cord with, 238
Vascular steal phenomenon, 22
VATER association, 191–192, 191f
Velamentous insertion of umbilical cord, 237–238, 237f
Venous ow, ovarian torsion and, 244
Ventricles
cardiac
Ebstein anomaly and, 104
in ve-short-axis view of heart, 114
hypertrophy in tetralogy of Fallot, 80
hypoplastic left heart syndrome with abnormalities of, 78
cranial
choroid plexus cyst in, 12
in corpus callosum agenesis, 217f, 218
hemorrhage in, 131–132, 131f
hydrocephalus of, 54
in subdural hematoma, 228
Ventricular septal defect (VSD), 81–82, 81f, 87f, 88
dextraposed transposition of great arteries with, 162
tetralogy of Fallot with, 80
in trisomy 13, 170
Ventriculomegaly
in aqueductal stenosis, 38
choroid plexus cyst versus, 12
in corpus callosum agenesis, 218
in myelomeningocele, 36
Vertebral defects in VATER/VACTERYL association, 191–192
VSD. See Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
W
Weigert-Meyer rule, 200
Wharton’s jelly cyst, 216
Y
Yolk sac visualization, 120
254