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Chapter 15 Medical Asepsis and Infection Control 291
Gloves should t comfortably. Be sure to choose the
right size for your hands. They should not be too loose
or too tight. If you or patients are sensitive to the latex
in regular examination gloves, an alternative must be
made available.
Applying and Removing PPE
There is a specic sequence used to apply and remove
personal protective equipment. When applying PPE, put
on the gown, then the mask or face shield or goggles,
and then put on your gloves last. After completion of
procedures, take off your gloves rst and then the goggles, gown, and mask last. Once you have removed the
personal protective equipment, including your gloves,
always wash your hands.
Biohazard and Safety Equipment in the
Medical Ofce
The medical ofce where you work must offer the following protections from biohazardous and other dangerous materials.
SDS binder. Safety data sheets (SDS), formerly known
r
as material safety data sheets (MSDS), are forms
prepared by the manufacturers of all chemical substances and products used in a medical ofce. The
binder in your ofce should contain sheets for all
chemicals used in your workplace. Each sheet tells
how to handle and dispose of the chemical and lists
any protective gear you will need. It also gives you
information about the health hazards and other possible dangers of the chemical, the safety precautions
you need to take when using it, and how to ght any
res involving it. These sheets also outline rst aid in
the event that you do have harmful exposure to the
chemical.
Biohazard waste containers. These are special con-
r
tainers used only for waste contaminated with blood,
body uids, or other potentially infectious material
(OPIM). Sharps containers are one type of biohazard waste container. They are used to dispose of items
that puncture or cut the skin.
Personal protective equipment. Gloves and other
r
PPE must be available for use in areas where there is
a risk of exposure to blood or body uids. See Box
15-1 for information about latex allergy in the medical ofce.
Eyewash station. The eyewash basin can remove
r
contaminants or chemicals that accidentally get in
your eyes. For chemical exposure, the eyes should
be washed for the amount of time recommended
on the SDS or for at least 15 minutes. OSHA
requires every laboratory to contain an eyewash
station.
Immunization. Employers are required by OSHA to
r
provide immunization against blood-borne pathogens, such as hepatitis B, if vaccines are available.
If the employee does not want the immunization, a
document of declination or waiver must be signed for
the employee’s le.
Box
15-1
allergic reactions to latex. Latex is a product of
the rubber tree. Proteins in latex can cause allergic
reactions. Unfortunately, many products, including examination gloves, are made of latex.
Reactions to latex can range from mild to severe.
Symptoms of a mild allergy are skin redness, rash,
itching, or hives. A severe allergy can result in difculty breathing, wheezing, or coughing.
You are most likely to see respiratory responses
after gloves are removed. Powder inside the gloves
goes into the air. It enters the respiratory system
when you breathe. Protect yourself from latex
allergy by following these guidelines. Patients may
also be allergic to latex many practices use gloves
made of nitrile or vinyl.
Find out about other latex-free equipment,
r
including blood pressure cuffs for taking a
patient’s blood pressure.
Avoid using oil-based lotions or hand creams
r
before putting on latex gloves. Oils can break
down the latex and release the proteins that
cause allergic reactions.
Wash your hands thoroughly after removing
r
any gloves.
Know the symptoms of latex allergy so you can
r
recognize them in yourself, your coworkers, or
patients.
C
O
G
HANDLING
Latex Allergy and the Medical
Assistant
Many health care workers develop
CONTAMINATION IN AND
AROUND THE OFFICE
Some of your duties as a medical assistant may involve
keeping equipment and surfaces in the ofce clean. You
will need to follow proper procedures. To sanitize, clean
off any soil you can see on surfaces and equipment
292 Section IV Clinical Medical Assistant Skills
using detergent or low-level disinfectant. Floors, examination tables, countertops, and cabinets all need to be
cleaned routinely. They also must be cleaned when they
have become soiled with blood or body uids.
Biohazard Cleanup
Surfaces contaminated with biohazardous materials must be cleaned right away. You need to use an
approved germicide or a diluted bleach solution to
destroy microorganisms.
Some ofces purchase commercial spill kits. These kits
include all the materials you need to clean contaminated
surfaces. Some kits may contain different materials
depending on the manufacturer. If your ofce does not
purchase kits, you must gather the materials from the
ofce yourself. It is a good idea to store them together in
case a biohazardous spill occurs—you will be ready for
action. Here are items you will need:
Clean examination gloves
r
Disposable gowns
r
Eye protection, such as goggles
r
Face shields and masks
r
Absorbent crystals, gel, or powder (such as sodium
r
bicarbonate)
A disposable scoop
r
Paper towels
r
At least one biohazard waste bag (usually called a
r
“red bag”)
A chemical disinfectant
r
A sharps container or spill control barriers
Shoe covers (for large amount of contamination on
the oor)
When the plastic bag in the container is about twothirds full, it should be removed from the waste can.
Bring the top edges of the bag together and tie them, or
use a twist tie. Follow your ofce policy and procedure
for where to dispose of regular waste. Remember to put
a fresh bag in the waste container.
Sharps Waste Container
The sharps waste container is used only for sharp
objects that may puncture or injure someone. These
include needles, microscope slides, used ampoules, scalpel blades, and razors. Never put any sharps in plastic
bags. For safety reasons, they need to go in an approved,
puncture-resistant container like the one shown in
Figure 15-6.
Biohazard Waste Container
The biohazard waste container is used ONLY for
waste contaminated with blood or body uids. A red
colored plastic bag is used to distinguish this container from a regular waste basket. The waste container shown in Figure 15-7 appears to be a typical
waste can, but with a red colored plastic liner, it is designated as a biohazard waste container and not used
for regular trash.
Some examples include the following:
Soiled dressings and bandages
r
Soiled examination gloves
r
Soiled examination table paper
r
Cotton balls and applicators that have been used on
r
the body
Waste Containers
In the medical ofce, there are separate containers for
disposing of different kinds of waste. You need to make
sure you put waste in the right place.
Regular Waste Container
The regular waste container is used only for waste
that is not contaminated. Some examples include the
following:
Paper
r
Plastic
r
Disposable tray wrappers
r
Packaging material
r
Liquids should be discarded in a sink or other washbasin, not in the plastic bag inside the regular waste container. This will keep you from having to clean up leaks
and mess from the waste container.
Figure 15-6 All sharps should be disposed of properly
by placing them in a plastic puncture-resistant sharps
container like the one shown here. Note the biohazard
symbol on the sharps container. (Reprinted from
Kronenberger J, Ledbetter J. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins’
Comprehensive Medical Assisting. 5th ed. Philadelphia,
PA: Wolters Kluwer; 2016.)
Chapter 15 Medical Asepsis and Infection Control 293
violating disposal regulations, including nes and/or
imprisonment.
Biohazard waste services determine their fees based
on the type and amount of waste that is generated.
Because of this, it is important to dispose of only biohazardous waste in these containers. You do not want your
ofce to be charged for the removal of everyday trash.
Figure 15-7 Biohazard waste disposal container with
red plastic bag liner. Nonsharp items, visibly soiled with
blood or body uids, are discarded in this container.
(Reprinted from Kronenberger J, Ledbetter J. Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins’ Comprehensive Medical Assisting.
5thed. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer; 2016.)
Your Medical Ofce and Biohazard
Waste
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and OSHA
set regulations and guidelines for disposing of hazardous materials. Individual states use these guidelines to
determine their own policies.
Policies for disposing of infectious waste may be different in different states. You need to check your state
and local regulations before making decisions about
biohazardous waste.
Many medical ofces, small waste generators, produce <50 pounds of waste each month. Hospitals and
larger clinics that produce more than 50 pounds of
waste each month are considered large generators. They
must obtain a certicate of registration from the EPA.
They also need to keep records of the quantity of waste
and their disposal procedures.
Many facilities use a company that specializes in biohazard waste services. This ensures that they comply
with state and federal laws and that biohazardous waste
will be disposed of appropriately and safely.
Biohazard waste disposal services supply ofces
with appropriate waste containers. They pick up lled
containers regularly. After they pick up lled containers, they dispose of waste according to EPA and OSHA
guidelines.
The service keeps a tracking record. The record lists
the type of waste, its weight in pounds, and its disposal
destination. After the waste has been destroyed, the
tracking record is sent to the medical ofce.
The tracking record must be kept in on le in the
ofce for 3 years. It must be given to the EPA if an audit
is performed to check whether the medical ofce is following regulations. States may have stiff penalties for
C
O
G
As a medical assistant, you may worry about transmission of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and the human immunodeciency virus (HIV). You may already be familiar
with public concerns about HIV. HBV also has been a
hazard for health care professionals for many years.
It is more viable than HIV. HBV can survive in a dried
state on counter surfaces and clinical equipment at room
temperature for more than a week. That means there is
a chance it can be spread through the medical ofce by
direct contact, such as through contaminated hands or
gloves. HBV can be contained by proper use of standard
precautions. It can be killed easily by cleaning with a
diluted bleach solution.
CONCERNS ABOUT
HEPATITIS B AND HIV
There are good reasons to be concerned about HBV.
Preventing Exposure
HIV and HBV are both transmitted through exposure
to blood and body uids. If you have direct contact with
surfaces that are contaminated, there is a possibility the
virus can enter your body.
The virus can enter the body through accidental
punctures with sharp objects contaminated with blood,
such as used needles. It also might be able to enter
through broken skin. Broken skin can result from a cut
or wound. Several skin disorders also involve breaks in
the skin:
1. Dry, cracked skin
2. Dermatitis
3. Eczema
4. Psoriasis
If you have one of these skin disorders, you need to
be sure you wear PPE, especially if you think you might
come into contact with blood or body uids.
There is no vaccine to prevent infection by HIV, but
you can protect yourself from HBV with the HBV vaccine. The HBV vaccine is given in a series of three injections. These injections normally produce immunity to
the disease.
To test for immunity, it is recommended that you have
a blood sample taken and tested 6 months after the last
injection. The blood test checks for the presence, or titer,
294 Section IV Clinical Medical Assistant Skills
of antibodies against hepatitis B. If the test nds that
you are not immune, the vaccine series can be repeated.
Immunity to HBV can last as long as 15 years; however,
this is a topic that is still being researched and debated
in the medical world.
Your Right to Protection
If your duties at work place you at risk for exposure
to HBV, OSHA recommends that you be vaccinated to
prevent infection. Your employer is required by law to
offer to you and provide the vaccine at no cost.
If you choose not to receive the HBV vaccine, you
must sign a waiver or release form declining the
vaccination series. This form states that you are aware of
the risks related to HBV. Individuals who contract hepatitis B may develop cirrhosis (damaged liver cells). They
also may have a greater risk of developing liver cancer.
If You Have Been Exposed
If you have been exposed to blood or body uids
infected with HIV or HBV, the postexposure plan provides guidelines for what to do. The plan should include
immediate blood testing. Your blood needs to be tested
again at specic intervals, usually 6 weeks, 3 months,
6 months, 9 months, and 1 year.
If you have already been immunized against HBV, further treatment is not normally needed. But if you have not
been immunized against HBV, you can receive hepatitis
B immunoglobulin by injection to begin protecting your
body right away. The series of immunizations for the HBV
vaccine can be started to offer longer-term protection.
Patient Education:
Stopping the Spread of Disease at Home
As you work with patients, take time to teach
them basic aseptic practices they can use at home.
1. Hand washing. Remind patients that they can
stop the spread of disease by washing their hands.
Patients should wash their hands before and after
meals; after sneezing, coughing, or blowing the
nose; after using the bathroom; before and after
changing a dressing; and after changing diapers.
2. Using tissues. Encourage patients with respiratory
symptoms (coughing and sneezing) to use tissues
to cover their mouths and noses so they do not
spread their illness through the air. Remind them
to throw out used tissues right away and then
wash their hands. Tissues are thin and it is easy for
body uids to soak through to a person’s hands.
3. Changing bandages. Explain procedures to
patients and family members who will need to
change bandages. Take care to demonstrate how
to apply sterile dressings and clean bandages. To
check their understanding, ask the patients or
family members to repeat what you showed them.
4. Staying sanitary. Talk to patients about how to
dispose of waste from household members who
have infectious diseases.
5. Sharing glasses. Explain to patients that each
family member needs to use their own drinking
glasses and eating utensils.
Procedure 15-1 Handwashing for Medical Asepsis
Equipment: Sink, paper towel, soap, and orangewood
stick.
1. Take off your rings and your wristwatch. It is not a
good idea to wear rings when working with material that could be infectious. Rings can provide a
great environment for germs to hide.
2. Stand close to the sink, but avoid touching it. The
sink is considered contaminated. If you stand too
close, you might contaminate your clothing.
3. Using a paper towel, turn on the faucet. Adjust the
temperature and then dispose of the paper towel.
Warm water is best. Water that is too hot or too
cold can crack or chap the skin on your hands and
break one of your natural body barriers against
pathogens.
4. Wet your hands and wrists under warm running
water. Use a clean towel to push the soap dispenser.
Then, apply soap and lather up, rub your palms
together, and rub the soap between your ngers
at least 10 times. The rubbing action will loosen
microorganisms between your ngers. You are
removing transient ora and some resident ora,
too.
Chapter 15 Medical Asepsis and Infection Control 295
Procedure 15-1 Handwashing for Medical Asepsis(continued )
7. Next clean your nails. Microbes can hide under
your nails, too. Use an orangewood stick or nail
brush to clean under each nail. Metal les or
pointed tools might break the skin, creating an
opening for microbes. You can clean your nails
at the beginning of the day, before leaving for
the day, or after touching potentially infectious
material.
8. Use a clean paper towel to push the soap dispenser
again. Use more liquid soap and warm, running
water to wash your hands and wrists again. You
need to wash away any microbes that might have
(Reprinted from Kronenberger J, Ledbetter J.
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins’ Comprehensive
Medical Assisting. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters
Kluwer; 2016.)
been removed with the orangewood stick.
9. Rinse your hands thoroughly again. Be sure to hold
your hands lower than your elbows.
5. Scrub the palm of one hand with the ngertips of
the other using a circular motion. Then, switch
hands to scrub the other palm. Friction helps
remove microorganisms. You will also need to
scrub your wrists.
6. Rinse hands and wrists well under running warm
water. Hold your hands below your elbows and
wrists—that way microbes can ow from your
hands and ngers, rather than back up your arms.
Take care not to touch the inside of the sink—
remember, it is considered contaminated.
(Reprinted from Kronenberger J, Ledbetter J.
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins’ Comprehensive
Medical Assisting. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters
Kluwer; 2016.)
10. Dry your hands gently with a paper towel. They
need to be completely dry to prevent your skin
from drying and cracking. Discard the paper
towel and used orangewood stick when you are
nished.
(Reprinted from Kronenberger J, Ledbetter J.
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins’ Comprehensive
Medical Assisting. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters
Kluwer; 2016.)
11. Use a dry paper towel to turn off the faucets. Your
clean hands should not touch the faucet handles—
they are also considered contaminated. Discard the
paper towel.
296 Section IV Clinical Medical Assistant Skills
Procedure 15-2 Removing Contaminated Gloves
Equipment: Nonsterile gloves and biohazard waste bin.
1. To remove gloves, grasp the glove of your nondominant hand at the palm. (If you are right handed,
grasp the glove on your left hand.) Avoid grasping
the glove at the wrist—you might transfer contaminants from your glove to your wrist. Make sure
hands are pointed down and away from the body,
preferably directly over the biohazard container.
(Reprinted from Kronenberger J, Ledbetter J. Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins’ Comprehensive Medical Assisting.
5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer; 2016.)
2. Tug the glove toward the ngertips of your nondominant hand.
not to touch the outside of the glove. Skin can
touch skin, but never the soiled part of the glove.
(Reprinted from Kronenberger J, Ledbetter J.
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins’ Comprehensive
Medical Assisting. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters
Kluwer; 2016.)
5. Stretch the glove of the dominant hand up and
away from your hand. At the same time, turn
the glove inside out. The glove you removed rst
should be balled up inside. All the soiled surfaces of
the gloves should be inside. The rst glove should
be inside the second glove, and the second glove
should be inside out.
3. Slide your nondominant hand out of the glove by
rolling the glove against the palm of your dominant
hand. You must be careful not to touch either glove
with your bare hand.
(Reprinted from Kronenberger J, Ledbetter J. Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins’ Comprehensive Medical Assisting.
5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer; 2016.)
4. Keep holding the soiled glove in the palm of your
dominant hand. Slip your bare ngers under the
cuff of the glove you are still wearing. Be careful
(Reprinted from Kronenberger J, Ledbetter J.
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins’ Comprehensive
Medical Assisting. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters
Kluwer; 2016.)
6. Discard the gloves as they are (without taking them
apart) in a biohazard waste bin or bag.
7. Wash your hands. Wearing gloves does not replace
the need for good hand washing.
Chapter 15 Medical Asepsis and Infection Control 297
Procedure 15-3 Cleaning Examination Tables
Equipment: Clean gloves, biohazard waste bag, and
germicide.
1. Put on clean gloves. If there is a possibility of
contact with used dressings, body uids, or other
contaminated items on the table, further protect
yourself with a gown or apron, protective eyewear,
and shoe coverings.
2. Even though you are wearing gloves, try to handle
the soiled table paper or linen as little as possible.
Fold it carefully so the most soiled surface is turned
inward. This will help stop contaminants from getting into the air or touching your clothes.
3. Dispose of soiled table paper in a biohazard waste
bag. If your ofce uses cloth linens, place them in
a biohazard laundry bag in the examination room.
Do not carry unbagged dirty linen through the
ofce for laundering.
4. Spray the table with a commercial germicide or
diluted bleach solution. Then, wipe with disposable
paper towels. Discard the towels in the biohazard
waste bag. Remove gloves and wash hands.
5. Apply new examination table paper or linens.
6. Dirty linens may be sent to an outside company for
laundering. If they are laundered at the ofce, use
normal laundry cycles and follow ofce policy and
procedure. Follow the manufacturers’ recommendations for the washer, detergent, and fabric.
Procedure 15-4 Cleaning Biohazardous Spills
Equipment: Disposable gloves, gown or apron, protective eye wear, shoe covers, germicide.
1. Put on your gloves rst. If you think there will be
any splashing, protect yourself. A gown or an apron
will protect your clothing from contaminants. Wear
protective eyewear and shoe coverings.
2. Follow your ofce policy for cleaning up spills. Use
chemical gels, crystals, or powders to absorb the
spill. Clean up the spill with disposable paper towels or a scoop. Be careful not to splash.
(Reprinted from Kronenberger J, Ledbetter J. Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins’ Comprehensive Medical Assisting.
5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer; 2016.)
298 Section IV Clinical Medical Assistant Skills
Procedure 15-4 Cleaning Biohazardous Spills (continued )
3. Dispose of paper towels and absorbent material in
a biohazard waste bag. The bag will alert anyone
handling the waste that it contains biohazardous
material.
(Reprinted from Kronenberger J, Ledbetter J. Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins’ Comprehensive Medical Assisting.
5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer; 2016.)
4. Spray the area with a commercial germicide or
diluted bleach solution. Then, wipe with disposable
paper towels. Be sure to discard towels in the biohazard waste bag.
5. Keeping your gloves ON, remove any protective eyewear being careful not to touch your face.
Discard the eyewear or disinfect it, depending on
the policy in your ofce. Take off the gown or
apron and shoe coverings. If they are disposable,
put them in the biohazard waste bag. If they are
reusable, put them in the biohazard laundry bag.
6. Place the biohazard waste bag in the biohazard
waste bin for your ofce.
7. Take off your gloves and wash your hands thoroughly.
Procedure 15-5 Guidelines for Waste Disposal
Equipment: Sharps container, biohazard waste container, and gloves.
1. Use separate containers for each type of waste.
Sharps containers are only for sharps. Paper towels
used for routine hand washing do not go in a biohazard waste bag.
2. Use only approved biohazard waste containers.
3. Fill sharps containers two-thirds full before disposing of them. Look for a ll line on the container to
show you how much goes in.
4. If you need to move a lled biohazard waste container, make sure the bag is secure. A closure should
be provided with the container.
5. Take extra care when the biohazard waste container is contaminated on the outside and wear
gloves. Put the container inside another approved
biohazard waste container. And be sure to wash
your hands thoroughly afterward.
6. Place biohazard waste for pick up by the service in
a secure, designated area.
Chapter 15 Medical Asepsis and Infection Control 299
Preparing for Externship
your medical assistant program. This is especially
true during your externship. You will be exposed to
many patients who are ill with infections that are
easily transmitted, such as colds and the u. You
need to be able to resist the bacteria and viruses
that you may come in contact with. You need to get
plenty of rest, eat good nutritious meals and perform
Chapter Recap
● Medical assistants use specic procedures and
practices to prevent the spread of microorganisms
that carry disease.
● The human body has natural barriers to protect
itself. These barriers can be overpowered by virulent
pathogens, especially in a susceptible host.
● By understanding what microorganisms need to
survive and how they are transmitted, the medical
assistant can break the chain of infection.
● The medical assistant follows guidelines from OSHA
and the CDC. These standard precautions will
control and prevent infections in the medical ofce.
● Medical asepsis keeps ofce areas free of
microorganisms. The medical assistant also teaches
patients basic aseptic practices to prevent the spread
of microorganisms in their homes. Hand washing is
critical.
● Different objects and equipment require different
levels of infection control. The highest level of
It is important to stay well and healthy throughout
frequent hand hygiene. Don’t forget to wash your
hands before and after working with each patient.
You may want to use a hand sanitizer gel when you
cannot get to the sink to wash with soap and water.
Remember that friction, by rubbing your hands
together, is the key to getting your hands scrubbed
well.
infection control is sterilization. It destroys all
microorganisms and spores.
● It is important for the medical assistant to know
when and how to use different disinfection methods.
There are three different levels of disinfection.
● Specic policies and regulations protect medical
assistants from biohazardous materials and infectious
disease. Written policies in the medical ofce outline
the exposure risk factor for each employee. They also
provide an exposure control plan.
● Medical assistants protect themselves and their
patients by following strict procedures for
cleaning biohazardous waste. Improper disposal of
biohazardous waste can lead to nes or imprisonment.
● Many medical assistants worry about exposure
to HIV and HBV. Knowing how these viruses are
transmitted helps reduce the risks. Medical assistants
have a legal right to a vaccine for HBV at no cost.
Exposure to HIV or HBV requires follow-up testing.
Online Resources for Students
Resources for students available on thepoint.
lww.com include the following:
● Audio Glossary
● Animations
● Competency Evaluation Forms
● Harris CareTracker Case Studies
● Interactive Games & Activities
● Certication Preparation Question Bank
● Videos
300 Section IV Clinical Medical Assistant Skills
Exercises and Activities
Certication Preparation Questions
1. Which of the following represents an example of
indirect transmission of disease?
a. Shaking hands with an infected person
b. Kissing a person who is infected
c. Inhaling droplets from a reservoir host
d. Touching a contaminated doorknob
e. Touching blood from a reservoir host
2. Which stage of infectious disease will a person
only have a general feeling of illness or fatigue?
a. Incubation
b. Prodromal
c. Acute
d. Declining
e. Convalescent
3. When a person becomes infected with chicken pox
and develops immunity, it is an example of:
a. active acquired natural immunity.
b. active acquired articial immunity.
c. natural articial acquired immunity.
d. passive acquired natural immunity.
e. passive acquired articial immunity.
4. Which of the following is NOT a main sign of
inammation?
a. Redness
b. Swelling
c. Heat
d. Pain
e. Fatigue
5. The difference between an aerobe and anaerobe is
that:
a. an aerobe is pathogenic and an anaerobe is not.
b. an anaerobe is pathogenic and an aerobe is not.
c. aerobes are found where there is an absence of
oxygen.
d. anaerobes do not require oxygen to survive.
e. aerobes cause disease and anaerobes do not.
6. Which of the following would be appropriate to
discard in a biohazard waste container (red bag)?
a. Disposable lancets
b. Microscope slides
c. Safety lock needle
d. Soiled exam table paper
e. Filter needle
7. Which of the following represents a
microorganism that is a type of plant?
a. Bacteria
b. Virus
c. Fungus
d. Parasite
e. Protozoa
8. Where can a medical assistant locate information
regarding the safe use of chemical products in the
medical ofce?
a. EPA
b. SDS
c. OPIM
d. CDC
e. OSHA
9. Which of the following is a true statement
regarding the HBV vaccine?
a. HBV is a vaccine used to protect against chicken
pox.
b. All employees are required to receive the HBV
vaccine in order to avoid being terminated from
employment.
c. An employee may sign a waiver to not receive
the HBV vaccine.
d. HBV is a vaccine intended to protect against all
viral diseases.
e. HBV vaccine is given in two doses and will pro-
tect an individual for 1 year.
10. An example of a disease caused by a protozoa is:
a. malaria.
b. chicken pox.
c. strep throat.
d. mononucleosis.
e. hepatitis.
P
S
Y
1. Access the Web site for OSHA, Occupational Safety
2. Access the Web site for the World Health Organization
Internet Activities
and Health Administration. Locate the fact sheet for
blood-borne pathogens standard. Review the specic requirements of the standard as they apply to
employers at health care facilities.
and research statistical data regarding hepatitis B
including number infected and deaths attributed to
this disease.
Reference
Source: World Health Organization; http://www.who.int/
about/en/